Course: HIS 111 Outline History of Africa from 1500-1800AD (3 creditsCompulsory)

Course Duration: Three hours per week for 15 weeks (45hours) As taught in 2010/2011 session Lecturer: IBRAHIM B.O. M.A., B.A., (History), P.G.D.E (Ilorin) Department of History & International Studies Faculty of Arts, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. E-mail: olabash@unilorin.edu.ng olabash62@yahoo.com Office Location: Faculty of Arts Block, Room12, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Consultations hours: 2pm-4pm (Tuesdays and Thursdays) Course Content: The course highlights historical development of Africa kingdoms and Empires, the internal changes such as politics, agriculture, industry, religion, trade and inter-group relations, as well as external factors of the Arabs. Course description: The course provides comprehensive historical analysis of events in Africa from 1500-1800. It appraises the factors for the formation of clans, kingdoms and empires during this period in West Africa, North Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. The significance of TransSaharan and post trans-sahara contact on the people. Course justification: The need to know the historical development in the period under review is very important. This will afford the students to appreciate the significance of African past in all ramifications. It will also enlighten the students about the rulers who had governed in different zones of present Africa before the colonial period and how they exchange commodities across their boarders. Course objective: The main objectives of the course are to introduce the students to the various political, social, religious and economic activities in Africa during these periods. Students will i. Discuss the rise and fall of some empires and kingdoms of West Africa from 15001800 ii. Examine the nature of state formation before the arrival of the European iii. appraise some empires and kingdoms of South Africa region from 1500-1800 iv. appraise some empires and kingdoms of North Africa from 1500-1800 v. discuss the antecedents, operations and effects of slave trade in Africa vi. examine the circumstances that led to the abolition of slave trade vii. discuss the merits and demerits of written sources in the written of African history.

Course Requirements:

Apart from normal attendance of classes, students will be expected to read widely so as to be able to participate in debate during normal lectures hours. Students are expected to attend 75% of the classes before they can sit for the examination. Method of Grading: S/N Type of Grading 1. Text 2. Assignment 3. Participation in class 4. Final examination Total

Scores (%) 15 15 10 60 100

Course Delivery Strategies: Face to face lectures will be the major method of course delivery. Students will be assigned into groups and will be expected to present group work in class on various topics: LECTURE CONTENT Week 1: Songhai Empire: Objectives: The objectives of the week are to describe the formation, reasons for the rise and decline of the Songhai Empire. Description: First hour Origin of Songhai Empire Second hour Factors for the rise of Songhai Empire Third hour Factors that led to the collapse of Songhai Empire Study Questions: 1. Discuss the origin of Songhai Empire? 2. Highlight the contributions of Askia the Great to the rise of Songhai Empire? 3. What were the factors that led to the collapse of Songhai Empire? 4. Critically appraise the external factors in the collapse of Songhai Empire? 5. Examine the socio-cultural patterns of Songhai people during this period? Reading List: 1. Sadi2, abd al-Rahman ibn abd allah, and John o. Hunwick. (1999). Timbuktu and the songhay empire: al-sadi tarikh al-sudan down to 1613, and other contemporary documents. Islamic history and civilization, v. 27.(pp53-75) Leiden:Brill. ISBN 9004112073 2. Davidson 1,2, Basil. (1998). West Africa Before The Colonial Era: A History to 1850.(54-89) London: Longman. ISBN 9780582318526 3. Lange 1,2, Derk. 2004. Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa: African-centered and Canaanite-Israelite perspectives; a collection of published and unpublished Studies in English and French.(54-90) Dettelbach, Germany: Roll. ISBN3897541157 4. Hooker3, Richard. Civilizations in Africa; Songhay (http://www.wsu.edu//html) 5. Cissoko2, S.M.. Timbuctou et lempire Songhai. Paris 1975

