USAN STEM LIST

STEM -abine -ac -acetam -adol or -adol-adox -afenone -afil -aj-aldrate -algron -alol -amidis -amivir -ampa subgroup: -ampanel -ampator -anib DEFINITION (see -arabine, -citabine) anti-inflammatory agents (acetic acid derivatives) (see -racetam) analgesics (mixed opiate receptor agonists/ antagonists) antibacterials (quinoline dioxide derivatives) antiarrhythmics (propafenone derivatives) PDE5 inhibitors antiarrhythmics (ajmaline derivatives) antacid aluminum salts alpha1 - and alpha2 - adrenoreceptor agonists combined alpha and beta blockers antimyloidotics (see -vir) ionotropic non-NMDA glutamate receptors (AMPA and/or KA receptors) antagonists modulators angiogenesis inhibitors becampanel forampator pegaptanib cediranib tazadolene spiradolene levonantradol carbadox alprafenone diprafenonex tadalafil lorajmine magaldrate dabuzalgron labetalol medroxalol tafamidis EXAMPLES bromfenac dexpemedolac

subgroup: -siranib -andr-anserin siRNA androgens serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonists bevasiranib nandrolone altanserin tropanserin adatanserin carbantel

-antel subgroup: -quantel -antrone -apsel -arabine aril-, -aril, -aril-

anthelmintics (undefined group)

2-deoxoparaherquamide A derivatives antineoplastics; anthraquinone derivatives P-selectin antagonists antineoplastics (arabinofuranosyl derivatives) fludarabine antiviral (arildone derivatives)

derquantel pixantrone torapsel fazarabine pleconaril arildone fosarilate lobenzarit clobuzarit dicumarol dronedarone

-arit -arol -arone subgroup: -iodarone -arot-

antirheumatics (lobenzarit type) anticoagulants (dicumarol type) antiarrhythmics

indicates high iodine content arotinoids

amiodarone etarotene sumarotene tazarotene bexarotene linarotene tazarotene

-arotene

arotinoid derivatives

-arsin arte-ase subgroup: -dismase

organoarsenic compounds antimalarials (artemisin derivatives) enzymes

darinaparsin arteflene alglucerase dornase alfa

superoxide dismutase activity (exception: orgotein) tissue-type plasminogen activators

sudismase

-teplase

alteplase duteplase silteplase saruplase nasaruplase

-uplase -ast

urokinase-type plasminogen activators antiasthmatics/antiallergics (not acting primarily as antihistamines; leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors)

subgroup: -lukast -milast -trodast -zolast -tegr-(a)tadine leukotriene receptor antagonists type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitors thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists benzoxazole derivatives integrin antagonists tricyclic histaminic-H1 receptor antagonists, loratadine derivatives antihistaminics (histamine-H1 receptor antagonists) cinalukast pobilukast piclamilast seratrodast eclazolast ontazolast valategrast desloratadine rupatadine somantadine ebastine

-astine

-atadine -axine -(f)axine -azenil -azepam -azepide -azocine -azoline -azosin -bactam -bamate -barb or -barb-basib -begron -bendazole -berel -bersat bol- or -bol-

tricyclic antiasthmatics antianxiety, antidepressant inhibitor of norepinephrine and dopamine re-uptake

olopatadine loratadine

radafaxine benzodiazepine receptor agonists/antagonists antianxiety agents (diazepam type) cholecystokinin receptor antagonists narcotic antagonists/agonists (6,7-benzomorphan derivatives) antihistamines/local vasoconstrictors (antazoline type) antihypertensives (prazosin type) beta-lactamase inhibitors tranquilizers/antiepileptics (propanediol and pentanediol groups) barbituric acid derivatives bretazenil flumazenil lorazepam devazepide quadazocine ketazocine antazoline doxazosin sulbactam meprobamate felbamate phenobarbital secobarbital eterobarb aderbasib talibegron cambendazole prinaberel carabersat tidembersat bolandiol mibolerone

inhibitors of the ADAM (A disintegrin and A metalloprotease) enzymes (sheddases) beta 3 adrenoreceptor agonist anthelmintics (tibendazole type) beta estrogen receptor agonist anticonvulsants; antimigraine (benzoylamino-benzpyran derivatives) anabolic steroids

-bufen -bulin -butan

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, fenbufen derivatives antineoplastics (mitotic inhibitors; tubulin binders) antiseptics (dapabutan type)

indobufen mivobulin dapabutan lopobutan mofebutazone ivacaftor dibucaine ronacaleret calcipotriene tacalcitol tremacamra

