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Hwa Chong Model ASEAN Summit

The Sabbatical Session


8 March 2010 12 March 2010

Delegates Handbook

HC Model ASEAN Summit Participants

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Introduction to ASEAN
Extracted from Hwa Chong Model ASEAN Summit Concept Paper., 2006.
Today, ASEAN is not only a well-functioning, indispensable reality in the region. It is a real force to be reckoned with far beyond the region. It is also a trusted partner of the United Nations in the field of development" Kofi Annan Secretary-General of the United Nations 16 February 2000 (Taken from the ASEAN Secretariat web site, 2006) In his book, Can Asians Think, Kishore Mahbubani referred to the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as one of the most underrated organisations of contemporary times (Mahbubani, 1998, pg. 157). Its unique role in strengthening the consolidated position of Southeast Asian countries has often been neglected. Since the conclusion of World War 2, Southeast Asia has been described by regional experts as the Balkans of Asia a region of diverse race, religion, language, culture, history and geography, according to former Singapore Ambassador to the UN, Kishore Mahbubani (Mahbubani, 2005, pg. 208). Founded in 1967 by five original Member Countries in Bangkok; Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, ASEAN has since grown to incorporate a total of 10 South East Asian nations. Against the backdrop of communist insurgency and the need to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development, ASEAN was born. However, ASEAN was bound by a common need for stability and growth to counter and deny the communists the social and economic conditions for revolution (Lee, 2000, pg. 369). It took ten years before ASEAN developed cohesion and direction in its activities, built upon an organization which worked upon the principles of no interference, but took into consideration the interests of others, as mentioned by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew in his memoirs, From Third World to First (Lee, 2000, pg. 370). This concept was further reiterated by Kishore Mahbubani; he opined that in the crucial early years, all members realized that ASEAN could not succeed if any of its members tried to dominate the proceedingseach would have to be sensitive to the interests of others. The seeds for future success as a regional body by developing consensus were thus sown. Moreover, when consensus was not achieved, countries tried to settle for a compromise or a promise of

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cooperation (Lee, 2000, pg. 372). As of today, the ASEAN system of consensus has generated mutual trust and comfort amongst its Member Countries, more so than any other organisation (Mahbubani, 1998, pg. 159-160). ASEAN solidarity has been put to the test on various occasions, most notably during the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia from 1978 to 1991 and it was spearheaded by the efforts of the late former Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. S. Rajaratnam. It involved striking a balance between maintaining the unity of ASEAN by opposing the interests and policies of Thailand and Indonesia while being successful in the isolation of Vietnam at the UN and international gatherings, as recounted by Minister Mentor Lee (Lee, 2000, pg. 374). This best illustrates the intricate balance between persevering and regional consensus while maintaining national interests, illustrating the art of diplomacy and negotiation at its best. From the ASEAN Secretariat web site (2006): The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are: (1) to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region and (2) to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter. By the mid 1980s, ASEAN had evolved to become the most dynamic region of the developing world. The Member Countries growing economic dynamism made them attractive as economic political partners(ASEAN) grew into a coherent organisation with a common voice on major issues, leading more countries to join as its dialogue partners at annual meetings (Lee, 2000, pg. 382). ASEAN holds regular dialogues with major powers, including the +3 partners (China, Japan & South Korea see Appendix D)the United States and Australia (Mahbubani, 2005, pg. 138-139). These countries, including China and the United States, play a pivotal role in the balance of power in the region, and also, dialogues with these countries have provided ASEAN with opportunities to develop its diplomacy skills (Dzafir, 2005, pg. 261). Singapore through the decades, has worked towards three major achievements (Singapores permanent interests) namely, the protection of Singapore sovereignty and independence, the fostering of ASEAN cooperation and the maintenance of a stable balance of power in Southeast Asia, as outlined by Minister for Home Affairs, Mr. Wong Kan Seng, in the collection, The Little Red Dot: Reflections by Singapores Diplomats. He emphasised that ASEANs emergence as a viable and credible regional organisation is unique in the Third World and it is easy to take ASEAN and good relations with our neighbours for granted, that stability is not a natural state of affairs, but the result of conscious policy decisionsto seek accommodation and compromiseto ensure peace and stability in the region (Wong, 2005, pg. 52).

