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Form 4

Physics
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The study of matter

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Chapter 2: Forces & Motion

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Physics: Chapter 2
Objectives:
(what you will learn)

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1)
2) 3)

understanding Motion
understanding Momentum understanding Forces

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Motion
Distance = amount of space between 2 places Displacement = distance from a particular point Speed = distance traveled per unit of time

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Speed = distance, m s-1 time

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Velocity = displacement per unit of time Velocity = displacement , m s-1 time

Acceleration = rate of changes in velocity

Acceleration = velocity , m s-2 time
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Deceleration = retardation = negative acceleration

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Motion
Equations of motion: v = u + at v2 = u2 + 2as s = ut + at2
Inertia = tendency of things to resist changes in motion

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Momentum = mass x velocity

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Law of Conservation of Momentum

When 2 or more objects act upon each other, their total momentum remains constant; if no external forces are acting.

Impulse = changes in momentum = mv mu = Ft

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Impulsive force = rate of change of momentum (in a collision or explosion)

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Newtons Law
Newtons First Law
Every object continue in its state of rest or motion in straight line, unless it is compelled to change by forces acting on it.

Newtons Second Law

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The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, in the direction of the net force, and inversely proportional to its mass.

F = ma Newtons Third Law

Whenever an object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

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F1

F2

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Forces & Motion

Free fall = motion under the influence of gravitational pull only. The acceleration of free fall is g. Earths gravitational field strength (g) is 10 N/kg. Weight is the force due to gravity on an object. Weight (W) is the product of mass (m) and acceleration due to gravity (g).

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W = mg Forces in equilibrium = balanced forces = resultant force = 0 (The acceleration of the object is zero) Unbalanced forces = single force = resultant force

Work = force x distance

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Unit is kg m2 s-2 or Joule (J)

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Forces & Motion

All moving objects have kinetic energy (KE) which is due to motion. KE = mv2 Gravitational potential energy is the work done when an object dropped because of downward gravitational pull. PEgravity = mgh

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Elastic potential energy is work done to stretch or compress a spring or a rubber. PEelastic = Fx
Law of conservation of energy Energy cannot be made or destroyed, but can change from one form to another.

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Efficiency =

Useful energy output X 100% Energy input

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Forces & Motion

Power = rate at which work is done (unit in watt, W)

Power =

Work done Time taken

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Elasticity
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The property of changing shape when a deforming force acts on an object & returning to the original shape when the force is removed.

Hookes Law

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The amount of stretch or compression is directly proportional to the applied force, F.

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Summary
What you have learned:

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1. 2. 3.

Understanding Motion Understanding Momentum Understanding Forces

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Thank You