-butazone -caftor -caine -caleret calci- or -calci-camra

anti-inflammatory analgesics (phenylbutazone type) cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein modulators local anesthetics calcium receptor antagonists vitamin D analogues antivirals (intracellular adhesion molecules, icam-1 derivatives) camphorsulfonic acid derivatives used as UVA sunscreens agonists of the Gardos channel, or the calcium activated potassium channel of intermediate conductance catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors caspase (interleukin 1b) converting enzyme inhibitors serotonin receptor agonists, primarily 5-HT2 (see -stat) antibiotics (carbacephem derivatives) cathespin inhibitors

-camsule -capoc

ecamsule senicapoc

-capone -casan -caserin -castat -carbef -catib

entacapone pralnacasan lorcaserin vabicaserin

loracarbef balicatib

-cavir cef-cept subgroups: -bacept -co-facept -farcept -lefacept -nacept -nercept -tacept -tercept -vircept -cerfont -cet subgroup: -calcet -cetrapib -cic

(see -vir) cephalosporins receptor molecules, native or modified (a preceding infix should designate the target) cefazolin alvircept

B-cells complement receptors lymphocyte function-associated with antigen 3 (LFA) receptor interferon receptors lymphocyte function-associated interleukins tumor necrosis factor receptors T-cells transforming growth factor antiviral receptors CRF-1 (corticotropin releasing factor) receptor antagonists receptors (small molecule)

briobacept mirococept alefacept bifarcept alefacept rilonacept lenercept belatacept sotatercept alvircept pexacerfont

calcium receptor agonists cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors hepatoprotectives (timonacic type)

tecalcet torcetrapib limazocic

-ciclib -ciclovir -cidin -ciguat -cillin -citabine

cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (formerly cidib) (see vir-) natural antibiotics (undefined group) guanaline cyclase activator penicillins nucleoside antiviral or antineoplastic agents, cytarabine or azarabine derivatives muscarinic receptor agonists/antagonists heat-shock protein inducers, bimoclomal type hypnotics/tranquilizers (zopiclone type) cyclosporine derivatives blood coagulation factors

seliciclib

gramicidin ataciguat, atriciguat ampicillin gemcitabine fiacitabine zalcitabine vedaclidine talsaclidine elesclomol pagoclone oxeclosporin

-clidine/ -clidinium -clomol -clone -closporin -cog subgroups: -eptacog -nonacog -octocog

blood coagulation factor VII blood coagulation factor IX blood coagulation factor VIII

eptacog alfa (activated) nonacog alfa moroctocogalfa octocog alfa tifacogin fluconazole oxiconazole mapracorat

-cogin -conazole -corat

blood coagulation cascade inhibitor systemic antifungals (miconazole type) glucocorticoid receptor agonists (not glucocorticoids)

-cort-coxib

cortisone derivatives cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors

hydrocortisone celecoxib parecoxib valdecoxib

-cridar -crinat -crine -cromil -curium -curonium -cycline -dan -dapsone -degib -denant -dar subgroups: -cridar -icodar -quidar -spodar

(see -dar) diuretics (ethacrynic acid derivatives) acridine derivatives antiallergics (cromoglicic acid derivatives) neuromuscular blocking agents (quaternary (also ammonium compounds) brocrinat amsacrine quinacrine nedocromil atracurium alcuronium pipecuronium antibiotics (tetracycline derivatives) positive inotropic agents (pimobendan type) antimycobacterials (diaminodiphenylsulfone derivatives) minocycline prinoxodan indolidan acedapsone

SMO receptor antagonists; hedgehog signaling inhibitors vismodegib adenosine 2A antagonists multidrug resistance inhibitors preladenant

acridine carboxamide derivatives pipecolic acid derivatives quinoline derivatives ciclosporin D derivatives

elacridar biricodar lamiquidar zozuquidar valspodar

-denoson -depsin -dermin dil-, -dilor -dil -dipine -dismase -distim -ditan -ditraz -domide -dopa -dopidine -dore -dotin -dralazine -dronate -dutant -ectedin -ectin

adenosine A receptor agonists depsipeptide derivatives (see -ermin) vasodilators (undefined group) phenylpyridine vasodilators (nifedipine type) (see -ase) (see -stim) antimigraine (5-HT1 receptor agonists) acaricide/tick repellent thalidomide derivatives dopamine receptor agonists dopamine D2 receptor modulator dopamine D2D3 receptor modulators synthetic analogs of the dolastatin series antihypertensives (hydrazine-phthalazines) calcium metabolism regulators (see -tant) ecteinascodin derivatives antiparasitics (ivermectin type)

tecadenoson, binodenoson romidepsin

fostedil darodipine felodipine

alniditan demiditraz lenalidomide levodopa pridopidine aplindore fumarate tasidotin HCl hydralazine endralazine etidronate tiludronate

monectedin doramectin moxidectin

-elestat -elvekin -emcinal -entan -eptacog -eptakin -erg-eridine -ermin subgroups: -bermin -dermin -fermin -nermin -plermin -sermin -termin -otermin -espib estr- or -estr-estrant -etanide

