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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
Abstract Photovoltaic array exhibits non linear characteristics of power for varying insolation and temperature. So it is necessary to track the peak power in each power curves of the PV system. Here in this paper a PV array is modelled using its mathematical equations and its peak power is extracted by using Fuzzy logic controller Technique and the peak power is extracted by using a boost converter. The proposed fuzzy logic controller is successful in tracking maximum power point of solar PV system and their simulation results are shown in this paper. The whole work is carried out in Simulink/MATLAB environment. This method is most efficient as the controller used for maximum power point tracking is fast when compared to other conventional algorithms (P&O .etc) Index Terms Maximum power point (MPP), maximum power point tracking, Fuzzy logic controller, boost converter. implies the characteristics of solar cells to be a non linear. Thus it requires a special design consideration to extract the available amount of energy at its maximum efficiency. Due to the ease of implementation and low cost and simplicity in design consideration, here in this paper we are opting Fuzzy logic controller for tracking maximum power point. Here, the temperature and irradiance is the parameters are taken into consideration. Depending on the parameters the I-V & P-V characteristics of PV array are simulated &presented in this paper. II. MODELING OF PV ARRAY The basic principle of photovoltaic cell is its ability to convert light energy to electrical energy [1]. PV cell is basically a p-n junction semiconductor. In dark, the solar cell exhibits the exponential characteristics as its output characteristics which are similar to diode characteristics. That is, when light energy falls on solar cell, the electrons will be excited from the current state of being attached to the atoms, because of increase in its energy greater than band gap energy. So electron-hole pairs will the created. Under the influence of internal electric fields of p-n junction, a current starts flowing through the closed the path [8]. This current is depending on the quanta of light energy incident on the PV array. Under the short circuit condition, current will be flowing through the external circuit. And when the external resistance is increased up to infinity which the condition is similar to the open circuit condition, the current doesnt flow. Thus the characteristics of PV cell depend on the loading effect.

I. INTRODUCTION World is much more concerned about the fossil fuel exhaustion, ecosystem damage and finally global heating nowadays. So we have to go for a clean, reliable and economic energy resource. Photovoltaic energy is coming under this category [1].By using photovoltaic energy we can avoid transmission losses and damaging ecosystems. Owing to the cheap availability of electrical energy from PV cells, they are extensively used in air conditioning water pumping in remote as well as urban areas. But unpredictable whether condition

Fig 1: Equivalent circuit of PV cell

When light is falling on PV array, a photocurrent IL is produced. When then there is dark, PV cell acts as a diode. So there is no voltage and current at this time until if it is connected to an external supply. The diode or diode current will be produced only there is an external supply. For better result such as precision, we are taking diode saturation current Io, leakage resistance representing Rsh, internal resistance Rs and diode quality factor A. But in an ideal cell Rs and Rsh will be zero. So we can represent the solar cell in a mathematical equation as (1) Where q is the electron charge q=1.6e-19 C and k is boltzmanns constant k=1.38e-23J/K Photocurrent Il which depends on temperature can be written as (2) (3) (4) (5) The internal resistance Rs can be represented by (6)

Fig 2 : I-V characteristics of solar panel

III. PROPOSED CONTROL SYSTEM The main control objective of this paper is to track the maximum power point of PV system for different solar irradiance using Fuzzy logic controller technique. This technique is more efficient because the proposed fuzzy logic controller technique is fast and efficient for values of solar radiations changing time to time when compared to conventional algorithms where abrupt tracking is not possible. The proposed block diagram of fuzzy logic controller technique is shown below.

Fig 3.Proposed circuit diagram

Where (7)

IV. CONTROL STRUCTURE OF FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER (FLC)

The basic control structure of FLC is shown below, it mainly consists of two inputs as shown below i(p) and i(p) and outputs of FLC is U(k).The operation of FLC mainly takes place with the fuzzification of input values and control them by using rule basis functions and again defuzzifying it for further application

Fig 4. Basic diagram of fuzzy logic controller

The above shown are the figures for two inputs and one output membership function. i. Rule basis function In this rule basis function input are given in the form of fuzzy sets as shown in below table .The inputs i(p) and i(p) are converted into fuzzy sets and are formed in the form of rule basis

