December 2009 - Version 2.

1
PSM Committee
G UIDELINES FO R
PREPARATIO N O F
FINAL YEAR PRO JEC T REPO RT
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ii



TABLE OF CONTENTS


CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF APPENDICES vi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Draft Copy 1
1.3 Final Draft Copy 2
1.4 Final Report 2
1.5 Expenditure 2
1.6 Plagiarism 2
2 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT 4
2.1 Organization of the Report 4
2.2 Supervisors Endorsement 5
2.3 Title Page 5
2.4 Declaration Page 6
2.5 Dedication Page 6
2.6 Acknowledgement 6
2.7 Abstract 6
2.8 Table of Contents 7
2.9 List of Tables 7
2.10 List of Figures 8
2.11 List of Symbols/Abbreviations/Notation/ Terminology 8
2.12 List of Appendices 8
2.13 Main Text 8
2.13.1 Mathematical Equation 10
2.13.2 Table in Text 10
iii

2.13.3 Figure in Text 11
2.14 References 11
2.15 Appendices 13
3 FORMAT OF REPORT 14
3.1 Language 16
3.2 Paper and Size 16
3.3 Margin 16
3.4 Pagination 17
3.5 Numbering of Chapter and Sub-Chapter 17
3.6 Typing 17
3.7 Spacing 18
3.8 Printing and Binding 18
4 LITERATURE CITATION 19
4.1 Introduction 19
4.2 Oxford System of Referencing 19
4.3 Different Language of Report and Quotation 19
4.4 Reference List 19
REFERENCES 20
APPENDICES 23















iv



LIST OF TABLES


TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Arrangement of parts in a report 4
2.2 Comparison of experimental and computer simulation results 10











v



LIST OF FIGURES


FIGURE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Number of Population in Jasin by Races 11



























vi



LIST OF APPENDICES


APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
A Front Cover of Report 22
B Back Cover of Report 23
C Sample of Supervisor Endorsement 24
D Format of Report Title Page 25
E Sample of Declaration 26
F Sample of Dedication 27
G Sample of Acknowledgement 28
H Sample of Abstract in English 29
I Sample of Abstract in Bahasa Melayu 30
J Sample of Table of Content 31
K Sample of List of Tables 33
L Sample of List of Figures 34
M Sample of List of Symbols 35
N Sample of List of Appendices 36
O Sample of Format of Report 37









CHAPTER 1


INTRODUCTION


1.1 Introduction

It is a graduation pre-requisite for final year students in Faculty of Electrical
Engineering (FKE), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) to submit their final
year project report. This guide is an adaptation of the Centre for Graduate Studies of
UTeM guidelines for thesis preparation 2008. It is compiled to help final year students in
the preparation of their Final Year Project report. It deals only with the submission and
physical format of the report. It is the responsibility of each student to ensure that his or
her report conforms to the Guidelines. The supervisors can advise students in the
preparation of the report. Further information or clarification on the Guidelines is
available at the FKE.

The following order of report sections is intended to serve as a guide. Not all
reports will follow this format. Many of these sections are self-explanatory. Finally FKE
wishes the best of luck to all students during the preparation of the report. May all final
year project reports will be of good quality and standard.


1.2 Draft Copy

Students should submit a draft copy to supervisor for proof reading before they
submit their final draft report. This is to ensure that the proper format has been followed
before the copies are sent for examination.



2


1.3 Final Draft Copy

Two (2) copies of the final draft report must be submitted to supervisor and panel
for examination and evaluation.


1.4 Final Report

After following examination and having done all the corrections/amendments as
recommended by the examiners, the student must submit two (2) copies of the approved
work to the Faculty with FKE front (APPENDIX A) and back cover (APPENDIX B)
press-bind. The report submitted must not more than 100 pages for the text part only;
excluding appendices and Roman numeric pages. The student is also required to submit
two copies(in CD form) of his/her work in PDF format.


1.5 Expenditure

All expenses associated with the final report such as typing, printing, photocopying
and binding will be fully borne by the student.


