Vocabulario de Ingls Tcnico Vocabulario del Captulo 4 Replies to enquiries 1.

Adaptability: Ability to be used for more than one purpose; adaptable; adapt. 2. Balance: Remainder. 3. Bargain: Something obtained at a price below its value; negotiate a price. 4. Become effective: Begin to operate. 5. Bulk purchase: Buying in large quantities. 6. Call on: To visit. 7. Consignment: goods packed together and sent from seller to buyer. 8. Condensation: drops of liquid forming, due to heat. 9. Contract Supplies: large quantities ordered under contract. 10.Demand: Number of orders. 11.Discount: Reduction in price allowed by the seller. 12.Draft: An order for payment, drawn up by a bank. 13.Entail: To cause, involve. 14.Evidently: Clearly, obviously. 15.Excessive: Too much. 16.Expendable: short lived, not durable. 17.The fashionable trade: business in high quality clothes. 18.Firm for five days: open for five days. 19.Firm order: definite order. 20.Grant: To allow. 21.If Stocks are cleared: If all goods are sold. 22.If you could see your way to increasing: if you agree to increase. 23.In stock: Available, ready for delivery. 24.In strict Rotation: In the very same order in which they arrive. 25.Keep pace with: Produce fast enough to meet. De acuerdo a la demanda.

26.Knowhow: Specialized knowledge, expertise. 27.Liberal: Generous. 28.Lines: Products, or groups of products. 29.Negotiate: discuss (terms, conditions) 30.Ousted: Taken the place of. 31.Overstocking: Ordering more than can be sold. 32.Premises: Buildings or offices where a business is carried on. 33. Pro-forma invoice: Invoice enabling a customer to see how much a

consignment will cost. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. Promote a product: Make the public aware of a product. Prospective: potential. Range: Selection of different products. Replenish: Replaced what has been consumed. Robust: Strong. Sales Literature: advertising material. Settlement: Payment. Sustain: To keep up, maintain. Withstand: Resist. Working to capacity: Fully occupied. Trade terms: prices paid by the dealer. Transparencies: pictures projected onto a screen. Ultra-lightweight: very light in deed. Vintages: wines from grapes of particular years. Well up to: at least as good as. Without any obligation: free form any need to buy. Withstand: resist. Working to capacity: fully occupied.

Vocabulario del Captulo 5 Orders and Execution of orders

52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.

Alternative: Another possibility. Bear in mind: Remember, consider. Content: Proportion, percentage. Contents: what is contained in something. Discretion: Judgment. Extend: To make longer or larger, extension, extensive. Indent: Order, one of a series of orders from a regular customer. In the right frame of mind: Contented, in a good mood. Keen competition: Hard Competition. Keen price: Competitive price. We are keen to help you: we are eager to help you. Keep it for further reference: keep it so we can consult it later. Match: Be similar to, harmonize with. Observance of: paying attention to; acting in accordance with. Pending: Awaiting Reject: To refuse to accept. Seconds: Goods which cannot be sold as perfect Slump: Rapid fall. Substitute: alternative offered if the article ordered is not available. Vouch for: To express confidence in.

Vocabulario del Captulo 7 Invoicing and Accounting 72.Discrepancy: error, disagreement. 73.Carriage: freight, cost of transport. 74.Warrant: justify, entitle us to. 75.To query: to question, raise a question.