Week 2 and 3: Oyo Empire Objectives: The objectives are to discuss the mythical origins of Oyo Empire, Nupe occupation, the conquests and expansion, organizational structures, the military and the decline of Oyo Empire. Description: First hour of Week 2 Mythical origin Second hour of Week 2 Nupe occupation Third hour of Week 2 The recon quest and expansion First hour of Week 3 Organization structures Second hour of Week3 The military Structure of Oyo Empire Third hour of Week3 Decline of Oyo Empire Study Questions: 1. Discus the emergence of Oyo Empire? 2. Appraised the significance of inter-ethnic war between Oyo empire and her neighbours during this period? 3. Assess the factors that elevated Bashorun status in Oyo empire? 4. Discuss the importance of long distance trade to the development of Oyo Empire? 5. Critically appraised some factors that aggravated the demise of Oyo Empire? Reading List: 1. Oliver2, Roland & Anthony Atmore (2001). Medieval Africa 1250-1800.(pp34-98) Cambridge: University press. ISBN 0-52179-6 2. Smith2, Robber S. (1989). Warfare & Diplomacy in Pre-colonial West Africa second edition.(pp23-67) Madison: University of Wisconsin press. ISBN 0-29912-334-0 3. Stride 1,2, G.T. & C. Ifeka(1971). Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000-1800. (pp32-69)Edinburgh: Nelson. ISBN 0-17511-488-2 4. Thornton 1,2, John k. (1999). Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500-1800.(pp10-66) London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-393-7 5. Thornton2, John (1998). Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic world, 1400-1800(Second Edition).(p340) Cambridge: Cambridge University press.ISBN 052162-724-9 Week 4: Kingdom of Ndongo Objectives: The objective of the week is to discuss the social, economic and political structures of Ndongo kingdom and Ndongo under foreign rule. Description: First hour Ndongo socio-economic and political structures Second hour

The first Portuguese Ndongo war Third hour Ndongo under Fillip Harri Study Questions: 1. Discuss the origin of Ndongo? 2. What were the social and political structures of Ndongo? 3. What were the impacts of Imbangala period? 4. Discuss the rise of Queen Nzinga? 5. Appraised the era of Fillipe Harri in Ndongo dynasty? Reading List: 1. Heywood3, Linda m. & Thornton, John k. Centra Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660, (http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=S42CypbRTIQC& PG=PA82),(p.82). Cambridge University press, 2007. 2. Maria Petringa, Brazza, a Life for Africa. Bloomington, IN: Authorhouse, 2006. ISBN 978-1-4259-1198-0 3. David 1,2 Birmingham,(1966) Trade and Conquest in Angola (pp201-360)Oxford University press. 4. Thornton2, John (1997). Demography and History of Ndongo kingdom, 15501750.(pp242-256)The Journal of African History, Vol. 18, No. 4. 5. Gates, Louis2; Anthony Appiah (1999). Africana: The Encyclopedia of African and African American Experience. P. 1105 Week 5: Alouite Dynasty Objectives: The objectives of the week is to discuss political, economic, social and religious structures of Alouite dynasty

Description: First hour Political structures. Second hour Economic structures. Third hour Social structures. Religious structures. Study Questions: 1. Discuss the emergence of Alouite dynasty in the history of Morocco? 2. Discuss the political structures of Alouite Dynasty during the reign of Ismail Ibn Sharif? 3. Critically explain the trade and commerce in Alouite dynasty? 4. To what extent is the relation of Aloute rulers in international affairs? 5. What aided the growth of Islam during the reign of Abdrerrahmane(1822-1859) Reading List: 1. Sabatino Moscati2, The Phoenician, Tauris, ISBN 1850435332

2. 3. 4.

J.D. Clark & S.A. Brandt (eds.), From Hunters to Farmers: Food Production in Africa, Berkley. (pp41-56) University of California press. Convention on Diplomatic Protection signed in Madrid 18803 (http://www.warflag.com/shadow/history/treatis/moroc 1880 htm) Furlong, Charles Wellington (1911). The French Conquest of Morocco: The Real meaning of the International Trouble. The Worlds work: A History of Our Time XXII: 14988-14999

Weeks 7 and 8: Ashanti Empire Objectives: The objectives of the week are to discuss the founding of the kingdom, Asanteman, under Osei Tutu, geography, economy, social, government, communication in asanteman, legal system, the Ashanti armies, European contact, asante-fante and other wars, fall of asanteman. Description: First hours of Week7 The origin of Asante. Founding of the kingdom. Second hour of Week7 Asanteman under Osei Tutu. Geography Third hour of Week7 Economy Social life First hour of Week 8 Government / political structures Legal system Second hour of Week 8 Ashante armies during this period European contact Third hour of Week8 Asante-fante wars First Anglo-Asante wars Fall of Ashanteman Study Questions: 1. Discuss the emergence of Ashante kingdom? 2. Explain the impact of geography on the people of Ashante? 3. Critically appraise the political structure of Ashante kingdom? 4. What were the impacts of Europeans on the people of Ashante? 5. Discuss the effect of Asante-Fante wars on Ashantehene? Reading List: 1. Kevin Shillinghton2 (1995) History of Africa, St. Martins (pp21-24) New York, 1995. 2. Web Dossier about the Asante kingdom(http://www.aschleiden.nl/library/webdosiers/asante. aspx): African Studies centre, Leiden 3. Alan Lloyd 2, (1964) The Drums of Kumasi, (pp21-24) Panther, London, 1964.