1.6 Plagiarism

Plagiarism is passing off the work of others as your own. This constitutes
academic theft and is a serious matter which is penalized in overall marking. Plagiarism
simply means submission of an item of assessment containing elements of work produced
by another person(s) in such a way that it could be assumed to be the students own work.
Examples of plagiarism are [1]:

a) the verbatim copying of another persons work without acknowledgement the
close paraphrasing of another persons work by simply changing a few words
or altering the order of presentation without acknowledgement.
3


b) The unacknowledged quotation of phrases from another persons work and/or
the presentation of another persons idea(s) as ones own.
c) Copying or closing paraphrasing with occasional acknowledgement of the
source may also be deemed to be plagiarism if the absence of quotation marks
implies that the phraseology is the students own.
d) Works that may belong to another student or be from a published source such
as a book, report, journal or material available on the internet.
























CHAPTER 2


ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT


2.1 Organization of the Report

The Final Year Project report should consist of certain parts [2-5]. These are
arranged as in Table 2.1:

Table 2.1: Arrangement of parts in a report

Section

SUBJECT STATUS
EXAMPLE
(APPENDIX)
NOTES
2.2
Supervisors
Endorsement
Compulsory C
Without page
number but
counted as (i)
2.3 Title Page Compulsory D
Without page
number but
counted as (ii)
2.4 Declaration Page Compulsory E
Page number using
Roman numeric
(iii)
2.5 Dedication page Optional F
Page number using
Roman numeric (if
any)
2.6 Acknowledgement Optional G
Page number using
Roman numeric (if
any)
2.7
Abstract (English)
Compulsory H,I
Page number using
Roman numeric
Abstrak (Bahasa Melayu)
2.8 Table of Contents Compulsory J
Page number using
Roman numeric
2.9 List of Tables Compulsory K
Page number using
Roman numeric
2.10 List of Figures Compulsory L
Page number using
Roman numeric

5



Section

SUBJECT STATUS
EXAMPLE
(APPENDIX)
NOTES
2.11
List of
Symbols/Abbreviations/
Notation/ Terminology
Compulsory
(if any)
M
Page number using
Roman numeric
2.12 List of Appendices
Compulsory
(if any)
N
Page number using
Roman numeric
2.13 Text Compulsory O
Page number using
Arabic numeric
starting with page
1
2.14 References Compulsory -
Page number using
Arabic numeric,
continue from the
text
2.15 Appendices Optional -
Page number using
Arabic numeric,
continue from the
References.


2.2 Supervisors Endorsement

Final year project report that is submitted for examination must be endorsed and
signed by respective project supervisor. The format of the supervisor endorsement page is
shown in Appendix C.


2.3 Title Page

The title of report should be as concise as possible, giving an accurate description
of the work. Title page must contain information listed in the following order:
- Title of the thesis (must be written properly without short form)
- Students full name as in identity card
- Statement of award for the project
- Name of Faculty
- Name of the University
- Month and Year of submission

6


The statement of award for the project should state the purpose and the award for
which the project is submitted. It can be stated as followed:

This Report is Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor
in Electrical Engineering (Industrial Power)

The format of the title page is shown in Appendix D.


2.4 Declaration Page

This page should contain declaration by the student on originality of the report.
The declaration should be signed by the student. An example is provided in Appendix E.


2.5 Dedication Page

The dedication must be brief, not more than one paragraph and must not contain
any number, chart or photograph. Refer to the example in Appendix F.


2.6 Acknowledgement

Most report will include a brief statement of thanks and appreciations in
recognition of special assistance (including financial) and guidance given by individuals,
institutions or government bodies in successfully producing the project. This should be
written in one page. Refer Appendix G for the example.


2.7 Abstract

Abstracts in both Bahasa Melayu and English are mandatory. An abstract is
different from synopsis or summary of a report. It should briefly outline the research
problem addressed by the project, methodology, findings and significance of the work in
7


the context of the field of study. The abstract should not exceed one (1) page and less than
300 words. It must be written in English and followed by the translation in Bahasa
Melayu. Example can be seen in Appendix H (English) and Appendix I (Bahasa Melayu).


2.8 Table of Contents

The titles of sections, chapters and their principal subdivisions along with the page
numbers on which they appear should be listed in the Table of Contents. Titles should be
worded exactly as they appear in the text of the report. Report with many subsections
should use a hierarchical numbering system for headings and sub-headings (i.e., 2.1, 2.2,
2.3, etc). All chapters and their sub-sections must be labeled and numbered. The chapters
are numbered using Arabic numeral, i.e. Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3 and so on. The
number of chapters is not rigid but it must consist of following items:
- Introduction
- Literature Review
- Methodology
- Result and Discussion
- Conclusion

Please refer Appendix J for the example.