76.To waive: to cancel, to overlook. 77.Clerical error: office error. 78.Outstanding: unpaid. 79.Current liability: present debt, last account. 80.60 d/s: 60 days after sight. 81.Meet: pay. 82.Punctually met: paid when due. 83.Without responsibility: no responsibility can be accepted. 84.Overbuying: buying more than they can pay for. 85.Kept: (in this case) paid promptly. Vocabulario del Captulo 9 Banking and payments in foreign trade 86.Current Account: the account into which a client pays his trading receipts and on which he draws his checks. No interest is paid on a current account. 87.Deposit Account: surplus funds from the current account are held in this, and receive interest. 88.Interest: the charge or profit due for lending money. 89.Loan: Money lent, lend, borrow. Lender, borrower. Banks lend to their customers. Customers borrow from their banks. 90.Cheque: an order in writing from a person to his bank to pay on demand a certain sum to a named person. 91.Bill of exchange: an order in writing from one person to a bank or to another person, to pay on demand or at a given date, a certain sum to the person named in the bill. 92.Letter of credit: an arrangement with a bank by means of which a buyer guarantees payment to a seller on fulfillment by the seller of certain agreed conditions. 93.Draft: a document use to draw money from a source. Sometimes used to refer to the money itself. 94.Bankers draft: a draft or cheque drawn by one bank on another. 95.Bankers transfer: transfer of money from the bank account of a debtor to the bank account of his creditor by order of the debtor. 96.Overdraft: a debit balance on the bank customers current account. 97.Security: a document of value given as cover for a loan. 98.Trustee: person appointed to protect the interests and property of a person unable to do so for himself.

99.Executor: person appointed to carry out the wishes of another person deceased. Vocabulario: terminology of drafts 100.Acceptance: an accepted bill; the act of accepting. 101.Agent: any person who acts, under authority, for another person. 102.Beneficiary: the person benefiting by a draft. 103.Clean B/E: a bill of exchange without documents. 104.Clean B/L: a bill of lading for goods in good condition. 105.Commission: a charge made on a percentage basis for services. 106.Copies: reproductions of a document. 107.Correspondent: sometimes this term is used for a bank which acts as an agent for another bank. 108.Days of grace: 3 days extra in which to settle a time bill. 109.Defaulter: a person who fails to pay a debt. 110.Documentary Draft: a B/E attached to shipping documents. 111.Domiciliation: the depositing of a bill by a drawee with a bank for payment when due. 112.Drawerlee: a drawer is the person who draws a bill; a drawee is the person drawn upon. 113.Due date: the date by which a bill must be paid. 114.Dues: another word for money due for services. 115.Endorse: to sign a document (cheque, bill) passing rights in it to another person. 116.Evidence: to prove; to show proof. 117.Expire (to): to come to an end; to be no longer valid. 118.Extend (to): to make a document valid for a longer period. 119.Honour (to): to pay bill when due; to fulfill an obligation or meet liability. 120.Indemnify (to): to compensate a person or free him from liability. 121.Irrevocable Credit: a credit which cannot be cancelled. 122.Letter of hypothecation: a letter given by an exporter to a bank when money is lent against goods shipped. 123.Negotiate (to): to sell, or to discount a bill. 124.Payerlee: payer- one who pays; payee one who receives. 125.Present (to): to send a B/E to the drawee for payment. 126.Proceeds: the money received from a sale.

127.Prosecute (to): to take legal action against a person when law is transgressed. 128.Protection: please pay when due. 129.Protest (to): to notify publicly the non-payment of a B/E so that legal action can be taken. 130.Re-imburse (to): pay back money spent by a person on ones behalf. 131.Remit (to): to send money. 132.Renew (to): to issue again; extend; make valid again. 133.Security: documents or valuables given as cover for loan. 134.Stamp duty: tax payable on certain documents. 135.Sue (to): to take legal action for non-payment. 136.Surrender (to): to hand over, or give up, documents. 137.Valid: effective; in order; having force. Vocabulario: INSURANCE TERMS 138.Insurers: name given to the people who undertake to indemnify the insured. 139.Insured: owners of the goods, whether sellers or buyers, who pay what is called a premium to the insurers. 140.Underwriters: another word to call insurers; to underwrite the proportion of the indemnification they are prepared to bear. 141.Floating Policy: policy that covers a large quantity of goods for a fairly long period. 142.Open Cover: a procedure of insurance by which there is a rather arrangement between the insurer and the insured. 143.Cover note: is a small document issued by the insurance agents to their customers, to tell them that their goods are insured. 144.Premium: name given to the sum of money paid by the firm insuring its goods, and it is quoted as a percentage.

Vocabulario: Capitulo 11. Complaints and replies to complaints 145.Awkward: difficult, inconvenient. 146.Bulk: the goods delivered in a sale by sample; the majority, most of the goods. 147.Check up: to see is everything is all right. 148.Cope with: to manage, but always with some difficulty.