(see -stat) (see -kin) erythromycin derivatives lacking antibiotic activity; motilin agonists endothelin receptor antagonists (see -cog) (see -kin) ergot alkaloid derivatives analgesics (meperidine type) growth factors pergolide anileridine mitemcinal bosentan

vascular endothelial growth factors epidermal growth factors fibroblast growth factors tumor necrosis factors platelet derived growth factors insulin-like growth factors transforming growth factors bone morphogenetic proteins heat shock protein inhibitors estrogens estrogen antagonists diuretics (piretanide type)

telbermin murodermin ersofermin sonermin tasonermin becaplermin mecasermin cetermin dibotermin alfa ganetespib estrone fenestrel fulvestrant bumetanide

10

-exakin -farin -farnib -fenamate -fenamic acid -fenin -fenine -fentanil

(see -kin) warfarin analogs farnesyl transferase inhibitor "fenamic acid" ester or salt derivatives anti-inflammatory agents (anthranilic acid derivatives) diagnostic aids ((phenylcarbamoyl)methyl iminodiacetic acid derivatives) analgesics (fenamic acid subgroup) narcotic analgesics (fentanyl derivatives) tecarfarin tipifarnib etofenamate flufenamic acid arclofenin floctafenine alfentanil mirfentanil brifentanil pumafentrine

-fentrine -fermin -fetamin(e) -fexor-/ -fexorate -fiban -fibatide -fibrate -filcon

phosphodiesterase inhibitor (see -ermin) amfetamine derivatives farnesoid X receptor agonists fibrinogen receptor antagonists (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists) (see -tide) antihyperlipidemics (clofibrate type) hydrophilic contact lens materials

levmetamfetamine turofexorate lamifiban tirofiban

bezafibrate alphafilcon A xylofilcon A mipafilcon A

-fingol -flapon

sphingosine derivatives 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors

cedefingol safingol quiflapon

11

-flurane -focon

general inhalation anesthetics (halogenated alkane derivatives) hydrophobic contact lens materials

enflurane trifocon A pasifocon B satafocon A buformin fosinoprilat palifosfamide mibefradil viridofulven kalafungin enprofylline bamifylline cipamfylline fengabine gadodiamide gadoteridol gadobenate iseganan pexiganan omigapil efegatran telcagepant megestrol selegiline mitogillin

-formin -fo(s)-fosfamide -fradil -fulven -fungin -fylline

hypoglycemics (phenformin type) phosphoro-derivatives isophosphoramide mustard derivatives calcium channel blockers acting as vasodilators antineoplastic, acylfulven derivatives antifungal antibiotics (undefined group) theophylline derivatives

-gabgado-

gabamimetics gadolinium derivatives (principally for diagnostic use)

-ganan -gapil -gatran -gepant -gest-giline -gillin

antimicrobial, bactericidal permeability increasing polypeptide neuronal apoptosis inhibitors; GAPDH thrombin inhibitors (argatroban type) calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists progestins MAO inhibitors, type B antibiotics (Aspergillus strains)

12

gli-gliatin -gliflozin -glinide -gliptin -glitazar -glitazone -glumide -golix -gosivir -gramostim -grastim -grel- or -grel guan-ibat -icam -icodar -ifen(e)

antihyperglycemics glucokinase activator phlorozin derivatives, phenolic glycosides antidiabetic, SGLT2 inhibitors, not phlorozin derivatives dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-IV inhibitors PPAR agonists (not thiazolidene derivatives) PPST agonists (thiazolidene derivatives) CCK antagonists, antiulcer, anxiolytic agent GnRH receptor antagonists (nonpeptide) (see -vir) (see -stim) (see -stim) platelet aggregation inhibitors, primarily platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonists antihypertensives (guanidine derivatives) ileal bile acid transport inhibitor anti-inflammatory agents (isoxicam type) (see -dar) antiestrogens of the clomifene and tamoxifen groups