A. Fuzzification Fuzzy logic is an effective paradigm to handle imprecision. It can be used to take fuzzy or imprecise [1,2] observations for inputs and yet arrive at crisp and precise values for outputs .The process of fuzzification mainly deals with converting precise inputs to values which are imprecise or vague. i.e Fuzzification is the process of making a crisp quantity to fuzzy. In general the input variables are expressed as membership functions in terms of fuzzy labels such as PB (positive big), PS (positive small), ZO(zero), NS (negative small), NB (negative big) using basic fuzzy subset, there are many types of membership functions are used but in this paper triangular membership function is taken into consideration

Fig 5. Fuzzy rule viewer table

The rule table are generated such that the input must always be zero. In general rule base instruction which is used is given below IF' i(p) is PB AND i(p) is ZO THEN dD is PA.

PARAMETER

VALUE

Inductance L Capacitance C Switching frequency

1e-2 H 1e-2 F 1Khz

B. Defuzzification The process of converting fuzzy sets to single crisp value is called defuzzification and the reverse process of it is fuzzification .Several methods are available for the process of defuzzification like centroid, centre of sums, mean of maxima ,among which centroid method is mostly commonly used defuzzification method. P*= (p) p dp / (p) dp ....(i) Where (p) Membership function p Elements V.MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER The maximum power point tracking of solar pv system mainly depends on factor such as insolation ,temperature . The fuzzy logic is efficient in tracking maximum power point because unlike other conventional mppt algorithms it dont want exact knowledge of solar characteristics The input V(p) is the load point for which we have to achieve the maximum power point and here V(P) is the change in error this value is changed according to the load point it helps in the movement of load point in order to reach the maximum power point .The inference used in this paper is mamdani function. I(p) = I(p) -I(p-1) ...(ii)

Table 1. parameters values used in simulation

V. SIMULATION RESULTS The experimental setup of MPPT using Fuzzy Logic Controller is simulated in MATLAB for different value of temperature and irradiation. The characteristics (P-V) of PV module is simulated using MATLAB which is shown below in fig.4

Fig 6: simulation diagram of MPPT using FLC algorithm

V(p) = V(p) V(P-1)...(iii)

Fig7. P-V characteristics of proposed simulation

The FIS file and the rule viewer used in proposed simulation setup for maximum power point tracking for solar pv system is shown below in fig .9, fig .10

VII. CONCLUSIONS In this paper maximum power point tracking of solar PV is achieved using fuzzy logic controller. The proposed system is explained by using MATLAB simulation model. The control technique used in this paper is more advantages because the tracking of maximum power point is fast in this technique and also sensitive for abrupt changes in solar irradiance . They have the advantage to be robust and relatively simple to design as they do not require the knowledge of the exact model. REFERENCES
[1] X. Li, K. Dong, H. Wu , Study on the Intelligent Fuzzy Control Method for MPPT in Photovoltaic Voltage Grid System, 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp.708-711,2008. [2] G. Zeng, Q. Liu, An Intelligent Fuzzy Method for MPPT of Photovoltaic arrays, 2nd International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design, IEEE, 2009. [3] Z. M. Salameh, D, Fouad, and A. William, "Step-down maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic systems," Solar Energy, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 279-282, 1991. [4] Trishan Esram, and Patrick L. Chapman, "Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 439-449, June.2007. [5] P. S. Revankar, W. Z. Gandhare, A. G. Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV Systems Using MATLAB/Simulink, 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, IEEE, pp. 8-11,2010. [6] Wang N. Chun, S. Zuo, K. Yukita, Y. Goto, K. Ichiyanagi, Research on PV model and MPPT methods in Matlab, Asia Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conferences, IEEE, pp. 1-4, 2010. [7] http://www.mathworks.com [8] Roger Messenger, Jerry Ventre, Photovoltaic System Engineering,2nd ed., Florida, USA, CRC Press, 1999. Electronics, vol. 20, pp. 963- 973, July 2005.

Fig 8. Fuzzy FIS table

Fig 9. Fuzzy rule viewer

The simulation results for MPPT of solar pv system using fuzzy logic controller is shown below Scheme Power delivered 10.05 W 17.0W Time taken to reach MPPT NA 0.02 S

Without MPPT With MPPT using FLC

Table 2. Simulation results