Airspace Integration GBSAA

Ground Based Sense and Avoid

Brian Patterson, CW5
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C: Distribution authorized to U.S Government agencies and their contractors: Administrative or Operational Use, 21 Apr 2009. Refer other requests for this document to U.S. Army UAS Project Office, SFAE-AV-UAS, Redstone Arsenal, AL

Problem
UAS Airspace Integration Goal: Target Level Of Safety (TLOS) for UAS operations regarding their compliance with Part 91 operating rules for see and avoid.

It is incumbent upon DoD to make the safety case to the FAA.

2009GBSAA-Development

UAS NAS Access Capability Gaps

GBSAA Provide a mitigation to see and avoid regulatory requirements through ground based sensors, procedures, and user interface
Air Worthiness Certification Pilot Certification

Sense and Avoid

Equipage OPS STDS & Procedures

Routine Access

2009GBSAA-Development

Army Unmanned Aerial Systems Current and Projected Inventory and Flight Hour Requirements (Total)
3000
700
2517

2518

Flight Hours in Thousands

2071

Combat/NAS

Total

500
1809

2000
See Note Army 418K

400
1291

1550

1500

300 200
468

NAS
1024

1000
677

Combat
500
0

100
137 3 3
FY00

222 6
FY01

10
FY02

16
FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15

0
FY99

Multi-Platform Inventory

Total DoD UAS Service NAS Requirements Projected @ 1.1M by 2013

2009GBSAA-Development
Note: JCOE Compile Data, in response to JROC Request, UAS Integration into the National Airspace Study, 2 June 2008

As of: 14 Apr 09

Number of Fielded Systems

600

2329

2500

Current FAA restrictions for UAS flying in the NAS

UAS must have a Chase Aircraft ---or--Trained Observer Must remain with in 1 mile and 3000 feet of UAS.

Day light hours only

No Night operations

2009GBSAA-Development

Joint UAS World Presence Through FY12 Restricted Airspace

Army Active & NG UAS State Assets through FY15 Airforce/Navy UAS Locations Marine UAS Locations
81st HBCT WA NG
81 HBCT (WA)

1AD

Korea
2CR
173rd

Guam

MCB Okinawa UAE

CENTCOM

1ID

Ft Lewis
SB x 3 Grand Forks AFB

Germany Italy

41 IBCT (OR) 116 HBCT (ID) 1/34 IBCT (MN)

32 IBCT (WI)

Ft Drum
37 IBCT (MI) 33 IBCT (IL) 33 IBCT (IL) 76 IBCT (IN) 2/28 HBCT (PA) 27 IBCT (NY)

26 IBCT (MA)

10MN
55 HBCT (PA)

2/34 IBCT (IA)

SB6 PA NG

50 IBCT (NJ)

40 IBCT (CA)

58 IBCT (MD) 116 IBCT (VA)

BEAL E AFB

NG (UT)

86 IBCT (CO)

Pax River

NGB MMF

Ft Carson
Ft Irwin
11 ACR NTC

Ft Riley
1ID

Ft Leonard Wood

Ft Knox
1St

149 IBCT (KY)

MCAS, VMU-2

Ft Campbell
101ST
45 IBCT (OK) 39 IBCT (AR) 278 HBCT (TN)

Ft Bragg MCB
218 HBCT (SC)

4ID

Southern California Logistics Center

El Mirage

2ID
72 IBCT (TX)

82nd

Pt. Magu NAS

Camp Pendleton

29 Palms

MCB, VMU-1
Tng Base

Ft. Huachuca

Cannon AFB

56 IBCT (TX)

256 HBCT (LA)

155 HBCT (MS)

NG (AL)

Ft Benning Ft Stewart 48
IBCT (GA)

3 ID

Ft Bliss

1CAV Holloman AFB

Ft Polk
10 MN 3ACR 1 CAV Ellington ANGB
53 IBCT (FL)

Ft Wainwright
SB3 25th

Schofield Barracks
25th
29 IBCT (HI)

Ft Richardson
25th

2009GBSAA-Development

Example of typical Army airfield located outside restricted airspace - Fort Bragg

Air transit tunnel through which a UAS may transit the NAS from one safe state to another.

Sensor

Communications

Procedures

Interface

Correlation and Fusion

2009GBSAA-Development

Summary

GBSAA

is a first step towards an integrated solution

Supports immediate access Supports all Groups of UAS and Services

Part

of the overarching plan includes ABSAA and Air Worthiness w/Joint Services and the FAA to achieve a final solution that supports all DoD

Partnership

2009GBSAA-Development

GBSAA Process
Initial Request for GBSAA Support from Garrison, Field Command, BRAC Obtain Necessary Property Leases Site Survey GBSAA System Documentation (Syst. Engineering) Develop System Requirements M&S Sensor Performance Req/ Coverage Analysis Design System (Sensors, Data Sys, Display, Integration)

Site Airspace Analysis (Class, Restricted Areas, Airports)

Identify Funding for Site Efforts

Evaluate Sensors Existing/New?

Develop Preliminary Site Schedule

Obtain Frequency Authorization Develop/Perform GBSAA Training

Acquire/Install System Hardware

Verify/Validate GBSAA System Design/Performance

Data Analysis

GBSAA System Testing

Sensor Data Collection FAA/DoD/New

Compile/Build Site Safety Case

AW/Safety Case Evaluation/Approval (DoD Service Specific)

COA Application to FAA

FAA COA Approval

UAS Flights in NAS per COA

Zero Conflict Airspace (Sterile Airspace)

GBSAA Definition
A ground based means of detecting an airborne intruder and declaring a threat, in time to allow the UAS to adopt a safe state.

Intruder: An object within the surveillance volume of the system for which a US Army TCM - UAS track has been established Workshops FAA UAS Sense and Avoid
June 2009

UNCLASSIFIED

Early Radar Data

Long-term Track stats

Measured blip/scan ratio for long-term tracks Random sampling of long-term tracks

Clutter Results
Measured clutter VS ability to detect 1m^2 RCS target Measured subclutter visibility for sites

Early Radar Data - 1500 hrs

1500 hrs

1500 hrs Altitude [m] AMSL

1500 hrs Altitude [m] AMSL

1500 hrs

Clutter Results - Coverage Generation

The mean cmap magnitude was then subtracted from SNR+N curves to obtain expected signal-to-clutter curves per waveform and beam Expected SNC curves compared to range-varying detection thresholds currently used to determine detectability of 1 m^2 target

Clutter Results - Coverage Generation

SNC VS detection thresholds mapped to binary detect/no detect plot for 1 m^2 non-fluctuating target These plots were then overlaid on maps of the area Example detectability plot Red indicates detectability on target Blue indicates no detectability on target

Beam 0

Clutter Results - Coverage Generation

elmo, 3/5/09 50 45 40 35 30

summag1

25
elmo, upper beam, az beam 11, 0 doppler, dwell 0

20 15 10 5 0 5.49

100 090305 90

80

5.495 cputime

5.5

5.505 x 10
9

70

60

50

40

This gap in detection data relates to the lower clutter map magnitude:

30

20

40

60 rcells

80

100

120

Detectability Results

SCLA El Mirage

Jack Brians Ranch

Comprehensive Coverage for 1 m^2 RCS Target

Summary

GBSAA

is a first step towards an integrated solution

Supports immediate access Supports all Groups of UAS and Services

Part

of the overarching plan includes ABSAA and Air Worthiness w/Joint Services and the FAA to achieve a final solution that supports all DoD

Partnership

2009GBSAA-Development

2009GBSAA-Development