gliflumide piragliatin sergliflozin repaglinide mitiglinide vildagliptin farglitizar ciglitazone rosiglitazone amiglumide itriglumide sufugolix

itazigrel dimetagrel furegrelate guanoctine barixibat enolicam tenoxicam

nitromifene raloxifene droloxifene

13

-ilide

class III antiarrhythmic agents

ibutilide risotilide dofetilide merimepodib forfenimex roquinimex ubenimex eldacimibe avasimibe pactimibe ivarimod pidotimod dormapimod eptirimod,sortirimod agatolimod rintatolimod tacrolimus napirimus gusperimus

-imepodib -imex

inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors immunostimulants

-imibe-

antihyperlipidaemics, acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors

-imod subgroup: -mapimod -tirimod -tolimod -imus

immunomodulators

mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors napthyridine analogs toll-like receptor agonist immunosuppressives

subgroup: -rolimus io-irudin -isant -isomide -ium (also -onium) immunosuppressant, rapamycin derivatives iodine-containing contrast media anticoagulants (hirudin type) histamine H3 receptor antagonists antiarrhythmics (disopyramide derivatives) quaternary ammonium derivatives sirolimus iodamide desirudin cipralisant bidisomide disiquonium polixetonium

14

-ivon -ixafor -kacin -kalant -kalim -kalner -kef-kin subgroups: -decakin -dodekin -elvekin -enicokin -eptakin -exakin -leukin -nakin

Von Willebrand factor inhibitors CXCR4 antagonists antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces kanamyceticus (related to kanamycin) potassium channel antagonists potassium channel agonists opener of large conductance calcium-activated (maxi-k) K+ channels enkephalin agonists (various indications) interleukins

egaptivon pegol plerixafor amikacin almokalant terikalant cromakalim aprikalim flindokalner metkephamide casokefamide

interleukin-10 analogues and derivatives interleukin-12 analogues and derivatives interleukin-11 analogues and derivatives interleukin-21 interleukin-7 analogues and derivatives interleukin-6 analogues and derivatives interleukin-2 analogues and derivatives interleukin-1 analogues and derivatives

ilodecakin edodekin alfa oprelvekin denenicokin

atexakin alfa teceleukin aldesleukin

subgroups: -onakin interleukin-1- analogues and derivatives -benakin interleukin-1- analogues and derivatives

pitonakin mobenakin

15

-nonakin -octakin -penkin -trakin -kinra subgroups: -nakinra -kiren

interleukin-9 analogues and derivatives interleukin-8 analogues and derivatives interleukin-5 analogues and derivatives interleukin-4 analogues and derivatives interleukin receptor antagonists binetrakin emoctakin

interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonists renin inhibitors

anakinra ditekiren terlakiren zankiren tirilazad metreleptin

-lazad -leptin -leukin -leuton

lipid peroxidation inhibitors leptin derivatives (see -kin) 5-lipoxgenase inhibitors

setileuton fenleuton ibrolipim pictilisib etalocib

-lipim -lisib -locib

lipoprotein lipase activators phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors antineoplastics that inhibit the formation of 5-LO, LTB4, LTC4, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2); and Activate PPAR nuclear receptors leukotriene receptor antagonists (treatment of inflammatory skin disorders) (see -ast) inducers of ribosomal readthrough of nonsense mutation mRNA stop codons non-steroid antiandrogens

-lubant -lukast -luren -lutamide

ticolubant

ataluren bicalutamide flutamide

16

-lutril

neutral endopeptidase inhibitors possessing additional endothelin converting enzyme inhibitory activity monoclonal antibodies imciromab

daglutril

-mab

abciximab capromab dacliximab detumomab enlimomab -axo-kin-les-ne(r)-os-toxa-xizu-manid -mantadine or -mantine -mastat -meline -melteon -mer -mesine -mestane rat-murine hybrid antibodies interleukins as target infix for inflammatory/infectious lesions neurologic indications (replaces -neu-) bone toxin as a target combination of humanized and chimeric chains mycolic acid inhibitors antivirals/antiparkinsonians (adamantane derivatives) (see -stat) cholinergic agonists (arecoline derivatives used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease) selective melatonin receptor agonist polymers sigma receptor ligands antineoplastics (aromatase inhibitors) xanomeline ramelteon cadexomer carbetimer igmesine panamesine plomestane delamanid rimantadine dopamantine denosumab urtoxazumab