2.9 List of Tables

This list consists of the exact titles (including numbering) of all tables that appear
in the report. All tables should be numbered consecutively throughout the text. See
example in Appendix K.





8


2.10 List of Figures

All figures must be numbered consecutively throughout the text. See Appendix L for
an example.


2.11 List of Symbols/Abbreviations/Notation/ Terminology

This list is optional, depending on the subject matter or technicality of the report.
All scientific symbols and nomenclature should follow the standard SI- system. See
example in Appendix M.


2.12 List of Appendices

Appendices are not a compulsory in a report but if any, it must be listed in the List
of Appendices. Refer Appendix N for an example.


2.13 Main Text

The main body of the report is usually arranged into consecutively numbered
chapters or sections. The internal organization of the report is the responsibility of the
student in consultation with his/her project supervisor(s) in accordance to the format given
in section Table of Content. The organization will partly depend on the field of study.
Each chapter must be started at new page. Text is written by paragraph. Avoid writing too
long paragraph. As a whole, the font of the main text should be the Times New Roman,
font size12 with 1.5-spacing. The report will often include the following chapters:

Chapter 1 Introduction
The first chapter should include problem statement/hypothesis, project objectives
and scope/limitation of the project.


9


Chapter 2 Literature Review
This chapter should highlight past studies related to the subject of the
project/literature survey. Background theory might also be included in this chapter.

Chapter 3 Methodology
All relevant experimental and descriptive techniques used in the project should be
outlined, such that the study could be repeated by another researcher. It is
recommended to use flow chart with clear explanation to present the project
methodology. The sentences should be in past tense and passive voice. Reference
methods to other researchers should be made where appropriate.

Chapter 4 Results
Visually and textually represent project findings. Visual representation of results:
graphs, tables, diagrams and charts. This may be presented as a single chapter,
divided separately into appropriate section or in two or more chapters to include the
analysis and presentation of data. The results should be interpreted.

Chapter 5 Analysis and Discussion of Results
This provides analysis and discussion on the results of the project, stressing the
significance and implications of the findings of the project undertaken.
Contributions of project findings to the field of study should be highlighted.

Chapter 6 Conclusion and Recommendation
This chapter contains a brief summary of the entire work, including methods,
results and major conclusions /recommendations arising from the work. This
chapter can be written in a single section or in separately numbered sections.
Weaknesses, shortcomings and strengths of the project are presented.
Recommendations for future work may also be included together with contributions
of project. Any potential of or practical application must also be included.

For more detail description, please refer Guidelines for the Implementation of
Final Year Project. It is acceptable for individual chapter to be self-contained, including
their own introduction, methods, results and discussions, as is often the case where
individual chapter being submitted for publication. However, in such report a broader
10


introduction to the whole project should be included to tie the chapters or sections together
and to provide the framework for the whole project.

2.13.1 Mathematical Equation
Mathematical equation or any equations must be written in a single line and right-
justify. It also needs to be numbered consecutively as follows;
Output voltage, 1
(
= +
(

f
o i
i
R
V V
R
(2.1)
Therefore
Gain, =
o
v
i
V
A
V
(2.2)

2.13.2 Table in Text
Tables that situated in text must be numbered. The caption for tables is placed
above the table itself. The table must be mentioned or referred in text before the table
appears. The table number assigned must refer to the chapter number. Example:

Table 2.2: Comparison of experimental and computer simulation results
Distance Ratio
Experiment
(Mean value)
Computer Simulation
(Mean Value)
0.125 0.25 0.137
0.250 0.46 0.560
0.375 0.63 0.738
0.500 0.75 0.861
0.625 0.83 0.939
0.750 0.88 0.981
0.875 0.93 0.997
1.000 1.00 1.000


11


2.13.3 Figure in Text
Figures may be a diagram, map, chart, graph and others. Each figure must be clear
and high quality. The caption for figure is placed below the figure itself. In contrast, the
figure must be mentioned in text before the figure appears. Use Figure 1.1, not Fig.
1.1, in the text, as well as for captions. For example, Figure 2.1 shows the population in
Jasin by races.