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In the post Cold-War era, ASEAN cooperation has been strengthened with the establishment of several plans and programmes in tandem with the key pillars of ASEAN (ASEAN Economic Community, ASEAN Socio-cultural Community & ASEAN Security Community) that have bore fruit including ASEAN Tourism (the branding of ASEAN as a single tourism region), the signing of the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone and the establishment ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) in January 1992 (see Appendix C). 2003 saw ASEAN Leaders coming together, resolving that an ASEAN Community shall be established comprising three pillars: the ASEAN Security Community, ASEAN Economic Community and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. Outside the European Union, ASEAN has remained as one of the strongest associations of nations representing a successful form of regional cooperation. In the UN, ASEAN has played an important role in strengthening and safeguarding the consolidated position and varied interests of its Member Countries. This unique position of this entity has since been further recognised by the international community 4th December 2006 marked the day ASEAN was accorded with United Nations (UN) Observer Status by the United Nations (UN), supported by over 70 countries in the General Assembly (ASEAN Secretariat, 2006).

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Rationale
The ASEAN Vision 2020, adopted by the ASEAN Leaders on the 30th Anniversary of ASEAN, agreed on the vision proposed of a concert of Southeast Asian nations, outward looking, living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together in partnership in dynamic development and in a community of caring societies (ASEAN Secretariat, 2006). In tandem with the ASEAN Vision 2020, Model ASEAN aims to replicate the workings of ASEAN, the cooperation between Member Countries, as well as recognise the contributions which this association has made to the progress of the South East Asian region and presenting itself as a consolidated association of regional countries on the world stage. At the same time, it aims to simulate real-world workings of diplomacy and negotiation. Model ASEAN aims to observe the existing Fundamental Principles adopted by existing ASEAN nations (ASEAN Secretariat, 2006), which are as follow: mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations; the right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion; non-interference in the internal affairs of one another; settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner; renunciation of the threat or use of force; and effective cooperation among themselves

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The 7th MAS Secretariat

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Summit Flow
The Structure of the Model ASEAN Summit
The Hwa Chong Model ASEAN Summit is a simulation of the ASEAN Summit and, it models itself after the real-world workings of ASEAN at different official levels Work Group, DirectorGeneral, Senior Official, Ministerial and, last but not least, the leaders level. The 7th Model ASEAN Summit will address issues from 5 main committees- Economics, Human Rights, Environment, Peace and Security and Special Committee. A group of 12 delegates attending the summit will represent one member country and each member country is represented by two delegates in each of the communities. Delegates will role-play diverse subsets of a real ASEAN Summit. The summit will kick off with the ministers of each community coming together for a pre-summit retreat. Delegates will then role play members of the work group and engage in the drafting of the declarations. Upon completion of the Declaration, delegates will role-play Director-Generals and move to a different community, tackling different issues together. They will build on what the work group has achieved and come to a consensus if possible. Following that, delegates will assume the role of Senior Officials and work on other issues in another community before moving on as ministers who will sign the Declarations. The meetings will culminate into the ASEAN Summit which would involve a roundtable, formal discussion between the Heads of State and the ASEAN Secretariat. In a nutshell, delegates will get to experience the real-world workings of ASEAN at every official level, however, with different issues to tackle.

PRE-SUMMIT
Information Paper and Agenda
Before the summit, each member country would have received the information paper, detailing the background of the issues at hand. The agenda of the meeting would also have been sent out by the Model ASEAN Secretariat. Member Countries are to prepare draft positions papers for different issues based on their national interest. This is to be submitted to the Model ASEAN Secretariat but it will not be disclosed. Each member country will also receive a country parameter with respect to each community.

National Assembly
The National Assembly would be a time for nations to determine their countrys stand. Countries are to use the time to come up with their Position Papers and Draft Declarations for all 5 committees. Delegates are expected to use their time wisely and consolidate the knowledge and experiences of one another in the team to discuss these documents.

