A - CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL

I . VERTERBRATES
A. FISH
Fish belonging to living things, groups of animals, have the spine. Fish animal characteristics are as follows: . LIVING IN THE WATER . HAVE A SLIMY SCALES . HAVE A TIP TO MOVE . BREATHE THROUGH GILLS . BREED IN EGGS . BLOODY COLD

B. MAMMALS

Mammals or animals we know with reference to animal feeding is one kind of animal or have a spinal vertebrates. Animal consists of a number of ordo. Here are some key features animals mammals:. have skin and sweat gland are oil glands . internal fertilization . bloody hot . features a perfect heart , amounting to four units . have well developed brain.

C. REPTILES Reptiles belong to the living, animal groups, with backbones. The characteristics of reptiles are as follows: . Dry scaly skin . Breathe through lungs . Usually lay their eggs and egg bercangkerang Hard . Some reptiles have four legs and some have no Legs . Some reptiles have four legs and some have no legs. Cold-blooded (body temperature varies with the temperature of the surroundings).

D. AMPHIBIANS
Amphibians belong to living things, groups of animals, have the spine. Amphibian animal characteristics are as follows: . Can live on land and in water . The skin is moist . Breathe through lungs and skin . Lay eggs in water, eggs are not protected by a shell. . Her son called tadpoles live in water and breathe through gills. Cold-blooded.

E. BIRDS The main features are as follows animal bird:. Body covered with feathers . Have not toothed beak and two wings . Have scales on their feet. . Nest and eggs are protected by hard shells. . Breathe through lungs . Warm-blooded.

II . IN VERTERBRATES
A.

JOINTED - LEG

B CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT
I . FLOWERING
- Flowering plant distinguished from other groups based on apomorfi specifically developed by this group. Most of these features are located on the reproductive. Here are the features: . flower
*Flower became the most obvious penciri distinguish them from other groups of seeds. This plant flowers to help expand the ability of cluster evolution and lungkang (prerequisite of life or niche space) ecological that makes it very suitable for life on land.

. stamen *Stamens or stamen much lighter than organs with

similar functions in the open seeds (ie strobilus). Stamen has evolved to be able to adapt to penyerbuk and to

prevent self-fertilization. Adaptation in this direction also expand the reach of his space.

. endosperm *Endosperm formation in seeds is a very special feature supports adaptation Angiospermae for complete embryo or seedling with food in their development proposals. Endosperm in physiologic also strengthen the seeds will absorb the necessary nutrients in the development of young plants.

A. MONOCOTYLEDON

B. DICOTYLEDON

II . NON FLOWERING
A. ALGAE
Algae are a varied group of organisms good shape, size, and composition of its chemical compounds. Unicellular algae have the form (eg Chlorococcus sp), colonial (Volvox sp), yarn (filament) (eg Spyrogyra sp) and branched or flat (eg Ulva sp, sp and Euchema Sargasum sp). Other features of the algae is that algae does not have roots, stems and leaves true. Body like this is called talus. That is why algae can not be classified as a plant (Plantae). In the cell there are various plastida namely algae cells contain organelles color (pigment). Plastida mainly found in chloroplasts of algae contain chlorophyll pigments that play an important role in the process of photosynthesis. Until the algae are able to organize themselves autrotof because food in the form of organic substances and inorganic substances.

Algae are plants that grow on land and in water, does not have roots, leaves and stems and have chlorophyll.

LEAF

FLOWER

B. MOSSES
. Skin: Feeling bitter

. Leaves: put the leaves opposite, oval round shape egg breech, the length of 8-15
cm and a width of 3-6 cm. Bottom surface of the hair smooth like velvet, especially in young leaves, long stalks 1 to 1.5 cm. longer than the leaves off the stalks, when already opewn leaves will fall off.

. Flowers: Inflorescence panicle, hair smooth like velvet, clusters of flowers in

every tip collected inflorescences. Tubular flower clusters and toothed dibagian it. Star-shaped flowers, fragrant.

. Fruit: reddish color when cooked, shaped like an egg. . Seeds: Nature lancet ellips, length 4 mm and winged

leaf

fruits

flower

C. CONIFER
. 2.3 or 5 leaves in a cluster . leaves decreased when aged 3 years. . produced in whorls of branches annually, except for Jack Pine (occasionally 2 /
Year).

. leaves of different cross sections with the number of leaves in the file.
and flowers monoecious.

. Two main groups.

i) ii) soft pine - 5 leaves / clusters. hard pine - 2 or 3 leaves / clusters.

Cones require two or more seasons to mature.

LEAF

FRUITS

FLOWER
C.