149.Dispose of: to get rid of; to sell 150.Finish: the completed surface of the article or material. 151.Item: used only to refer to something in a list, in a catalogue. 152.Line: the kind of material or article dealt in or made, the kind of business. 153.Missing: what is not there but should be. 154.Pilferage: Petty theft. 155.Replacement: In the case of breakage or wrong delivery another consignment of the goods ordered is sent to take place of the broken, damaged or wrongly delivered goods. 156.Staff: the employees. 157.Substantial: Big, large. 158.Take for granted: to presume. 159.Texture: structure of material, thickness, weave of fabric. 160.Viewpoint: point of view. Vocabulario: Types of documents 161.User Manual: It tells you how a piece of equipment Works. 162.Letter: A paper communication which goes by email. 163.Memo: An internal message usually from one person to a group of people. 164.Sales Brochure: It gives information about the companys products 165.Sales Report: It contains figures on how much money people have spent on the companys products in, for example, a month. 166.Fax: A message sent by facsimile machine. 167.Contract: A legal Agreement between two parties. 168.Invoice: The paper which tells you how much you must pay when you buy something from a company. 169.Order form: A paper which fill in when you want to buy something from a company. 170.Annual Report: A document which tells you about the companys performance over the year, including the accounts for the year. 171.Mailshot: It tells possible customers, for example, about new product or service. 172.Newsletter: It tells people Usually people outside the company about the life organization. 173.In-house magazine: It tells people - Usually people inside the company about the life organization.

174.Minutes: A report of a meeting. 175.Agenda: A list of things to discuss at a meeting. 176.Catalogue: A list of things sold by a company. 177.Directory: A book with list of telephone numbers or other information.

ECONOMIC TERMS 178.Central Bank: The principal national banking authority. 179.Exchange Rate: The value of national currency against other currencies. 180.Inflation: A measure of retail price increases. 181.Interest Rates: The annual cost of borrowing money from a Bank. 182.Invisible Earnings: Income in foreign currency for services such as banking, insurance, tourism 183.Manufacturing industry: The part of the economy that makes products and changes raw materials into products. 184.National Debt: The total amount of money that a government owes. 185.Public sector borrowing requirement: The money a government needs to borrow to pay for what it does. 186.Public spending: Government Spending. 187.Service sector: The part of the economy that does not make goods. Also known as the tertiary sector. 188.Training: Education and skills development for young people and the unemployed. 189.Unemployment Rate: The number, or percentage of people out of work.

Financial planning terms 190.Break-even point: is the amount of sales a company needs to cover all costs. 191.Gross Profit Margin: is the profit the business makes before costs are considered. 192.Profitability: shows how a business might make profits. 193.Turnover: is the total amount of sales, before costs are deducted. 194.Core activity: is the main product or service which the business provides. 195.Setting-up costs: are the costs involved in creating a new business 196.Overheads: are the normal costs of a business, which do not change if production rises.

197.Net Profit Margin: is a calculation of profit after deducting the cost of sales and overheads. 198.Cost of sales: are all the costs directly associated with producing the products. 199.Selling costs: are all costs directly concerned with getting customers to bye products and moving them to the customer.

Financial Documents:

200.Profit and Loss Account: a formal description of income and costs for a time period that has finished. 201.Balance Sheet: a formal description of a companys financial position at a specified moment. 202.Cash Budget: a plan of cash income and cash spending for a specific period of time. 203.Share certificate: a document which represents a part of the total stock value of a company and which shows who owns it. 204.Tender: a formal letter with an offer to supply goods or services, containing a description of the project, including costs, materials, personnel, time plans, etc. 205.Business plan: a description of the ways a new business hopes to make money, showing possible income and expenditure. 206.Insurance certificate: a document which states that a named person has paid for protection against accidental loss or damage of goods or property. 207.Letter of credit: an official notification from a bank that it will lend money to a customer.