500, 86%
50, 9%
20, 3%
10, 2%
malay
chinese
indian
others

Figure 2.1: Population in Jasin by races

2.14 References

References are sources that may referred by writer during final year project. They
may be from work presented in journal or newspaper articles, government reports, books
or specific chapters of books, research dissertations or theses and material from the Internet
etc. Thus the references must be listed in References page. The following bibliographic
style must be followed [6]:

- Reference from journals:-
Format:
Initials, Author, Title of article. Full Title of Journal, Volume number
(Issue/Part number), Page numbers, Year.

12


Example:
T.M. & Lee, Kalotas, A.R. A Simple Device To Illustrate Angular
Momentum Conservation And Instability. American Journal of Physics, Vol.
58, pp.80 - 81, 1990.

- Reference from books:-
Format:
Initials, Author, Title of book. Edition. Place: Publisher, Year
Example:
E.E., Conn, P.K., Stumpf, G. & Doi, R.H., Bruenmig, Outlines of
Biochemistry, 5th ed.. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987.

- Reference from edited books:-
Format:
Initials, Author, Title of book. Edition. (only include this if not the first
edition) Place: Publisher, Year
Example:
A.D, Horking, Moulds And Yeasts Associated With Foods of Reduced
Water Activity: Ecological Interactions. In Food Preservation by Moisture
Control (Seow, C.C., 2
nd
ed.), pp. 57-72. London, Elsevier Applied Science
Publication, 1988.

- Reference from conference proceedings:-
Format:
Initials, Author, Title of article. Full Title Proceeding,(Author, Initials), Page
numbers, Year
13



Example:
M.D., Hassan & H., Norshimah, Designing of Primers for Cloning of Papaya
Ringspot Virus Coat Protein Gene. Proceedings of the 8th National
Biotechnology Seminar (Hasanah, M.G.: Khatijah, M.Y. & Marziah, M.), pp.
172-174, 1996.
- Reference from papers presented at conferences, but unpublished:-

Format:
Initials, Author, Title of article. Full Title Proceeding,(Author, Initials), Year
Example:
H. A. Nimr, "Defuzzification of the outputs of fuzzy controllers," presented at
5th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Cairo, Egypt, 1996.

- Anonymous (authorless) reference:-
Example:
Anonymous External Trade in Sago Flour And Sago Starch, 1985-1995.
Agricultural Statistics, Sarawak. Planning Division, Department of
Agriculture, Sarawak, Malaysia. 1996.

- Reference from Publications of international bodies/agencies:-
Example:
WHO Environmental Health Criteria 39: Paraquat and Diquat. World Health
Organization, Geneva, 1984.





14


- Reference from Websites:-
Format:
Initials, Author, Title of article. Full Title of Journal, [type of medium]
Volume number (Issue/Part number), Page numbers if available. Available at:
include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and additional
details of access, such as the routing from the home page of the source. N.B.
the URL should be underlined [Accessed date]
Example:
J.M., Boughton, The Bretton Woods Proposal: An Indepth Look.Political
Science Quarterly, [online]. 42 (6), Available at:
http://www.pol.upenn/articles (Blackwell Science Synergy) [accessed 12 June
2005]

- Reports (technical reports, internal reports, memoranda)
Example:
K. E. Elliott and C. M. Greene, A local adaptive protocol, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, France, Tech. Rep. 916-1010-BB, 1997.

- Thesis or dissertation
Example:
H. Zhang, Delay-insensitive networks, M.S. thesis, University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, ON, Canada, 1997.

- Manual



Example:
Bell Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff, Transmission System for
Communications, Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1995.





15


- Class notes



Example:
Signal integrity and interconnects for high-speed applications, class notes
for ECE 497-JS, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Winter 1997.

- Patents



Example:
K. Kimura and A. Lipeles, "Fuzzy Controller Component," U. S. Patent
14,860,040, December 14, 1996

2.15 Appendices

This section contains list of supplementary illustrative material, original data or
computer programming. Sometimes quotations are too long for inclusion in text and not
immediately essential to an understanding of the subject so they should be put in
Appendices.






