Name: Joshua Cortez Guided Report Week 2

Week 2: Cultural, Historical, and Bio-Geography

Due Date: Second Saturday of class Guided Report 2 This form includes directions on how to use some of the Week 2 online materials and will help you focus your studying efforts. It also provides a structured format for you to record your learning around key concepts. The completed report can be a valuable reference while you take the first two online exams. You may also use your work here as the basis of some of your class discussion. There is substantial overlap between the different facets of the class so it is often possible to answer the report questions based on class sources other than the one most closely associated with a given question. Both the text and the hypertext are likely to be able to help with many questions located in other sections. If use your own research to answer report questions cite materials you use from outside of the course. Directions 1. Complete this form, do not make a separate document, type your answers in, in bold. 2. Do your own work (i.e do not cut and paste answers). Cite sources from outside class. 3. Feel free to discuss these questions and possible answers to them in class. 4. Save As Word97 .doc document, use your first initial and last name as the file name. Thus John Snows report would be saved as SnowJ. 5. Submit to the Dropbox tab (at the top of your course page) under Week 2: Guided Report on or before the due date (Sunday of the second week of class) Tips 1. If a video clip is downloading slowly, pause the player and let the download proceed before viewing. 2. If you have problems accessing a particular link you may want to move on to other material and check the link later, as the problem may be related to internet traffic. If problems persist make sure that you have the correct players and plug-ins installed. If you suspect a technical problem you should contact tech. support before contacting your instructor. 3. Contact your instructor if a link appears to be broken. 4. Do not procrastinate. Engaging the material associated with this report will take a substantial amount of time.

Unit 2.1 Climatic Regions and Biomes

1. Familiarize yourself with the different biomes. Describe the Koppen climate classification system It is a 5 category system listed as: A - Humid Tropical: warm, rainy or less-rainy; monsoon, rainforest, savanna regions. B - Arid: warm or cool; steppe, desert. C (Humid) Mesothermal: mild winter, humid or dry; eg. southeastern US (humid subtropical), "Mediterranean", Marine West Coast. D - (Humid) Microthermal: severe winter; humid; mild or hot summer; subarctic; eg. US Midwest. E - Polar: cold; tundra, ice-cap 2. About what percentage of Californias Central Valley communities (e.g. grasslands, freshwater marshes) have been lost? Over 90% 3. What is the record for the highest temperature in the Western Hemisphere and where did it occur. 134 degrees F. In Death Valley, California -1913. 4.What percentage of the land surface is tropical rainforest. Only about 6% left. 5. Describe the Desert biome High pressure, irregular and unreliable rain, dry, hot days cold nights, little soil nutrient. 6.Describe the characteristics of Tundra. Where does it occur? Sounds like the tundra in northern, and is cold with slightly less cold summer months, almost no snow, but high winds

Unit 2 .2 Biosphere
1. Name four biogeochemical cycles. Hydrological cycle Carbon cycle nitrogen cycle phosphorus cycle 2. What are the two primary biological processes involved in the carbon cycle? Which is associated with autotrophs cellular respiration and photosynthesis, and autotrophs use photosynthesis.

3. What percentage of the oceans water is in the deeps? About 80-90%. 4. Earths Oceans Describe how the ocean is connected with the climate and human life? Directly connected to the major part of the water cycle, and distribution of global temperatures. 5. Seasonal precipitation, soil moisture, ocean currents. (a) What is the range of temperatures seen on Earth? (b) Why do the global precipitation belts move seasonally? (c) Describe the global conveyor belt. This is a system of oceanic currents similar to air currents, that are in flux from worm and cold temperatures as well as variance in density of the water. 6.Know where most of earths water located. How much is fresh water and where is it? 97% of water on earth is oceanic, the other 3 % percent is fresh water. Almost 70% of that is in our polar glacier. About 30% is ground water, and less than 1% is rivers, swamps, and lakes. 7. Know what a trophic structure is. Define ecosystem. What five factors help define or control any given ecosystem A trophic structures are maps or webs of information on food chains. An ecosystem is the combination of both environment and living creatures that are interdependent on each other.

Unit 2.3 Cultural Geography

1. What is culture and how is it shaped? Ideas and behavior specific to a group of people, its shaped on ideology and sociology. 2. All early written language is _______ Glyphic 3. What percentage of the world speaks an IndoEuropean language today? What are the next three largest language families? 42% of global population speaks top 5 Indo-European

4. What historical epoch is probably the most responsible for the spread of the English language? 5. What is the single most important reason for dialects to form and be maintained? 6. What percentage of the world speaks an IndoEuropean language today? What are the next three largest language families?