MARKETS TERMS

208.Expansion: getting bigger, growth. 209.Opportunity: chance to do something. 210.Previously: before. 211.Unprofitable: not making any money. 212.Passenger: someone who travels in a car, train, boat or plane. 213.Average: typical or usual.

WEB TERMS

214.Shift: move. 215.Media: television, radio, magazines, newspapers, internet, etc. 216.Alternatives: different options or choices. 217.Forecasters: people who say what they think will happen in the future. 218.Overtake: be more than. 219.Declined: got smaller, went down.

MARKETING PLANNING TERMS:

220.Domestic Market: the market consisting of the country where a company is based and no other countries. 221.Threats: factors which may have a negative effect on company performance, but which are outside the companys control and are indentified during analysis of marketing performance and prospects. 222.Franchise: a contract which allows another company to make your product and states the terms of payment 223.Pirating: the action of making illegal duplicates of copyright material. 224.Multinational: a large company with subsidiaries in many different countries. 225.Weaknesses: factors which probably negative effect on company performance are within the companys control and are identified during an analysis of marketing performance and prospects.

GLOSSARY 226.Advertising agency: a company that creates advertisements and plans an advertising campaign. 227.Advertising schedule: shows the topics planned for forthcoming issues of a magazine or newspaper. 228.Art director: the person responsible for the design and production of an advertisement. 229.Banner ad: an online advertisement at the top, bottom, or side of a website, containing a link to another website. 230.Benchmarking: comparing a product, service, or company to others in order to establish a standard. 231.Billboard: a large outdoor advertisement, often appearing alongside roads or city centres.

232.Blanket family name: a company uses a blanket family name when all its products contain the same name. 233.Brand equity: the value of a brand. 234.Brand loyalty: a strong consumer preference for one brand. 235.Brand Values: the values according to which a company makes its decisions related to that brand. 236.Break-even point: the point at which the volume of revenues equals the companys total expenses. 237.Bulk discount: it is given to customers buying a large amount. 238.Branding: the process of giving a product or service a specific identity 239.Buzz: to get people talking about a product 240.Captive product pricing: charging a high amount for an item that complements a low-cost item. 241.Cash discount: a discount offered for payment in cash. 242.Circulation: the number of readers a publication reaches. 243.Copywriter: the person who writes the text for advertisements. 244.Corporate Identity: The identity of a company as formed by its name, logo, slogan and the language used by the company to describe itself. 245.Demographic information: information such as age, gender and income. 246.Direct Marketing: marketing directly to the customer using letters, leaflets, catalogues, door-to-door selling. (telemarketing) 247.Distribution channel: the route a company uses to distribute its goods. 248.Economy pricing: pricing items very low to encourage sales. 249.Field research: market research done outside the company using observation or surveys with questionnaires. 250.Focus Group: is a small group of people brought together to answer market research questions. 251.Generic: products without a brand name. 252.Geographical pricing: pricing items according to where they are being sold. 253.Giveaway: an item, such as a pen or key chain that prominently features the companys logo. 254.Going rate: the average cost of a product or service. 255.Hypermarket: a huge store containing all the features of a supermarket. 256.To launch: introduce something onto the market in an attention-getting way.

257.Market Research: process of learning about what products and services people want and what price theyre willing to pay. 258.Market segment: a group of consumers that share a similar buying behavior. 259.Market share: the percentage of the total market held by a given company. 260.Marketing plan: a detailed plan describing how a product or service will be marketed. 261.Media Mention: an item about a company in a newspaper, magazine, online publication, on television, or on the radio. 262.4 Ps: Product, price, placement and promotion. Must be considered in every marketing professional. 263.Penetration price: pricing something very low to gain market share. 264.Placement: refers to the distribution channels through which a product is sold. 265.Premium prices: pricing product or service high in order to establish it as a luxury item. 266.Press release: a short text distributed o journalists giving information on a product, event or person. 267.Price: the amount of money a product or service costs. 268.Price skimming: the practice of charging a high price for a product or service that only your company offers. 269.Price war: a competition between companies to offer the lowest prices. 270.Product endorsement: a positive comment by a satisfied customer. 271.Product life cycle: consists of four stages: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. 272.Product line: a related series of items sold by a company. 273.Product portfolio: all the products sold by a company. (product mix) 274.Promotional discount: a temporary discount offered on a product to encourage sales. 275.Psychographic information: information on a consumers lifestyle, beliefs and values. 276.Public relations officer: a public relations officer creates and maintains good relations between his or her organization and the public. 277.Rate sheet: a sheet listing the prices for advertising in a magazine, newspaper or on a website. 278.Rebranding: creating a new brand identity for a product or service. 279.Recommended retail price: the selling price suggested by the manufacturer.

