HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

Digestive System
Tongue 53- Filiform Papillae 54- Fungiform Papillae 55- Circumvallate Papilla Conical shape Mushroom shape SS partially keratinised SSNK SSNK No taste bud Taste bud on apical surface Taste bud on lateral surface Intrinsic muscles of tongue (skeletal muscle) longitudinal, transverse, vertical Salivary Glands 99 - Parotid Compound tubuloacinar gland Capsule & septa Serous acini Adipocyte Esophagus Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Adventitia 60 - Upper Esophagus SSNK epithelium Esophageal glands 2 layers SM CL* Of skeletal muscles 59 - Lower Esophagus SSNK epithelium Prominent muscularis mucosae Esophageal glands 2 layers SM CL Of smooth muscles 98 - Submandibular Compound tubuloacinar gland Capsule & septa Serous acini > Mucous acini Mucous acini capped with serous demilune Less adipocyte 100 - Sublingual Compound tubuloacinar gland Capsule & septa Mucous acini > Serous acini Mucous acini capped with serous demilune No adipocyte

*inner circular, outer longitudinal

61 - Esophageal-stomach Junction SSNK SC epithelium No rugae rugae Smooth muscles 2 layers 3 layers Gastric pits and gastric glands in stomach part Stomach Mucosa 62 - Stomach : Fundus Prominent rugae SC epithelium Short gastric pits Long fundic glands 63 - Stomach : Pyloric Reion Prominent rugae SC epithelium Deep gastric pits Short pyloric glands

64 - Pyloric-duodenal Junction Rugae Villi Pyloric glands crypts of Lieberkhn (intestinal glands) Brunners gland (duodenal glands) in duodenal part No goblet cells goblet cells Smooth muscles 3 layers 2 layers
Chee Wei 2005 1

HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

Small intestine Mucosa Submucosa ** 65- Duodenum SC + G * Intestinal villi

crypts of Lieberkhn

66- Jejunum SC + G Intestinal villi

crypts of Lieberkhn

67- Ileum SC + G Intestinal villi

crypts of Lieberkhn Peyers patches (from
lamina propria of mucosa)

Brunners gland

*simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells **emphasize this characteristic feature first!! Other features of small intestine (Muscularis externa - 2 layers SM CL; Serosa) no need to emphasize.

68 - Vermiform Appendix Lymphatic nodules in submucosa SC + G No villus Crypts of Lieberkhn

(Muscularis externa - 2 layers SM CL; Serosa)

mucosa

69 - Large intestine (Colon) Taeniae coli SC + G No villus crypts of Lieberkhn 70 - Pancreas Capsule and Septa
A) Endocrine pancreas:

mucosa

(Muscularis externa - 2 layers SM C, L Taeniae coli; Serosa)

Islets of Langehans
B) Exocrine pancreas:

Compound tubuloacinar serous gland Duct system intercalated (short) intralobular interlobular main pancreatic duct 71 - Liver Central vein in the center of lobule Portal triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, bile ducts) in the lobule periphery Incomplete capsule and septa Plates of hepatic cells + hepatic sinusoids radiate from central veins toward periphery 72 - Gall bladder 3 layers of gall bladder wall mucosa, muscularis, adventitia/serosa (submucosa absent) Temporary mucosal folds SC epithelium with striated border

Chee Wei 2005

HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

Reproductive System
88 - Testis Seminiferous tubule with stratified spermatogenic cells Sertoli cells Interstitial Leydig cells Tunica albuginea 89 - Epididymis Spermatozoa in lumen Pseudostratified columnar epi (stereociliated) Efferent ductules with irregular lumen 90 - Vas (ductus) deferens Deep longitudinal mucosal fold Pseudostratified columnar epi (stereociliated) 3 muscularis layers LCL 91 - Seminal vesicle Irrergular primary & secondary mucosal fold Glandular epi - Pseudostratified columnar epi 2 muscularis layers CL 92 - Prostate gland Capsule & septae Glandular epi - Pseudostratified columnar epi Fibromuscular stroma Ejaculatory duct, prostatic sinus and utricle Tubuloacinar gland Where the sperm traveled seminiferous tubules straight tubules rete testis efferent tubules epididymis (head of epididymis , ductus epididymis) vas deferens ejaculatory ducts urethra

Chee Wei 2005

HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

80 - Ovary Tunica albuginea Surface epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium Cortex developing follicles Medulla blood vessels, dense irregular CT 81 - Uterine tube Branching longitudinal mucosal fold Simple columnar epithelium (ciliated) 2 muscularis layers CL Uterus 83 - Proliferative phase Simple columnar epithelium Endometrium functionalis & basalis Uterine gland in lamina propria Very thick myometrium 84 - Menstrual phase No simple columnar epithelium Endometrium basalis Less uterine gland in lamina propria

85 - Cervix Endocervix mucosal fold of endometrium Cervix-vaginal junction - simple columnar epithelium SSNK Mucus secreting columnar epithelium Cervical gland in lamina propria Unarranged smooth muscle layer 82 -Vagina SSNK Mucosa, lamina propria, muscularis externa, adventitia No gland 2 muscularis layers cl 86 - Placenta Maternal part decidua basalis Fetal part anchoring & floating villi Syncytiotrophoblast Mammary gland 48 - Active Secretory cells low cuboidal Less interlobular adipocyte Less intralobular loose CT More alveoli, less duct system 47 - Inactive Secretory cells tall cuboidal More interlobular adipocyte More intralobular loose CT More duct system, less alveoli