4. 5.

Alfred Burdon Ellis2 (1987) The Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa, p. 290 Edgerton 1, 2, Robert b: (1995) Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred year war for Africas Gold Coast (20-43) Free press.

Week 9: Kingdom Of Mutapa Objectives: The objectives of this week are to discuss etymology, the expansion, religion, Portuguese contact, accidental crusade, decline and collapse, Portuguese control, Loss of prestige, Butwa Invasion, shifting rulers, independence and move from Zimbabwe, Mutapa as Ophir. Description: First hour Etymology of Mutapa kingdom The emergence of the kingdom and expansionist programme Religion Portuguese contact Second hour Accidental crusade Decline and collapse Portuguese control Third hour Loss of prestige Butwa invasion Mutapa as Ophir Study Questions: 1. Explain the emergence of Mutapa Empire? 2. Did religion have any impact on the life of Mutapa people? 3. Explain the impact of Portuguese contact with the people of Mutapa? 4. To what extent was the external aggressor affected the collapse of Mutapa Empire? 5. Discuss the impact of trade and commerce to the development for Mutapa kingdom? Reading List: 1. Stewart2, John (1989). African States and Rulers. Jefferson.(pp395-3999) Mc Farland & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 2. Bairochi1, Paul (1991). Cities and Economic Development: from the dawn of history to the present. (pp486-620)Chicago: university of Chicago press. ISBN 0-22603-4666 3. Oliver 1,2, Roland & Anthony Atmore (1975). Medieval Africa 1250-1800.Cambridge: Cambridge University press. pp.738. ISBN 0-31331-583-3 4. Owomoyela2, Oyekan (2002). Culture and customs of Zimbabwe. Westport: Greenwood publishing group. pp. 163. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 5. Stewart2, John (1989). African states and rulers.(pp320-398) Jefferson: McFarland & company, Inc. ISBN 0-89950-390-X Week 10: Rozwi Empire Objectives:

The objectives of this week are to discuss the emergence of Rozwi empire, its economy, technology, culture, politics and its decline Description: First hour The emergence of Rozwi Empire Second hour The economy and technology Third hour Culture, Politics and decline Study Questions: 1. Discuss the impact of inter-group relations to the development of Rozwi Empire? 2. Enumerate the political activities in Rozwi Empire? 3. Discuss the civilization of Rozwi people? 4. Enumerate the internal factors that led to the collapse of Rozwi Empire? 5. To what extent is importance of Rozwi Empire in African history?

Reading list: 1. Stewart2, John (1989). African States and Rulers. Jefferson. (pp320-395) Mc Farland & Company. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 2. Bairochi2, Paul (1991). Cities and Economic Development: from the dawn of history to the present.(pp540-596) Chicago: university of Chicago pres. ISBN 0-22603-466-6 3. Oliver2, Roland & Anthony Atmore (1975). Medieval Africa 1250-1800.Cambridge: Cambridge University press. pp.738. ISBN 0-31331-583-3 4. Owomoyela2, Oyekan (2002). Culture and customs of Zimbabwe. Westport: Greenwood publishing group. pp. 163. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 5. Shollin2, John (1989). African States and Rulers. Jefferson: McFarland & Scompany, Inc.pp. 567. ISBN 0-89950-390-X Week 11: Benin kingdom Objectives: The objectives of this week are to discuss the origin of Benin kingdom, golden age, factors for the rise of Benin Empire, European contact and the decline of Benin Empire. Description: First hour Origin of Benin kingdom Golden age Second hour Factors for the rise of Benin Empire Third hour European contact Decline of Benin Empire Study Questions: 1. Discuss the emergence of Benin kingdom? 2. What were the factors that led to the rise of Benin empire? 3. Discuss the impact of long distance trade on the development of Benin economy?