280.Respondent pool: the people to whom a survey or questionnaire is sent. 281.Response rate: the percentage of people who respond to a questionnaire or a direct marketing campaign. 282.Retail store: a store where private individuals shop. 283.Slogan: a short, memorable sentence used to advertise a company product. 284.Target market: the group to which a company intends to sell. 285.Telemarketing: marketing by means of telephone calls. 286.User profile: customer information stored electronically, especially for online shoppers. 287.USP: unique selling proposition, states the unique benefit of buying or using a product. 288.Vehicle ad: an advertisement placed on a bus, train or automobile. 289.Wholesaler: a company which distributes manufacturers products to retailers and other distributors. They dont usually sell to the end-users directly.

Business Strategy Terms

290.Strategy: is a plan 291.Grow: to increase in wealth, size or importance. 292. Expansion Strategy: planned policies to make a company bigger or more successful. 293. Acquisition: to buy another company or part of a company. 294. Takeover: gaining control of a company by buying more of its shares than anyone else. 295.Joint Venture: Two or more companies or individuals with the intention of working together. 296. Consortium: is a group of people or firms who have agreed to co-operate with each other. 297. Join Forces: to work together in order to achieve a common aim. 298. Merge/merger: Merger is the joining together of two separate companies or organizations so that they become one.

299. Global Reach: ability to have customers in many different parts of the world. 300. Local Partner: companies based in foreign countries with whom they form a partnership in order to help them to start doing business in that country. International Trade Terms 301. Free Trade: to buy and sell goods without any financial restrictions such as taxes. 302. Exports: goods sold to another country and sent there. 303. Imports: products or raw materials bought from another country for use in your own country. 304. Invisible exports/imports: services such as banking, insurance and tourism. 305. Balance of payments: is the difference between the payments it makes to other countries for imports and the payments it receives from other countries for exports. 306. Exchange Rate: the amount of another countrys currency that you get in exchange for it. 307. Protectionism: policy some countrys have of helping their own industries by putting a large tax on imported goods or by restricting imports in some other way. 308. Tariff: is a tax that a government collects on goods coming into a country. 309. Customs duty: are taxes that people pay for importing and exporting goods. 310. Quota: is an official limit on the minimum or maximum number of something. 311. Domestic Market: is the market which exists within a particular country. 312. Open Market: where the goods are advertised and sold to anyone who wants to buy them. 313. World Trade Organization: is an international organization that encourages and regulates trade between its member states. Abbreviation WTO.

GLOSSARY OF SELECTED BUSINESS TERMS 314.Account: a record of financial item, usually in a journal or ledger 315.Accountant: person who keeps or adjusts accounts 316.Accounts receivable: revenue money that a company expects to come in. 317.Acronym: a word formed by the first letters of a series of words. For example: IBM for International Business Machines. 318.Ad: Abbreviated form of the word advertisement. 319.Advertising Agent: a person responsible for promoting the sale of goods and services offered by a company. 320.Appraise: to evaluate. 321.Arbitration: a settlement between two business parties usually management and the employees union. 322.Assembly line: an arrangement, often in a factory, where employees are designated a specific task in the process of putting together a certain product. 323.Assets: what a company owns as well as cash. 324.Attachment: enclosure with a letter. 325.Audiovisual: Material used in giving presentation. Can be film, projector, VCR, charts, etc. 326.Backlog: an accumulation of work not done. 327.Back order: an order not yet filled. 328.Baronial envelopes: business envelopes with a window for the address. 329.Bill: to send an account to be paid. 330.Billboard: a large signboard to advertise a product. 331.Bonds: certificates that yield interest after a specified date. 332.Bonus: a supplement to a salary. 333.Buy: purchase, acquire. 334.Bookkepping: keeping records of business transactions. 335.Bottleneck: a slowdown in the production process.