17

-metacin -micin -monam -morelin -moren -mostim -motine -moxin

anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin type) antibiotics (Micromonospora strains) monobactam antibiotics (see -relin) non-peptidic growth hormone secretagogues (see -stim) antivirals (quinoline derivatives) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (hydrazine derivatives)

zidometacin maduramicin gentamicin gloximonam oximonam tigemonam ibutamoren

famotine benmoxin domoxin retapamulin ismomultin carmustine lincomycin nabazenil dronabinol

-mulin -multin -mustine -mycin nab- or -nabsubgroup: -nabant -nakalant -nakin nal-navir

antibacterials, pleuromulin derivatives mucosal tolerance inductors antineoplastics (chloroethylamine derivatives) antibiotics (Streptomyces strains) cannabinol derivatives

CB cannabinoid receptor antagonists mixed sodium/potassium channel blockers (see -kin) narcotic agonists/antagonists (normorphine type) (see vir-)

rimonabant vernakalant

nalmefene

18

-nepag -nercept -nermin -nertant -nesib -netant -neurin -nicline -nidap -nidazole nifur-nil subgroup: -punil -quinil -nixin -nonacog -nonakin -octocog -octakin

non-prostanoid prostaglandin receptor agonists (see -cept) (see -ermin) neurotensin receptor antagonists kinesin inhibitors (see -tant) neurotensin receptor antagonists; neurotropins nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonists/agonists nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (tenidap type) antiprotozoal substances (metronidazole type) 5-nitrofuran derivatives benzodiazepine receptor antagonists/agonists

evatanepag

reminertant ispinesib

abrineurin altinicline ilonidap tenidap tinidazole nifuratel nifuratrone

mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor (MBR) selective, partial, or inverse agonists (purine derivatives) benzodiazepine receptor agonists, also partial or inverse (quinoline derivatives) anti-inflammatory agents (anilinonicotinic acid derivatives) (see -cog) (see -kin) (see -cog) (see -kin)

emapunil

lirequinil clonixin

19

-olol -olone -onide -opilone -orex -orexant -orphan

beta-blockers (propranolol type) steroids (not prednisolone derivatives) topical steroids (acetal derivatives) epothilones anorexiants orexin antagonists narcotic antagonists/agonists (morphinan derivatives) dextrorphan urotensin receptor antagonists hepatoprotectants, di-isopropyl-1,3-dithiolmalonate derivatives antibacterials (quinolone derivatives) alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists (benzodioxane derivatives) antiparasitics (salicylanilide derivatives) antibiotics (oxacefalosporanic acid derivatives) antidepressants (fluoxetine type)

timolol atenolol minaxolone amcinonide sagopilone fludorex suvorexant dextromethorphan palosuran mivotilate difloxacin ciprofloxacin imiloxan bromoxanide flomoxef dapoxetine seproxetine

-osuran -otilate -oxacin -oxan -oxanide -oxef -oxetine subgroup: -tioxetine -oxin -pab

thioether derivatives fluoroquinolone derivatives, nonantibacterial indications (e.g., antineoplastic antibiotics) antibody mixtures/polyclonal antibodies, used instead of -mab

tedatioxetine voreloxin rozrolimupab

20

-pafant

platelet-activating factor antagonists

apafant dacopafant tulopafant lexipafant alipamide tiapamil fosopamine ibopamine fanapanel irumpanel talampanel beciparcil iliparcil avoparcin olaparib heparin tinzaparin dalteparin fondaparinux danaparoid sulparoid vorapaxar pegcaristim pegnartograstim pegvisomant tomopenem

-pamide -pamil -pamine -panel

diuretics (sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives) coronary vasodilators (verapamil type) dopaminergics (butopamine type) AMPA receptor antagonists

-parcil -parcin -parib -parin

antithrombotics glycopeptide antibiotics poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors heparin derivatives and low molecular weight (or depolymerized) heparins antithrombotic indirect selective synthetic factor Xa inhibitors antithrombotics (heparinoid type) PAR1 antagonists PEGylated compounds

-parinux -paroid -paxar peg-

-penem -penkin

antibacterial antibiotics, carbapenem derivatives (see -kin)

21

perflu-peridol -peridone

blood substitutes and/or diagnostics (perfluorochemicals) antipsychotics (haloperidol type) antipsychotics (risperidone type)

perflubron perflunafene haloperidol risperidone iloperidone ocaperidone velneperit