FERN
. grows in damp area . has stem and leaves . can make its own foods . produces spores . has roots

LEAF

FRUITS

FLOWERS

C IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY.
We humans have come a long way in gaining our independence from the whims of Mother Nature. We've learned how to build shelters and clothe ourselves. Through agriculture and irrigation, we can control our own food supply. We've built schools, hospitals, computers, automobiles, airplanes and space shuttles. So what's the big deal if a bunch of plants, animals and simple organisms die out?

Here's the problem with the loss of biodiversity: The Earth functions like an incredibly complex machine, and there don't appear to be any unnecessary parts. Each species -- from the lowliest microbe to humans -- plays a part in keeping the planet running smoothly. In this sense, each part is related. If a lot of those parts suddenly vanish, then the machine that is Earth can't function properly. For example, the crops that we grow though our clever use of agriculture are enabled by the nitrogen present in the soil. This nitrogen nourishes and strengthens our crops. But where does it come from? Worms, bacteria and other life found within the soil love to decompose vegetation. When they eat, these organisms produce nitrogen as waste, which crops really love. This is also how nutrient-rich compost is made. If these bacteria species were killed off, then our crops would not grow properly. This holds true for ocean ecosystems too. The ocean -- along with land-based plant vegetation -- plays a major role in absorbing carbon dioxide -- a gas that humans can't breathe. The ocean doesn't absorb this CO2 on its own. It relies on organisms like phytoplankton -- microscopic aquatic plant life -- to absorb the CO2. Loss of phytoplankton means we lose adequate levels of breathable air. Even some of our own modern advances in technology depend on nature. Modern medicine owes much to the properties found naturally in plants and bacteria. Medications like painkillers, penicillin and inoculations are based on natural organisms. The structure of these living things has been analyzed and synthesized to produce some medications, but others -- like antibiotics -- still use the actual organisms. In total, this accounts for onequarter of all the prescription drugs we use [source: David Suzuki Foundation]. What's more, if the Earth suddenly lost its hearty biodiversity, drugs that have yet to be discovered would also be lost. These services would still be required, with or without a diverse global ecosystem. As the resources that provided these services (like nitrogen produced by worms) dwindled, humans would have to replace them in order to survive. Stores of things like nitrogen for soil and medicine for the sick would quickly and significantly increase in value. Competition for these dwindling resources would develop, with wealthier and better armed countries inevitably winning. Life, indeed, would change for humanity as a result of a loss of biodiversity. It would quickly get worse.

FOLIO SCIENCE

TAJUK . BIODIVERSITY NAMA . NOOR FASHIMA BT MOHD YAMIN TINGKATAN . 2 MERANTI NAMA GURU . SITI NAZILA BT NAZALI
ISI KANDINGAN :1. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL A. FISH 2. B. MAMMALS 3. C. REPTILES

4. D. AMPHIBIANS 5. E. BIRDS 6. IN VERTERBRATES A. JOINTED-LEG 7. I. WORM LIKE 8. II. NON WORM LIKE 9. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT A. MONOKOTYLEDON 10. B. DIKOTYLEDON 11. NON FLOWERING A. ALGAE 12. B. MOSSES 13. C. CONIFER 14. D. FERN 15. IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

I. WORM LIKE
Basic Features of Worms :. Prefer eating Top Layer . Appetite Eat The Sharp . Reproduce the Quick

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I noor fashima bt mohd yamin, very thankful to the Almighty Allah because of the grace and mercy to meto complete this Science folio entitled classification of Animals without facing any problem I would like to express my thanks and

appreciation to my teacher, puan siti nazila bt nazali, why never tired of providing me with encouragement and guidance on how to make a review accordingto the criteria set. She also helped me to check the data, reports and rebuke me so that I will achievegood results and excellent research.In addition, I also want to wish thanks to both of my parents, mohd yamin bin ahad and noriah bt hamid, who helped to prepare this work. Without their support, I probably could not finishthis work. This is because this folio requires energy, ideas and money to finish it.Not to forget, my fellow friends, who had helpedme to complete this folio. They had also corrected my spelling errors and channelledthe appropriateinformation for the preparation of this scrapbook smoothly.

Introduction
Classification of Animals Classification of animal is the grouping of objects into sets according to one or more common propertiesor

characteristic. Common characteristics are characteristics that are possessed by two or more types ofspecies. Common characteristics in animals include methods of reproduction, types of food, habitats andphysical features. Scientific have classified living organism into different major groups and subgroups to makeit easier to study living organisms in more systematic manner. The classification is based on commoncharacteristics and distinctive features such as their structures, development and life style.

Objective
To classify various animals based on the common characteristic To classify vertebrates into five groups and invertebrates into two groups To study the characteristic of each of vertebrates and invertebrates

To understand move about the living things such as vertebrates and invertebrates