Unit 2.4 Human Population

1. What physical characteristic of Homo species has lead to greater intelligence? The size of there brain

2. Explain the Tragedy of the Commons. When a common resource is exploited to ruin and affects all in its ecosystem. Like dumping waste in our oceans and all suffer from the consequence 3 From whence do we come? Early human migrations- under the microscope. (a) Describe the Genographic project. How is the study conducted? How are lineages (or common ancestors) defined? What has the study found? (b) What are some physical differences between Neanderthal and modern Homo Sapiens and how what advantages did these provide for them? (c) What is the common ancestor of the two species called and from whence did it come? (d) When is Neanderthal thought to have died out? 4. What are the origins of civilization? After following the link entitled cultural hearths, scroll down the left hand side to where it says Where are Cultural Hearths and click on (wwhearth). 5. What is the Great Divide and when and where was it crossed? 6. What are common features of humanitys earliest civilizations? 7. How old is the Peruvian civilization of Caral? 8. What fundamental question is addressed by archeologists? What hypothesis was disproven by Caral? How was it disproven? 9. Describe what is known about what was happening at Caral?

10. Do you notice anything in common between the locations of the worlds ancient cultural hearths? 11. Mayan Cosmology - This Cultural-Geography map allows us to shift our position in time. A. How well were the Mayans able to predict the location of Venus? B. How likely do you think that our modern understanding of the Maya is comprehensive? Explain.

Unit 2 Interactive Lessons

1. Early Human Migration Select Journey of Mankind and then select: Begin the Journey and hit play. If the Journey is downloading slowly you may need to refresh it. Read the screen captions accompanying each slide and then hit play to move to the next slide. Feel free to hit on the text and other icons within each screens central text window but do not attempt to view the iLecture film. The second link is an alternative, to use it move through the timeline (at the top) and play the short video clips associated with each segment. A. What form of evidence are scientists using to follow ancient human migration? DNA and genetic markers B. Which continent are humans thought to have first evolved in? Africa C. About when are modern humans thought to have left that continent? 135,000 BC to 115,000 BC was the first time D. When did humans finally populate Australia? And North America? 74,000 to 65,000 is when they reached Australia and 25,000 to 22,000 when they reached north America. E. Name two geophysical phenomenon that slowed or threatened human expansion. The freeze up that created the Sahara dessert and the mt Toba super eruption that caused an ice age. 2. Americas Cultural Hearths: Explore the MesoAmerican World This Cultural-Geography map allows us to shift our position in time. A. During what time and in what region did the earliest culture shown on this map live? Briefly describe their culture and achievements. Olmec, they were known as the people of rubber, had early rubber balls and ball games, art was mostly sculpture style, and had math and written language. It seams to be the mother culture of that area. B. During what time period and in what region did the Aztecs thrive? 1325-1519, in the Mexican valley, present day Mexico city 3. Pre-Colonial Contact American Culture.

This historical interactive map of North and Central American cultures allows us to peek back into time. Visit the Southern woodland cultures (the northern group not the ones in Florida). Alternatively, you can find the same information by reading about the Mississippian culture under the alternate Moundbuilders link. A. Who lived there? During what time period did they first build structures in this area? B. What European expedition witnessed some of the remnants of this culture- when? 4. Human Population PBSs Nova series presets this clickable nine slide map allows you to see what scientists think the human population was at different points in history. A. What is the human population estimated to be at around 0 AD? B. What year did the human population first reach 1 billion, 2 billion, 4 billion, and 6 billion? C. What is happening to the human population growth rate? What is the primary reason for this? 5. International Population. What are the three most populous countries in the world? To use this link, select Population Volume (# 13) from the legend. The size of a states population is indicated by the size of the white square. 6. Life Expectancy A. Estimate the typical average life expectancy in Africa nations? In Europe? B. What is the life expectancy in the US? C. What global ranking is this? Name the two states that are ranked just above and the two states just below the US? (use the Life Expectancy Map located under the Research and Tests option) 7. Languages of the World A. Do you see any thing in common between the areas high in linguistic diversity? B. Which continent is the most and which the least linguistically diverse? (use the second links information of living languages for this question) 8. Languages in the US. Below the map is a percentage breakdown of speakers of different languages A. Look up Navajo speakers in this linguistic map of the US. In what states are there counties with over 20,000 speakers? You will need to update the map after selecting the Navajo language. B. What percentage of people in the US speak German? C. What percentage of people in the US speak Spanish or Spanish-Creole? D. What percentage of people in the US speak English? 9. Population pyramids and parameters . Describe how the shape of these parameters changes and the reason for these changes.