CHAPTER 3

FORMAT OF REPORT

3.1 Language
The language of the report should be as direct and simple, as the subject matter will
allow. Several standard guides to the acceptable grammars are as listed below:

- W.G., Campbell, Form and Style: Thesis, Reports, Term Papers. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1986
- M.M., Reynolds, Guide to Thesis and Dissertations: An International
Bibliography of Bibliographies. Phoenix, Ariz.: Onyx Press, 1985.
- K.L., Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Thesis, and
Dissertations. London: Longman, 1982.
- Zainal Abidin Bakar, Teknik Menulis Tesis. Kuala Lumpur: Eastview
Production, 1983
- Slade, C. , Form and Style: Research Papers, Reports, Theses. 12
th
ed., Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 2003

3.2 Paper and Size

White, good-quality (not lighter than 80 grams) paper of A4 size (210 x 297 mm)
should be used for all submitted copies of the report.

3.3 Margin

The top and bottom margins of all pages should be at least 2.5 cm wide. The right
page margin should be 2.5 cm wide and left page margin should be 3 cm wide for binding
purposes as shown in Appendices.
17


3.4 Pagination

Pages should be numbered consecutively throughout the report, including pages of
figures, tables and appendices. Page numbers should be righted at the top of the page that
is 1.25 cm from the top and 2.5 cm from the right. Pagination must follow these
arrangements:
a) The title page should not be numbered but accounted as i.
b) Preliminary pages (i.e. those preceding Chapter 1 must carry page numbers in
small roman numerals (ii, iii, etc.).
c) Pagination begins with the first page of Chapter 1 (i.e., Introduction) using
Arabic numeral (1, 2, 3, etc.) but the numbers should not be printed. Similarly,
the first page of all chapters should be counted but the numbers should not be
printed.
d) The pages of the appendices should also be typed according to the above
pagination system.


3.5 Numbering of Chapter and Sub-Chapter

All chapters and their sub-sections must be labeled and numbered. The chapters are
numbered using Arabic numeral, i.e. Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3 and so on. The sub-
sections should not be indented but arranged in a structured manner not more than four
levels as follows:
CHAPTER 2 First level (Title of Chapter)
2.1 Second level (Title of the sub-title)
2.1.1 Third level (Title of the sub-sub-title)
2.1.1.1 Fourth level (Title of the sub-sub-sub-title)

3.6 Typing

A report should be typed using MS Word or text processor with font type of Times
New Roman and size 12. The spacing is 1.5-line spacing and the alignment is justified.
The report should use one sided of page only. The title of each chapter should be typed
using capital letters and centered. Chapters and their sub-sections must be given titles. The
18


titles should be typed using bold letters and should not be underlined. The first letter of
each word for sub-title must be capital letter.


3.7 Spacing

Student must follow these rules for spacing:
a) Spacing between top margin and number of chapter is 2x1.5-line spacing.
b) Spacing between number of chapter and title of chapter is 2x1.5-line spacing.
c) Spacing between title of chapter and the first line in text is 2 x1.5-line spacing.
d) Spacing between sub-title and the last line in text before the sub-title is 2x1.5-
line spacing.
e) Spacing between sub-title and the following first line in text is 1x1.5-line
spacing.
f) Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5-line spacing.
g) Start the sub-title at the right margin.
h) Do not start the first line of a paragraph at the bottom of the page.
i) Spacing between the last line with the figure and table is 1x1.5-line spacing.

3.8 Printing and Binding
The report submitted for examination or binding must be printed using a laser
printer or similar quality machines. The report must be bind using press-binding.






CHAPTER 4


LITERATURE CITATION


4.1 Introduction

During writing a report, it is usual to support arguments by reference to other
published work. Citation is the practice of referring to the work of other authors in the
text. Such works are cited to show evidence both of the background reading that has been
done and to support the content and conclusions. Each citation requires a reference at the
end of the work; this gives the full details of the source item and should enable it to be
traced. Referring accurately to such source materials is part of sound academic practice
and a skill that should be mastered.


4.2 Oxford System of Referencing

UTeM follows the Oxford System for literature citation and referencing.
References in the text must match the reference list both in number and style. All sources
must be mentioned in the text. References must be numbered in the order in which they
appear in the text. Once the source is labelled, the same number is used in all subsequent
references. Each reference number should be enclosed by square brackets on the text line,
with a space before the bracket and before the punctuation [6]. For example,
It has been argued that the relative seriousness of the two kinds of errors differs from
situation to situation [1].


