APPENDIX 1 FIRST GROUP The Effect of a Change in Concentration Purpose : to study the effect of adding of ions Fe3+ and

ions SCN- to the equilibrium reaction. ( ) ( ) ( ) Materials and Equipments: 1. Beaker glass 2. Three test tubes 3. Test-tubes rack 4. Pipettes 5. Solution of 0.2 M and KSCN 0.2 M 6. Aquadest Procedure: 1. Mix the solution like the pictures, stirred, and then divide into four test tubes.

2. Add 5 drops and KSCN into the 2nd, and 3rd, test tubes. Compare the color of solution with the basic color.

Observation Table Solutions color after addition = KSCN =

Causing the color Shift direction change .. . .

Questions 1. Where the site of shift direction the equilibrium if the reactants concentration are increased? Why? 2. Where the site of shift direction the equilibrium if the reactants concentration are decreased? Why? 3. What are the conclutions?

Cond APPENDIX 1 SECOND GROUP The Effect of a Change in Temperature Purpose : to study the effect of temperature on the NO2 and N2O4 equilibrium system Materials and Equipments: 1. Two test tubes with sealed and containing NO2 and N2O4 gases mixture 2. Ice bath at about 0oC 3. Hot water at about 90oC Procedures: 1. Compare the color of two test tubes containing NO2 and N2O4 gases mixture, 2. Place one of the test tubes in an ice bath and compare the color of gas in the test tube at room temperature, 3. Remove the test tube from the ice bath and place it in a hot water bath. Compare the color of gas in the test tube with that in the test tube at room temperature. Processing of Results and Questions: 1. Based on your observations determine whether the forward reaction of the following equilibrium is exothermic or endothermic? N2O4(g) 2 NO2(g) 2. Explain the effect of temperature on NO2 and N2O4 equilibrium system! 3. What are the conclutions?

Cond APPENDIX 1 THIRD GROUP The Effect of Changing the Volume and Pressure of Gaseous System Purpose : to study the effect volume and pressure on the Material and Equipment Large transparent gas syringe with sealed and containing and equilibrium system

and

gases mixture

Procedures: 1. Carefully observe the color intensity of the and gases mixture in the syringe, 2. Push in the gas syringe quickly so that volume of the gases mixture decreases. Note the immediate change in color intensity of the gases mixture, 3. Carefully observe the change in color intensity which occurs after over several minutes after the immediate color change. Processing of Results and Questions: 1. Based on the color change which occurred after the volume was reduced, identify the direction of the shift of equilibrium! 2. What happened to the concentration of the two gases immediately after the volume is reduced? 3. What are the conclutions?