336.Branch: subsidiary of a parent company. 337.Brand name: the label identifying a product with a company. 338.Break even: to have revenues equal to costs. 339.Briefcase: attach. 340.Brochures: pamphlets, leaflets. 341.Canvassing letters: letters aimed at soliciting funds. 342.Certified Check: a check that guarantees payment. 343.Complimentary closing: a courteous expression before signing of in a letter. 344.Conglomerate: a large corporation composed of several different industries. 345.Consumers: people who will bye products for personal use. 346.Controller: person in charge of expenditures or finances for a business. 347.Cover letter: letter that accompanies a resume. 348.Creditor: a person who lends money. 349.Currency: money used in a particular country 350.Custom made: made to order. 351.Cutbacks: reductions in expenses. 352.Deficit: the amount that represents more losses than profits. 353.Discount: a reduction in a previously determined price. 354.Disks: used to store computer programs. 355.Distributor: an agent who brings the products from the manufacturer to the retailer. 356.Enclosures: documents included in the same envelope as the main document. 357.Entrepreneur: a business investor. 358.Executive secretary: secretary in a top management sector. 359.Expand: to spread out or extend: to become greater. 360.Expense account: a record of money spent.

361.Extension number: a phone connected to the main line. 362.Facilities: buildings, special rooms. 363.Fee: amount charged for a service. 364.Field: a specialized area of work. 365.Figures: in accounting numbers. 366.File: an orderly arrangement of papers. 367.Financial statement: an abstract of financial account. 368.Firm: a business company. 369.Flexible hours: changeable hours. 370.Flip chart: a large board made up of sheets of papers for writing on while giving presentations. 371.Fringe benefits: extras after salary. For example car expenses and dental care. 372.Fund-raising: a campaign to obtain money from various sources. 373.Funds: available money. 374.Gain: increase, increment, win. 375.Goals: plans for the future. 376.Goods: products. 377.Grievances: complains about unfair treatment. 378.Growth potential: the possibility for a company to expand. 379.Hard sell: pressured sells technique. 380.Headline: a title. 381.Hire: to employ, engage the services of someone for pay. 382.Improve: make or become better, advance. 383.Inventory: a list of items a company has in stock. 384.Invoice: a list of goods or services together with the charges. 385.Job description: written description of the duties of a certain job. 386.Job lot: a group of products manufactured at the same time.

387.Joint venture: two or more companies unite for a specified business transaction. 388.Justification: a report in which expenses are accounted for. 389.Keyboard: a set of keys, as on a typewriter or computer. 390.Know-how: acquired knowledge about a certain field. 391.Land-office business: a business that is growing very quickly. 392.Layout: the design. 393.Leading company: a top company. 394.Leaflets: brochures or pamphlets. 395.Leasing business: a business that rents out equipment. 396.Ledger: a special book to keep a record of expenses. 397.Letterhead: the name of a company, address and logo on business letters. 398.Liabilities: money a company owes. 399.Lose: miss, mislay, drop, be reduced. 400.Marketing representative: a person hired by a company to increase its business activities through sales and advertising. 401.Market price: what people are willing to pay for an item. 402.Merchandise: products to be sold. 403.Merge: to unite, join, combine. 404.Middleman: an agent, usually between the manufacturer and the retailer. 405.Morale: attitude, either positive or negative. 406.Mortgage: money borrowed from a bank to buy land or buildings. 407.Multinationals: corporations that have branches in several countries around the world. 408.Overstock: to have more products on the shelves than you are able to sell. 409.Overtime work: working more than regular hours. 410.Overworked: to work beyond ones capacities or job description.