20


It is not necessary to mention the author(s) of the reference unless it is relevant to
the text. The date of the reference should not be mentioned too in the text. It is not
necessary to say "in reference [27]. . . ." "In [27] . . ." is sufficient. However, the reference
can be cited as follows:
As Smithsky [3] points out,..
To cite more than one source at a time:
[1, 5, 7]
[1-5]


Unless when referring to a complete book or article, it is also need to identify the page
number(s) of the source of information. Indicate exact page numbers of a source within the
brackets after a comma [4, pp. 3-6], or by a simple rhetorical device in the text such as,

However, on page 79 of [5] the author seems to contradict himself when he
states

To cite a reference with more than three authors;

Boyd et al. [4] have indicated











4.3 Different Language of Report and Quotation

21


Quotation in text must be written in a single paragraph. If the language used by the
quotation is different from the language used in the report, the word must be italic. For
example;

Recurrent neural network is proven to be a good method in short term load forecasting as
stated in [2];

Struktur pemodelan yang digunakan dalam tugas akhir ini adalah recurrent neural
network. Hal ini dikarenakan dengan menggunakan metode recurrent neural network,
jumlah iterasi atau epoch yang diperlukan , dan kecepatan konvergensi untuk mencapai
nilai error yang diinginkan dalam proses forecasting dapat jauh lebih sedikit daripada
metode lain ataupun metode neural network yang lain, meskipun pada saat awal
menggunakan variable weight dan bias yang random.

4.4 Reference List
References must be listed in the order they were cited. The references must not be
in alphabetical order. The bracketed number should be underlined. Only one reference per
bracketed number should be listed.














22


REFERENCES


[1] A Guide To The Preparation, Submission and Examination of Theses,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2004.

[2] Gaya Penulisan Tesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2005.

[3] Guide To Thesis Preparation, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2007.

[4] Panduan Menulis Tesis dan Salinan E-Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
Sekolah Pengajian Siswazah, 2007.

[5] , Panduan Penyediaan Laporan Projek
Tahun Akhir, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1998.

[6] Sample References, IEEE Format, EE155 Course Notes Fall (Electrical Engineering
Seminar) and EE333T Course Notes (Technical Communications), 1998.










23


APPENDIX A
Front Cover of Report

(Title also must leave 2.5cm margin on either side)
DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC POWER
FACTOR CORRRECTOR
(Font size 12, Uppercase;bold)
Abdul bin Mohamad
(Font 12 lower case, bold)
Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering
May 2009
(Font 12 lower case, bold)
24


APPENDIX B
Back Cover of Report

25


2.5 cm
APPENDIX C
Sample of Supervisor Endorsement








I hereby declare that I have read through this report entitle title of the project and
found that it has comply the partial fulfillment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of
Electrical Engineering (Industrial Power)


Signature : .......................................................

Supervisors Name : .......................................................

Date : ......................................................








2.5 cm
3 cm
2.5 cm
26


2.5 cm
APPENDIX D
Format of Report Title Page


TITLE OF PROJECT
(Font size 12,Bold,Uppercase)






NAME OF STUDENT
(Front size 12, Bold, Uppercase)






A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of_______________________
(Font size 12,Bold)




Faculty of Electrical Engineering
(Front size 12,Bold)
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
(Font size 12, Bold, Uppercase)




YEAR
(Font size 12, Bold, Uppercase)



2.5 cm
2.5 cm
3 cm
2.5 cm
X cm
X cm
Y cm
Y cm
2.5 cm
27


2.5 cm
APPENDIX E
Sample of Student Declaration







I declare that this report entitle title of the project is the result of my own research except
as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not
concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree.

Signature : ...........................................................

Name : ...........................................................

Date : ..........................................................