-perit subgroup: -neperit

neuropeptide Y receptor modulators

neuropeptide Y5

-perone

antianxiety agents/neuroleptics (4'-fluoro-4-piperidinobutyrophenone derivatives) glycine transporter inhibitors acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimers disease hypnotics/sedatives (zolpidem type) tricyclic compounds prostaglandin receptor antagonists, non prostinoid structure 5-HT6 inhibitors

duoperone

-pertin -pezil -pidem -pin(e) -piprant -pirdine

bitopertin icopezil donepezil zolpidem alpidem doxepin propizepine laropiprant linopirdine besipirdine sibopirdine ciclopirox

-pirox -pitant -plact

antimycotics (pyridone derivatives) (see -tant) platelet factor 4 analogs and derivatives

iroplact

22

-pladib -planin

phospholipase A2 inhibitors antibacterials (Actinoplanes strains)

ecopladib mideplanin ramoplanin teicoplanin ocriplasmin cisplatin tiplasinin

-plasmin -platin -plasinin -plermin -plestim -plon -poetin -porfin -pramine -prazan -prazole

plasmin proteins and derivatives antineoplastics (platinum derivatives) inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 (see -ermin) (see -stim) non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics erythropoietins benzoporphyrin derivatives temoporfin antidepressants (imipramine type) acid pump inhibitors, not dependent on acid activation antiulcer agents (benzimidazole derivatives)

ocinaplon zaleplon epoetin alfa epoetin beta verteporfin lofepramine omidaprazan omeprazole disuprazole

subgroup: -maprazole acid pump inhibitors pred-, -predor -pred -pressin -pride prednisone and prednisolone derivatives pumaprazole

prednicarbate cloprednol oxisopred desmopressin remoxipride zacopride

vasoconstrictors (vasopressin derivatives) sulpiride derivatives

23

-pril

antihypertensives (ACE inhibitors)

enalapril temocapril spirapril enalaprilat spiraprilat leteprinim ormetoprim asoprisnil quinupristin efepristin mifepristone flurbiprofen rioprostil dinoprost ertiprotafib

-prilat -prinim -prim -prisnil -pristin

antihypertensives (ACE inhibitors) (diacid analogs of the -pril entity) nootropic agents, purine derivatives antibacterials (trimethoprim type) selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRM) antibacterials, pristinamycin derivatives

-pristone -profen -prostor -prost -protafib -pultide -proget -queside -quiline -racetam -racil

progesterone receptor antagonists anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents (ibuprofen type) prostaglandins protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors (see -tide) nonsteroidal ligand for the progesterone receptor cholesterol sequestrants (glycosides) antibiotics, diarylquinoline structure nootropes (piracetam type) uracil type antineoplastics

tanaproget pamaqueside bedaquiline piracetam eniluracil gemeracil oteracil sorafenib nafarelin

-rafenib -relin

raf kinase inhibitors prehormones or hormone-release stimulating peptides

24

subgroups: -morelin -tirelin -relix -renone -restat -retin- or -retin -rev -tucirev -rian -ribine rifa-rinone -rixin -rocin -rozole growth hormone-release stimulating peptides thyrotropin releasing hormone analogues hormone-release inhibiting peptides aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone type) (see -stat) retinol derivatives therapeutic virus tumoricidal ryanodine receptor modulators ribofuranil derivatives (pyrazofurin type) antibiotics (rifamycin derivatives) cardiotonics (amrinone type) CXCR2 modulators t-RNA synthetase inhibitors aromatase inhibitors (imidazole/triazole derivatives) lontucirev aladorian loxoribine rifapentine rifampin milrinone reparixin bederocin letrozole fadrozole vorozole talarozole alicaforsen etretinate pelretin dumorelin protirelin detirelix canrenone

-rsen subgroup: -virsen

antisense oligonucleotides

antivirals

afovirsen fomivirsen trecovirsen

25

-rubicin sal-, -salo -sal -sarm -sartan -semide -sermin -serod -serpine -sertib -setrag -setron

antineoplastic antibiotics (daunorubicin type) anti-inflammatory agents (salicylic acid derivatives) selective androgen receptor modulator (non-steroidal) angiotensin II receptor antagonists diuretics (furosemide type) (see -ermin) serotonin receptor antagonists and partial agonists Rauwolfia alkaloid derivatives serine/threonine kinase inhibitors serotonin 5-HT receptor agonists, not principally 5-HT2 serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists

esorubicin idarubicin mesalamine diflunisal balsalazide enobosarm losartan eprosartan azosemide

piboserod reserpine danusertib tozasertib pumosetrag ondansetron granisetron lurosetron barusiban pirsidomine molsidomine linsidomine lurasidone ziprasidone somatrem somatropin sometribove sometripor