411.Pallets: platforms on which to load merchandise. 412.Personnel: all the people who work in a company. 413.Policy: principle or polities within an organization. 414.Post-dated check: a bank check that is written out for payment on a future date. 415.Postscript: a note added after a writer has signed a letter. 416.Printer: machine attached to a computer to render the data on paper. 417.Procedure: a particular way of doing something, the sequence of steps to be followed. 418.Promote: to increase the sales of a product through various marketing techniques. 419.Proposal: an offer or plan presented for acceptance. 420.Public relations: a set of actions taken in order to crate a favorable image of an organization or company. 421.Qualified prospect: a potential client. 422.Questionnaire: a form distributed to the public to collect data for a study. 423.Quota: a predetermined amount of items to sell. 424.Raise: an increase in earnings. 425.Rate: the amount of something in comparison with units of something else; the price or value; cost of particular service, commodity. 426.Real state: buying and selling land and buildings. 427.Receipt: a written acknowledgement that something has been received. 428.Resume: a curriculum vitae; a summary of work experience and education. 429.Retailer: One who sells to the consumer. 430.Rooting: the path a product travels from the manufacturer to the retailer. 431.Sales pitch: a high-pressure sales talk aimed at closing a sale with a client. 432.Sales rep: sales representative.

433.Salutation: how you address someone in a letter. 434.Savings account: Money in a bank that yields interest. 435.Seminar: a short intensive training session. 436.Schedule: a list of times of events and proposed activities. 437.Share: parts of equal value into which the capital stock of a company or corporation is divided. 438.Shareholders: persons who own shares in a corporation or company. 439.Shareholding program: program to allow employees to receive shares in the company and to benefit from the companys profits. 440.Shift: working hours 9 -5, 4-12, or 12-8, for example. 441.Ship: Transport goods. 442.Stockbroker: an agent in the buying and selling of stocks and bonds. 443.Subject line: line in a business letter that indicates what the topic is. 444.Subordinate: below another person in rank, importance, or power. 445.Subsidy: money given to help corporations, usually by governments. 446.Supervisor: manager. 447.Supplies: materials and equipment necessary for running a business. 448.Survey: a study made through the analysis of questionnaires. 449.Time sheet: form to fill in the hours you worked. 450.Tip: useful information. 451.Top dollar: the highest price you can get for an item. 452.Train: to develop skills or gain knowledge. 453.Trends: tendencies, what is popular at the time; current styles. 454.Union: an organization of workers for mutual aid and protection, especially in their relations with the employers; labor union. 455.Wages: salary. 456.Warranty: a guarantee. 457.Weaken: reduce the strength.

458.Wholesale: the selling of goods in large quantities and usually at lower prices, usually to retailers. 459.Word processing: a computer program for writing documents. 460.Write copy: to write an ad 461.Revenue: is income that a company receives from its normal business activities. 462.Supply: provide; reserve of goods. 463.Timetable: calendar, schedule, program. 464.Worthwhile: useful, valuable, worthy. 465.Price cut: a reduction of the price. 466.Back us up: assist, support. 467.Drawback: disadvantage, difficulty, inconvenient. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. IMF: International Monetary Fund OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries PSBR: Public Sector Borrowing Requirement GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. EU: European Union GNP: Gross National Product OECD: Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development ASEAN: Association of South East Asian Nations IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development WWF: World Wildlife Fund UN: United Nations WHO: World Health Organization GDP: Gross Domestic Product VAT: Value Added Tax PLC: Public Limited Company

16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

Ltd: Limited & Co.: and company CWO: Cash With Order COD: Cash on Delivery C.I.F.: Cost, Insurance, Freight. PAYE: Pay As You Earn P/e ratio: price/earnings ratio P & L account: Profit and Loss Account Invoicing and Accounting Abbreviations

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

Dr.: Debit Cr.: Credit A/C: account c/f: carried forward. b/f: brought forward Bal.: balance c.w.o.: cash with order, N/C: no charge. Otras abreviaciones

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

FYI: For Your Information CEO: Chief Executive Officer VP: Vice President HR: Human Resources R&D: Research and Development AGM: Annual General Meeting ASAP: As Soon As Possible n/a: not available PA: Personal Assistant

41.

OK: All right

VAS: VALUE ADDED SERVICE D/P:Documents against payment D/A: Documents against acceptance