4. 5.

Discuss the significance of European contact to the socio-political structures of Benin? What were the factors that aggravated the demise and decline of Benin kingdom?

Assignment: Discuss the importance of Benin arts from 1500-1800?

Reading List: 1. Walter Rodney1 1982, How Europe Under Develop Africa , Cambridge press Ltd. ISBN 0-88258-105-8 2. The Origin of Edos/ Benis(http://ww.edoworld.net/net/origin_of _Edo_people.html) 3. The Story of Africa: Ife and BeninBBC World Service(http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/story fo africa/4chapter7.shtml) 4. Owomoyela2, Oyekan (2002).Culture and customs of Benin kingdom.(pp154-156) Westport: Greenwood publishing group. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 5. Owomoyela2, Oyekan, Edo at Genealogical Gleanings Westport: Greenwood publishing group. ISBN 0-89950-390-X Week 12 And 13: Slave Trade Objectives: The objectives of this week are to discuss traditional slavery within Africa, trans-sahara trade, Indian Ocean trade, Atlantic slave trade and effects of slave trade in Africa Description: First hour of week 12 Slavery in Africa Second hour of week 12 Trans-Sahara trade Third hour of week 12 Indian Ocean trade First hour of week 13 Atlantic slave trade Second hour of week 13 Plight of enslaved people taken from Africa Third hour of week 13 The effects of slave trade in Africa Study Questions: 1. What were the reasons for indigenous slave trade in Africa? 2. What were the sources of slaves in Africa? 3. Discuss the significance of Indian Ocean slave trade to Africans? 4. To what extent did trans-Sahara slave trade affected the socio-cultural patterns of Africans? 5. Critically appraised the effect of Atlantic slave to indigenous African Industry? Reading List:

1. Walter Rodney1 1982, How Europe Under Develop Africa , Cambridge press Ltd. ISBN 0-88258-105-8 2. Bairochi1, Paul (1991). Cities and economic development: from the dawn of history to the present. Chicago: university of Chicago press. pp.596 ISBN 022603-466-6 3. Owomoyela1,2, Oyekan (2002). Culture and Customs of Africans. (pp151-156) Westport: Greenwood publishing group. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 4. Owomoyela2, Oyekan, African Indigenous Slavery: (pp190-198) Greenwood publishing group. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 5. The impact of slave trade in Africa3(http://mondeplo.com/1998/04/02africa) Week 14: The Abolition of Slave Trade Objectives: The objective of this week is to discuss the abolition of slave trade in Africa Description: First hour Factors for the abolition of slave trade Second hour People involved in the abolition of slave trade Third hour The general overview. Slave trade Study Questions: 1. What were the factors that warranted the abolition slave trade? 2. To what extent were the roles played by humanitarian societies in the abolition of slave trade? 3. Critically appraise the role played by Catholics in the abolition of slave trade? 4. Societal menace actually influenced the abolition of slave trade. Discuss? 5. Religions factors was the key issue for the abolition of slave trade in Africa. Discuss? Reading List: 1. Owomoyela2, Oyekan (2002). Culture and customs of Zimbabwe.(pp160-169) Westport: Greenwood publishing group. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 2. Stewart1, John (1989). African States and Rulers. (pp300-395)Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-89950-390-X 3. Kevin Shillinghton2. (1995) History of Africa.(pp21-30) St. Martins, New York, 1995. 4. Alan Lloyd 2, (1964) The Drums of Kumasi, (pp21-30) Panther, London, 1964. Week 15: Revision Objectives: Student would be expected to seek explanation on any difficult concept or topic treated during the course. They are expected to appreciate integration of the various topics treated in the course as a complete package. Study Questions: 1. Discuss the importance of Long distance trade to the development of Oyo Empire? 2. Enumerate the political activities of Rozwi Empire? 3. What were the reasons for indigenous slave trade in Africa?

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

What were the sources of slaves in Africa? Examine the roles played by humanitarian societies in the abolition of slave trade? Discuss the significance of European contact to the socio-political structures of Benin Empire? Discuss the civilization of Rozwi people? Enumerate the internal factors that led to the collapse of Rozwi Empire? Discuss the emergence of Alouite Dynasty in the history of Morocco? Discuss the political structures of Alouite Dynasty during the reign of Ismail Ibn Sharif?