-siban -sidomine

oxytocin antagonists antianginals (sydnone derivatives)

-sidone somsom- -bove som- -por

antipsychotic with binding activity on serotonin (5HT2A) and dopamine (D2) receptors growth hormone derivatives bovine somatotropin derivatives porcine somatotropin derivatives

26

somagrepor -sonan -spirone -spodar -sporin -stat-, -stat or -statsubgroups: -castat -elestat -folastat -gacestat -glustat -inostat -lanstat -listat -mastat -(a)mostat -quistat -restat- or -restat -telstat -tiostat -tristat dopamine -hydrolase (DBH) inhibitors elastase inhibitors folate hydrolose (also called PSMA) inhibitors gamma secretase inhibitors glucosyltransferase inhibitors inhibitors of histone deacetylase lanosterol 14-demethylase inhibitors gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors matrix metalloprotease inhibitors proteolytic enzyme inhibitors squalene synthase inhibitors aldose-reductase inhibitors telomerase inhibitors glutathione -s- transferase inhibitors tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors nepicastat sivelestat iofolastat I 123 semagacestat miglustat dacinostat azalanstat cetilistat batimastat nafamostat lapaquistat ponalrestat tolrestat imetelstat ezatiostat hydrochloride telotristat 5-HT1B receptor antagonists anxiolytics (buspirone type) (see -dar) (see closporin) enzyme inhibitors elzasonan zalospirone tiospirone

27

-vastatin

antihyperlipidemics (HMG-CoA inhibitors)

atorvastatin lovastatin pravastatin febuxostat benurestat cilastatin pepstatin testosterone epristeride fenasteride quilostigmine teserstigmine

-xostat (other series members)

xanthine oxydase and xanthine urease inhibitor renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor pepsin inhibitor

-ster-steride -stigmine -stim subgroups: -distim -gramostim

steroids (androgens, anabolics) testosterone reductase inhibitors cholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine type) colony-stimulating factors

conjugates of two different types of colony-stimulating factors granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factors (GM-CSF)

milodistim molgramostim regramostim sargramostim ecogramostim filgrastim lenograstim mirimostim daniplestim licostinel indisulam

-grastim -mostim -plestim -stinel -sulam

granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF) interleukin 3 derivatives; pleiotropic colony-stimulating factors (Nmethyl-D-asparate) NMDA receptor antagonist, glycine recognition site antineoplastics, apoptosis inducing sulfonamide

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sulfa-sulfan -lind subgroups: -sulind -tansine -tant subgroups: -dutant -netant -pitant

antimicrobials (sulfonamides derivatives) antineoplastics, alkylating agents (methanesulfonate derivatives) pro-apoptotic cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors

sulfasalazine busulfan ractalind

antineoplastics, sulindac metabolites maytansinoid derivatives tachykinin (neurokinin) receptor antagonists

exisulind dractalind mertansine emtansine

NK2 receptor antagonists NK3 receptor antagonists NK1 receptor antagonists

saredutant osanetant dapitant zinapitant lanepitant implitapide paclitaxel topotecan irinotecan becatecarin azetepa

-tapide -taxel -tecan -tecarin -tepa -teplase -termin -terol

microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors antineoplastics, taxane derivatives antineoplastics (camptothecine derivatives) antineoplastics (rebeccamycin derivatives) antineoplastics (thiotepa derivatives) (see -ase) (see -ermin) bronchodilators (phenethylamine derivatives)

albuterol

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-tesind -texafin -thiazide -tiapine -tiazem

thymidilate synthetase inhibitors (benzindole derivatives) texaphryn derivatives diuretics (thiazide derivatives) antipsychotics (dibenzothiazepine derivatives) calcium channel blockers (diltiazem type)

metesind motexafin chlorothiazide quitiapine diltiazem clentiazem iprotiazem icatibant octreotide

-tibant -tide subgroups: -actide -fibatide -gaptide -glutide -lintide -murtide -netide -paratide -potide -pultide -ritide -zotide

antiasthmatics (bradykinin antagonists) peptides

synthetic corticotropins platelet aggregation inhibitors (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists) gap junction protein channel modulators GLP peptide analogs amylin derivatives or mimics peptides with muranic acid present neurologic indications parathyroid hormone related peptide peptides with prostate cancer indications peptides used as pulmonary surfactants atrial natriuretic type substances zonulin antagonists

seractide eptifibatide rotigaptide liraglutide pramlintide mifamurtide davunetide semparatide tigapotide sinapultide cenderitide larazotide