2.5 cm
3 cm
2.5 cm
28


2.5 cm
APPENDIX F
Sample of Dedication









To my beloved mother and father















2.5 cm
3 cm
2.5 cm
29


2.5 cm
APPENDIX G
Sample of Acknowledgement

2 x 1.5-line spacing

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

2 x 1.5-line spacing
1.27cm
In preparing this report, I was in contact with many people, researchers,
academicians and practitioners. They have contributed towards my understanding and
thought. In particular, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my main project
supervisor, Professor Dr. Mohd SharifNabi Baksh, for encouragement, guidance critics and
friendship. I am also very thankful to my co-supervisors Professor Dr. Awaluddin Mohd
Shaharoun and Associate Professor Dr. Hishamuddin Jamaluddin for their guidance,
advices and motivation. Without their continued support and interest, this project would
not have been same as presented here.
Ph.D study, Librarians at Cardiff University of Wales and the National. I am also
indebted to University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for funding, my University of
Singapore also deserve special thanks for their assistance in supplying the relevant
literatures.
My fellow postgraduate students should also be recognised for their support. My
sincere appreciation also extends to all my colleagues and others who have provided
assistance at various occasions. Their views and tips are useful indeed. Unfortunately, it is
not possible to list all of them in this limited space. I am grateful to all my family
members.



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APPENDIX H
Sample of Abstract in English

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ABSTRACT

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Process variation is unavoidable and affects quality in manufacturing, and addressing it has
become more challenging due to more stringent demands on manufacturing processes. It is
becoming necessary to very rapidly identify sources of unnatural variation for diagnostic
and intervention purposes. As such, it is crucial that process variability patterns be
recognised in a timely manner, as waiting for process deterioration to develop fully could
be too late for preventive purposes or my even catastrophic. The purpose of this study was
develop a scheme for enabling on-line recognition of such patterns on Shewhart charts
even as they are developing. Extensive simulations were performed and a scheme that can
address the requirements is proposed. Evaluation was based on recognition accuracy,
average run length, type I error, type II error, and a new measure, average recognition
attempts. It was found that a scheme developed using a minimal set of statistical features
for input representation, compact structure of artificial neural network pattern recognisers,
synergy of specialised and generalised recognisers, and joint monitoring by runs rules and
CUSUM resulted in the best scheme among the alternative designs developed. This
scheme showed significant improvement in overall performance and, among others, timely
and accurate on-line recognition, ignoring unnecessary recognition of stable processes and
capability to recover from false alarms. The findings suggest that the recognition of
developing control chart patterns should be addressed from an interlinking monitoring and
recognition perspective and by implementing a recognise only when necessary
philosophy. The framework used to develop the scheme is general enough for further
investigation by either evaluating other designs of its components or by extending its
application to other problems.
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APPENDIX I
Sample of Abstract in Bahasa Melayu

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ABSTRAK
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Variasi proses sentiasa wujud dalam operasi pembuatan, dan menanganinya menjadi
semakin mencabar akibat keperluan proses pembuatan yang semakin rumit. Adalah
penting untuk mengenalpasti secepat mungkin sumber variasi yang tidak tabii untuk tujuan
diagnosis dan pembaikan. Oleh itu, corak variasi proses perlu di kenalpasti tepat pada
masanya. Menunggu kematangan corak variasi akan melewatkan tindakan pencegahan dan
ianya berpotensi mengakibatkan bencana. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk
membangunkan skema yang berupaya menangani keperluan telah dicadangkan.
Keberkesanan skema telah dinilai berdasarkan kepada ketepatan mengecam, berdasarkan
masa-nyata, corak variasi proses di atas carta kawalan Shewhart walaupun corak tersebut
sedang membentuk. Kajian simulasi yang meluas telah dilakukan dan satu skema yang
berupaya menangani keperluan telah dicadangkan. Keberkesanan skema telah dinilai
berdasarkan kepada ketepatan pengecaman, purata panjang larian, ralat jenis I, ralat jenis
II, dan purata percubaan mengecam. Skema yang dibangunkan dengan menggunakan set
sifat statistical minimum bagi perwakilan masukan, struktur pengecam corak rangkaian
neural tiruan yang padat, sinergi di antara pengecam khusus dan umum, dan pemantauan
bersama oleh runs rules dan CUSUM telah menghasilkan skema yang terbaik di antara
reka bentuk alternatif yang dikaji. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa masalah
pengecaman corak variasi yang sedang berkembang sepatutnya ditangani dari perspektif
pemantauan dan pengecaman yang bersepadu, dan melaksanakan falsafah mengecam
hanya bila perlu. Rangka skema di atas adalah bersifat umum dan boleh digunakan untuk
kajian lanjut samada bagi menguji berbagai jenis rekabentuk komponennya atau meluaskan
penggunaannya kepada masalah lain.