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DURING THE SUMMIT


Position Paper and Declaration
During the summit, delegates will participate in workshops which will impart skills and tips essential in drafting position papers and declarations. Delegates will work collectively as a nation on their position papers and declarations after each days proceedings.

Debate Sessions
Delegates will engage in debate on the draft declarations throughout the summit. The debate will start off with the ministerial retreat, followed by the work-group level, directorgeneral level, ministerial signing ceremony and finishes with the summit proper.

Notes:

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Guide to Position Paper


A position paper briefly outlines the national interest of the member country. It provides an overview of the delegates stand on various issues on the agenda of each Community. The position paper also indicates to the Model ASEAN Summit (MAS) Secretariat of the delegations readiness for the Summit. However, the most important rationale is to serve as an important reminder to the delegation of their countrys stand on various issues. Every member country is to submit a position paper for each of the Community prior to the Summit. Points to note for building your position paper: a. Each position paper is to be kept at a minimum length of 1 page and a maximum length of 2 pages, in Times New Roman at a 10 point font size, and single-space. b. Layout of position paper: Name of country you are representing: Top left corner. Name of your school: Top right corner. (It is not necessary to put your name anywhere as you will be recognised as a delegate of your represented country throughout the summit.) Name of your community: At centre and underlined. The following sentence is to be used in every single position paper as an opening statement: The issues before (your community name) are: position paper). (list all topics to be discussed in the

The actual body of the paper on each topic should contain the following:

The number of the topic. The topic area should be in bold and underlined. A general sentence clearly stating the countrys position (e.g. The Republic of Singapore strongly believes that security . . . ). An elaboration of the position (e.g. may use quotes from past agreements, from ASEAN Charter, or any other international documents relevant to the topic). References to the member countrys past experiences with regards to the issue at hand. Your member countrys current policies toward each of issues. If your countrys policies have changed over time, explain why this has occurred. Your states proposed solutions to the problems for issues. Conclusion restate the countrys position on the topic. c. Do not use the first person address in your paper. Use expressions such as our government, our country, or the name of your country, etc.

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Guide to Declaration
Heading
The date is written towards the left followed by the title in bold.

Body
The declaration is written in the form of a long sentence. Just as grammatical rules make a language more uniform in its usage, so is the declaration in its format. The declaration consists of clauses with the first clause in bold. The next section comprises the Preambulatory Clauses, which describes the problem that is being addressed, recalls past actions taken, explains the purpose of the declaration, and offers support for the operative clauses that follows. Each clause in the preamble begins with an underlined word and ends with a comma. Operative Clauses are numbered and state the action to be taken by the body. All of these clauses begin with present tense, active verbs, which are generally stronger than those used in the Preamble. Each operative clause is followed by a semicolon except the last, which ends with a period.

Ending
The declaration ends with the signatures of the Heads of State.

Declaration Introductory Phrases


The following tables indicate phrases that are suitable for beginning preambulatory and operative clauses, and are not exhaustive.

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PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES
Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Believing Bearing in mind Cognizant of Confident Contemplating Convinced Declaring Deeply concerned Deeply conscious Deeply convinced Deeply disturbed Deeply regretting Desiring Emphasizing Expecting Expressing its appreciation Expressing its satisfaction Fulfilling Fully aware Fully alarmed Fully believing Further deploring Further recalling Guided by Having adopted Having considered Having considered further Having devoted attention Having examined Having heard Having received Having studied Keeping in mind Noting further Noting with regret Noting with satisfaction Noting with deep concern Noting with approval Observing Realizing Reaffirming Recalling Recognizing Referring Seeking Taking into account Taking note Viewing with appreciation Welcoming

OPERATIVE CLAUSES
Accepts Affirms Approves Authorizes Calls for Calls upon Condemns Congratulates Confirms Considers Declares accordingly Deplores Draws attention Designates Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further invites Further proclaims Further remind Further recommends Further requests Further resolves Has resolved Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recommends Reminds Regrets Requests Resolves Solemnly affirms Strongly condemns Supports Takes note of Trusts Urges

Sample Declaration
DONE in Singapore, this Twentieth Day of November in the Year Two Thousand and Seven. Declaration Courtesy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore