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-tidine

H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine type) donetidine tyrosine kinase inhibitors (see -relin) antihyperlipidemic, thyromimetic derivatives oxytocin derivatives BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) inhibitors antiepileptics (hydantoin derivatives) TLR4 receptor antagonists toxins selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) aP2 inhibitors antimetabolites (folic acid derivatives) antineoplastic thymidylate synthetase inhibitors

lupitidine ranitidine

-tinib -tirelin -tirome -tocin -toclax -toin -toran -tox(a)-traline -traposin -trexate -trexed

canertinib, mubritinib

sobetirome oxytocin obatoclax mesylate albutoin eritoran urtoxazumab sertraline seltraposin methotrexate pemetrexed ralitrexed nolatrexed mepartricin candoxatril candoxatrilat

-tricin -tril/-trilat subgroup: -patril/ -patrilat -triptan

antibiotics (polyene derivatives) endopeptidase inhibitors

ACE (angiotensin-1 converting enzyme) and NEP (neutral endopeptidase) inhibitors antimigraine agents (5-HT1 receptor agonists); sumatriptan derivatives antidepressants (dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptane

omapatrilat naratriptan oxitriptan sumatriptan amitriptyline

-triptyline

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derivatives) -troban antithrombotics (thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists) (see -ast) antipsychotics (dopamine D2 antagonists) thrombopoetin agonists atropine derivatives mucosal tolerance inhibitors (see -ase) uracil derivatives used as thyroid antagonists and as antineoplastics urate transporter (e.g., URAT 1) inhibitors pentamidine derivatives/analogues antivirals; antineoplastics (uridine derivatives) vasopressin receptor antagonists (see -stat) spasmolytic agents (papaverine type) vinca alkaloids antivirals mebeverine fluorouracil lesinurad pafuramidine idoxuridine conivaptan relcovaptan carvotroline gevotroline eltrombopag benztropine daltroban sulotroban

-trodast -troline -trombopag trop- or -trop-uclin -uplase -uracil -urad -(ur)amidine -uridine -vaptan -vastatin -verine vin- or -vinvir-, -viror -vir

vinepidine apovincamine ganciclovir enviradine viroxime alvircept delavirdine

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subgroups: -amivir -buvir -cavir -cyclovir/ -ciclovir -gosivir -navir neuraminidase inhibitors RNA polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor carbocyclic nucleosides antivirals (acyclovir type) zanamivir nesbuvir lobucavir desciclovir famciclovir penciclovir celgosivir droxinavir indinavir ritonavir boceprevir, telaprevir alisporivir elvitegravir

glucosidase inhibitor HIV protease inhibitors (saquinavir type)

-previr -sporivir -tegravir -virenz

serine protease inhibitors cyclosporine derivatives integrase inhibitors

antivirals (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; efavirenz benzoxazinone derivatives) (see -cept) (see virine) (see vir) antiviral, disrupts viral maturation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, not benzoxazinone derivatives CCR5 antagonists CCR5 antagonists, immunomodulators antineoplastics; antivirals (zidovudine group) (exception: edoxudine) bevirimat rilpivirine maraviroc ancriviroc stavudine lamivudine

-vircept -virdine -virenz -virimat -virine -viroc -criviroc -vudine

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alovudine -xaban -xanox -(x)antrone -zolamide -zolast -zolid antithrombotic: blood coagulation factor XA inhibitors antiallergic respiratory tract drugs (xanoxic acid derivatives) antineoplastics, mitoxantrone derivatives aza-anthracenedione class of antitumor agents carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (see -ast) oxazolidinone antibacterials eperezolid linezolid bortezomib robalzotan sarizotan ibalzotan lecozotan tamixaban tixanox pixantrone brinzolamide dorzolamide sezolamide

-zomib -zotan

proteozome inhibitors 5-HT1A receptor agonists/antagonists acting primarily as neuroprotectors

*This list represents common stems for which chemical and/or pharmacologic parameters have been established. These stems and their definitions have been approved by the USAN Council and are recommended for use in coining new nonproprietary names for drugs that belong to an established series of related agents. The list is not exhaustive in that it does not include all stems used by the Council and other national or international nomenclature groups. It is the nature of the nomenclature process that new, potential stems are constantly being created and that definitions of older stems may need to be modified as new information becomes available. 2/12

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