Chapter 3 States of Matter

3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Solids: 1. Definite ________________
2. Definite ________________________
3. Particles vibrate in _____________________________
4. Particles have ___________________________________

Liquids: 1.
2.
3.
4.
Gases: 1.
2.
3.
4.

Variable shape-_________________________________________________
Definite _________________________
Particles can move around each other
Particles have ______________________________________________

Variable _______________________
Variable _____________________________________________________________
Particles move about ________________________
Particles have ________________________________

Plasma: 1. Exists only at _________________________________________

2. _______________of the matter in the UNIVERSE is plasma
3. Stars are ______________________
Bose-Einstein Condensate Exists only at extremely low temperatures-Groups of atoms behave as a single
Kinetic Theory
Kinetic energy = _______________________________________________________________
The faster an object is moving; the greater its ______________________________.
Kinetic theory states that all particles of matter are in _________________________________.

Do Data Analysis p. 71
Do Section Assessment Questions 1-6 p. 74
Make a poster comparing and contrasting solids, liquids, and gases including the motion and
distance of the particles.

3.2 The Gas Laws

Pressure = ___________________________________________________________________
In a closed container, gases exert ____________________ when the particles of the gas collide with the
walls of the container
Factors That Affect Gas Pressure
_________________________________ raising temp. will increase pressure if volume of gas and # of
particles are kept constant
Inc. in temp. part. move faster part. collide with walls more frequently increased pressure

____________________ Decreasing volume of a gas causes an increase in pressure if the temp. and #
of part. are constant
Decrease in vol. less space particles collide with walls more often inc. pressure
______________________________ increasing the number of particles of a gas will increase pressure
if temp. and volume are constant
Inc. # of particles particles collide with container more often inc. pressure
Gas Laws
Charles Law ___________________of a gas is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to ____________________________
Inc. Temp. x2 Inc. Vol. x2 Do all of the rewrites of this equation below.
V1 = V2
T1
T2
Boyles Law __________________ of a gas is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to _____________________
Inc. Vol. x2 Dec. pressure by Do all of the rewrites of this equation below.
P1V1 = P2V2

_________________________________ relates temperature, volume and pressure of a gas. Do all of

the rewrites of this equation below.
P1V1
=
P2V2
T1
T2

Do Quick lab-can crushing p. 79

Section assessment questions 1-7 p. 81
Do Boyles, Charles, and Combined Gas Law Problem Sheets
Do Boyles and Charless Law labs

3.3 Phase Changes

_____________________________ reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes
from one state of matter to another
___________________________ of a substance DOES NOT CHANGE during a phase change. ex. freezing
and melting temps. are the same.
Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change:
1. Endothermic _______________________________________________________
2. Exothermic _________________________________________________________
Melting and Freezing
Melting: 1. Solid changes to _______________________
2. Particles ____________________________ (endothermic)

3. Particles become _______________________________

Freezing: 1. Liquid changes to ____________________
2. Particles ________________________ (exothermic)
3. Particles become _____________________________________
Vaporization and Condensation
Vaporization: 1. Liquid changes into a -___________________________
2. Particles ___________________________________ (endothermic)
3. Particles become -_________________________ and more free to move
4. 2 types of vaporization: a. _________________ takes place at the surface of a liquid
b. _______ occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point
Condensation: 1. Gas changes to a ___________________
2. Particles _________________________________________ (exothermic)
3. Particles become ______________________________________
Sublimation and Deposition
Sublimation: 1. Changing from a solid directly to a ________________
2. Energy is _______________________ (endothermic)
Deposition: 1. Changing from a gas directly to a ____________________________
2. Energy is _______________________ (exothermic)

Section Assessment Questions 1-6 p. 91

Quick Lab Observing Phase Changes
Exploration Lab: Investigating Changes in Temperature During Heating of Solids.