Chee Wei 2005

HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

Endocrine System
75 - Adrenal glands Capsule Cortex GFR Medulla central vein 94 - Hypophysis Capsule Pars distalis- chromophobes , chromophils Pars intermedia colloidal follicle Pars nervosa pituicytes , Herring bodies 95 - Thyroid glands Capsule & septae Thyroid follicle with colloid in lumen Thyroid follicular epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium Parafollicular cells 96 - Parathyroid glands Capsule & septae Abundant adipocytes Abundant chief cells & oxyphil cells 76 - Pineal gland Brain sand Pinealocytes Neuroglia

Muscle Tissues
38 - Cardiac Muscle Single centrally located nucleus Striated muscle fibers Intercalated discs Branching fibers 12 - Skeletal Muscle Multiple peripherally located nuclei Long striated non-branching muscle fibers No intercalated disc A band & I band clearly visible 11 - Smooth Muscle Single centrally located nucleus Spindle shaped muscle cells Non striated muscle cells No intercalated disc
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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

Central Nervous System

28 - Spinal Cord Central canal Inner grey matter - cell body Outer white matter - myelinated fibers Level 29 - Cervical 30 - Thoracic 31 - Lumbar 32 - Sacral Shape Oval Round Round-oval Round Anterior horns Posterior horns Long slender Very large Lateral horns Absent Present Present Absent

21, 22, 23 - Cerebral cortex 20 - postcentral gyrus - 6 cortical layers :molecular external granular pyramidal internal granular internal pyramidal multiform cell layer - Pyramidal cells - 3 meningeal layers Dura, arachnoid, pia mater 25 - Cerebellum 3 cortical layers :molecular layer - stellate cells, basket cells purkinje layer - purkinje cells granular layer - granule cells 24 - Choroid plexus Blood capillaries Ependyma - Simple cuboidal epithelium (formed by CT from pia mater) 27 - Pons Myelinated nerve fibers Transverse fibers Pontine nuclei Pia mater Arachnoid mater 26 - Medulla oblongata Cell bodies large rounded nuclei Neuroglia small nuclei

Chee Wei 2005

HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

Lymphoid System
40 - Lymph Nodes Capsule & trabeculae Subcapsular sinus Primary & secondary lymphoid nodules in cortex Medullary cords in medulla 42 - Thymus Hassalls corpuscles in medulla Capsule & trabeulae Incomplete lobulation Each lobule has cortex & medulla 41 - Spleen Capsule & trabeulae Red pulp Billroth (splenic) cords White pulp Malphigian (splenic) corpuscles with central arteriole 97 - Palatine Tonsil Tonsillar crypts Partially capsulated SSNK Primary & secondary lymphoid nodules

Respiratory System
57 - Vocal cord vocal cord vestibular fold, ventricle, vocal fold vocal fold SSNK vestibular fold PSCC+G 58 - Epiglottis Anterior surface and half of posterior surface is SSNK The other half of posterior surface is PSCC+G Lamina propria glands Elastic cartilage 50 - Trachea PSCC+G C shape cartilage Trachealis smooth muscle posteriorly

Chee Wei 2005

HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

51 - Lung Alveolar sacs & ducts Alveoli simple squamous epithelium Intrapulmonary arteries and veins Visceral pleura

Urinary System
74 - Kidney Cortex - Renal corpuscles Simple squamous epithelium Medullary rays Convoluted tubules Medulla - Pyramid Renal column 78 - Ureter Stellate shape lumen 3 muscularis layers - LCL Transitional epithelium 77 - Urinary bladder Transitional epithelium Lamina propria thrown into mucosal folds 3 layers of detrusor musles LCL 79 - Prostatic Urethra Transitional epithelium Lamina propria with loose CT Irregular lumen 7 - Transitional Epitelium Thick luminal membrane Dome shaped luminal cells Cuboidal basal cells Some cells are binuclear

Integumentary System
46 - Thick Skin Thick epidermis 5 layers (BAS GLUCO) Sweat glands No hair follicle, no sebaceous gland More adipose tissue in hypodermis

Chee Wei 2005

HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

44, 45 - Thin Skin Thin epidermis 3 layers (BAS CO) Sweat glands, hair follicle, sebaceous glands in dermis Sweat glands, hair follicle in hypodermis Less adipose tissue in hypodermis

Cardiovascular system
34, 35 - Aorta (Elastic artery) IEM not clearly seen - Tunica intima and tunica media difficult to distinguish Tunica media mainly elastic fibers Tunica adventitia thin 36 - Artery (Muscular artery) IEM clearly seen Tunica media mainly SM fibers Tunica adventitia thick 37 - Vein No IEM, no EEM Tunica intima and tunica media - thin Tunica adventitia thick 39 - Purkinje Fibers Pale staining contain glycogen Myofibrils in the periphery Located in subendocardial layers

General
8 - Tendon Avascular Homogenous Fibroblasts 10 - Elastic Cartilage Elastic fibers Avascular Non-homogenous Lacuna with chondrocytes 9 - Hyaline Cartilage Collagen fibers Homogenous Lacuna with chondrocytes

Chee Wei 2005

HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE

16 - Compact bone Haversian system a central canal with concentric lamellae Lacunae in between lamellae Canaliculi radiate form lamellae

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