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APPENDIX J
Sample of Table of Contents

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi
LIST OF APPENDICES xii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Sub-heading 1 6
2.1.1 Sub-subheading 1 6
2.1.2 Sub-subheading 2 8
2.2 Sub-heading 2 12
2.3 Sub-heading 3 15
2.3.1 Sub-subheading 1 21
2.3.2 Sub-subheading 2 25
2.3.3 Sub-subheading 3 31



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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
3 METHODOLOGY 38
3.1 Sub-heading 1 (e.g Materials) 38
3.2 Sub-heading 2 (Method 1) 42
3.3 Sub-heading 3 (Method 2) 45
3.4 Sub-heading 4 (Method 3) 47
3.4.1 Sub-heading 1 48
3.4.2 Sub-heading 2 50
3.4.3 Sub-heading 3 52


4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 66
4.1 Sub-heading 1 66
4.1.1 Sub-subheading 1 69
4.1.2 Sub-subheading 2 72
4.2 Sub-heading 2 75
4.2.1 Sub-subheading 1 76
4.2.2 Sub-subheading 2 81
4.2.3 Sub-subheading 3 88

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 90

REFERENCES 95
APPENDICES 96








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APPENDIX K
Sample of List of Tables

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LIST OF TABLES
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TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 The role of statistical quality engineering tools and methodologies 16
2.2 Basic ANN models used for control chart pattern recognition 47
2.3 General design strategies/structures for CCPR 49
3.1 The overall research plan 70
3.2 Parameters for simulating individual process variation data 75
3.3 Description of performance measures 92
4.1 Targeted recogniser outputs 103
4.2 Design matrix and results for the preliminary feature screening 108
4.3 Regression analysis for the results of preliminary feature screening 111
4.4 ANOVA for the results of preliminary feature screening 111
4.5 Tentative significant main effects and two-factor interactions 113
4.6 Estimated effects and regression coefficients for the recognisers
performance (reduced model) 116
4.7 ANOVA for the recognisers performance (reduced model) 117






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APPENDIX L
Sample of List of Figures

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LIST OF FIGURES

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FIGURE TITLE PAGE
1.1 Trends leading to the problem 2
1.2 Design and development phases of the proposed scheme 7
1.3 Summary of the research contributions 10
1.4 Organisation of the report 11
2.1 Chance and assignable causes of process variation
(Montgomery, 1996a) 14
2.2 Classification of statistical quality engineering tools 15
2.3 Continuous variability reduction using SPC chart (Revelle and
Harrington, 1992) 19
2.4 Classification of research areas in SPC 20
2.5 Advances in process variation monitoring and recognition using
SPC charting 25
2.6 Nelsons runs rules (Nelson, 1984) 26
2.7 Typical fully developed patterns on Shewhart control chart
(Cheng, 1989) 28






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APPENDIX M
Sample of List of Symbols

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LIST OF SYMBOLS

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D, d - Diameter
F - Force
g - Gravity = 9.81 m/s
I - Moment of inersia
1 - Length
m - Mass
N - Rotaional velocity
P - Pressure
Q - Volumetric flow-rate
r - Radius
T - Torque
Re - Reynold number
V - Velocity
w - Angular velocity
x - Displacement
z - Height
q - Angle
r - Density
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APPENDIX N
Sample of List of Appendices

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LIST OF APPENDICES

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APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
A Examples of possible assignable causes of unnatural control
B Models for generating the control chart patterns (data streams) 103
C1 Mathematical expressions for the statistical features 105
C2 Minimum and maximum feature values 106
C3 Analysis of results for experiments to revise the parameter setting 107














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APPENDIX O
Sample of Format of Report

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CHAPTER 3
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FORMAT OF REPORT
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1.27 cm
Text should be started from here and with 1.5-line spacing. The font for number
and title of chapter is Times New Roman and the font size is 12.
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3.1 Language
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The report must be written in English. The language of the report should be as
direct and simple, as the subject matter will allow.


3.2 Paper and Size

White, good quality (not lighter than 80 grams) paper of A4 size (210 x 297 mm)
should be used for all submitted copies of the report.







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