Reading List: 1.

2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7.

8. 9. 10.

Sadi2, abd al-Rahman ibn abd allah, and John O. Hunwick. (1999). Timbuktu and the songhay empire: al-sadi tarikh al-sudan down to 1613, and other contemporary documents. Islamic History and Civilization, v. 27. Leiden:Brill. ISBN 9004112073 Davidson3, Basil. (1998). West Africa before the colonial era: a history to 1850. (120-136) London: Longman. ISBN 9780582318526 Lange2, Derk. 2004. Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa: African-centered and Canaanite-Israelite perspectives; a collection of published and unpublished studies in English and French. Dettelbach, Germany: Roll. ISBN3897541157 Hooker3, Richard. Civilizations in Africa; Songhay (http://www.wsu.edu//html Stewart1, John (1989). African States and Rulers. Jefferson: Mc Farland & Company, Inc. p. 395. ISBN 0-89950-390-X Bairochi1, Paul (1991). Cities and economic development: from the dawn of history to the present. Chicago: university of Chicago press. pp.596 ISBN 0-22603-466-6 Oliver1, Roland & Anthony Atmore (1975). Medieval Africa 12501800.Cambridge: Cambridge University press. pp.738. ISBN 0-31331583-3 Owomoyela2, Oyekan (2002). Culture and customs of Zimbabwe. Westport: Greenwood publishing group. pp. 163. ISBN 0-89950-390-X Stewart1, John (1989). African states and rulers. (PP320395)Jefferson:McFarland & company, Inc . ISBN 0-89950-390-X Kevin Shillinghton2, (1995) History of Africa, St.(PP21-24) Martins, New York.

General Reading List: 1. Sadi2, abd al-Rahman ibn abd allah, and John O. Hunwick. (1999). Timbuktu and the songhay empire: al-sadi tarikh al-sudan down to 1613, and other contemporary documents. Islamic History and Civilization, v. 27. Leiden:Brill. ISBN 9004112073 2. Davidson3, Basil. 1998. West Africa before the Colonial era: a history to 1850. London: Longman. ISBN 9780582318526 3. Lange2, Derk. 2004. Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa: African-centered and Canaanite-Israelite perspectives; a collection of published and unpublished studies in English and French. Dettelbach, Germany: Roll. ISBN3897541157

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16.

17. Legend 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Hooker3, Richard. Civilizations in Africa; Songhay (http://www.wsu.edu//html Stewart1, John (1989). African States and Rulers. (P395)Jefferson: Mc Farland &Company, Inc. ISBN 0-89950-390-X Bairochi1, Paul (1991). Cities and Economic Development: from the dawn of history to the present.(PP592-595) Chicago: university of Chicago press. ISBN 022603-466-6 Oliver1, Roland & Anthony Atmore (1975). Medieval Africa 1250-1800. (PP680738) Cambridge: Cambridge University press. ISBN 0-31331-583-3 Owomoyela2, Oyekan (2002). Culture and customs of Zimbabwe. (P163) Westport: Greenwood publishing group. ISBN 0-89950-390-X Stewart1, John (1989). African states and Rulers. (PP395) Jefferson:McFarland & company, Inc. ISBN 0-89950-390-X Kevin Shillinghton2, (1995) History of Africa. (pp21-25) St. Martins, New York. Alan Lloyd 2, (1964)The Drums of Kumasi, (pp21-24)Panther, London. Alfred 2 Burdon Ellis.(1980) The Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast of west Africa, 1887.( p. 290) Edgerton4, Robert b.(1995) Fall of the Asante Empire: The hundred year war for Africas Gold Coast Free press. Convention3 on Diplomatic Protection signed in Madrid 1880 (http://www.warflag.com/shadow/history/treatis/moroc 1880 htm) Furlong, Charles Wellington (1911)2. The French Conquest of Morocco: The Real meaning of the International Trouble. The worlds work: a history of our time XXII: 14988-14999 David Bensoussan3, ii etait une fois le maroc: temoignages du pass judeoMarocian, ed. Du Lys, www.editionsdulys.com, Montreal, 2010 (ISBN 2-92250514-6) Robber Sydney Smith1.(1989) Warfare & Diplomacy in Pre-Colonial West Africa.(pp54-62) University of Wisconsin press. Available in the University library Available in local bookshops Available on the web Personal collection Available in the National library