ASEAN Declaration on Environmental Sustainability

WE, the Heads of State/Government of Brunei Darussalam, the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Re7th Model ASEAN Summit Pg 11 / 16

public of Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Union of Myanmar, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Member Countries of ASEAN, on the occasion of the 40th Anniversary of ASEAN and the 13th ASEAN Summit in Singapore; Cognizant of mounting global concern over the environment and ASEANs obligations to its people in fulfilling the aims of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) and to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), in particular to ensure environmental sustainability in the context of sustainable development; Noting with concern the findings of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Changes (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) that the warming of the climate system is unequivocal; Further noting with concern, the adverse impacts of climate change caused by global emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly to the developing countries, such as the loss of biodiversity and severe environmental, social, health and economic consequences; Encouraging the efforts to develop an ASEAN Climate Change Initiative; HEREBY DECLARE: 1. To call upon the international community to participate in and contribute to afforestation and 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
reforestation, and to reduce deforestation, forest degradation, and forest fires, including by promoting sustainable forest management and development, and combating illegal logging; To call on the international community to implement debt-for-sustainable development swap arrangements; To intensify cooperation on the joint research, development and deployment of low emission technologies for the cleaner use of fossil fuels, recognising that fossil fuels will continue to play a major role in our energy mix; To achieve by 2010, a significant reduction in the current rate of loss of biodiversity, as pledged by countries at the WSSD in 2002 and as envisaged by the Convention on Biological Diversity; To support the conservation and management of ASEAN Heritage Parks and encourage ASEAN Member Countries to identify more Parks; To ensure the effective implementation of the ASEAN Strategic Plan on Water Resources Management.

Parliamentary Procedure
COMMITTEE RULES OF PROCEDURE
General Rules

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1. LANGUAGE: English will be the official and working language of the throughout
proceedings of the entire summit.

2. DELEGATION: Each member country will be represented by 12 delegates.


3. STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARIAT: The Model ASEAN Secretariat may at any point in time make either written or oral statements to the communities and meetings. 4. GENERAL POWERS OF THE COMMUNITY STAFF: The Chairman of each Community will declare the opening and closing of each dialogue, be it informal or formal. The Chairman, subject to these rules, will have complete control over the proceedings at any meeting. The Chairman will direct discussions, accord the right to speak, ask questions, announce decisions, and ensure and enforce the observance of these rules. The Chairman may temporarily transfer his duties to another member of the Community staff, e.g. The Vice-Chairman. 5. QUORUM: The Chairman can only declare a Community open and permit dialogue sessions to proceed when all members of the Community are present. 6. COURTESY: Delegates will show courtesy and respect to the Community staff and to other delegates. The Chairman possesses the right to disqualify any delegate who fails to comply with this rule. Rules of Parliamentary Procedure 7. SPEAKERS LIST: The Chairman will establish a Speakers List. Delegates who wish to speak may put their name on the Speakers List, and they will be accorded the right to speak in the sequence reflected in the Speakers List.

8. TIME LIMIT ON SPEECHES: The Chairman may limit the time allotted to each speaker. The minimum time limit will be two minutes. 9. COMMENTS: After a delegate has made a speech, other delegates will have the right to comment on the speech made. The Chairman will decide the time limit for comments. Delegates can show their support for the speaker, oppose what the speaker has said or provide constructive feedback through the comments made. After all comments have been made, the speaker will have a total time of 2 minutes to respond to the comments made. 10. FORMAL DIALOGUE: Formal Dialogue would refer to the normal proceedings, with the Chairman facilitating the discussion. Dialogue at all times would be formal unless the committee enters informal dialogue, with the approval of the Chairman.

11. INFORMAL DIALOGUE: The purpose of informal dialogue is to facilitate substantive discussions at critical junctures in the proceedings. During an informal dialogue, the Chairman may choose to break the Community into smaller groups e.g. by their national interest on a particular issue. Delegates should make use of this time to strengthen their blocs and to clarify any doubts among themselves, so that they can present a united front at the proceedings. Delegates should also utilize this time to negotiate with the

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other bloc, such that a consensus can eventually be reached. A delegate can call for informal dialogue at any point in time during formal dialogue, but the delegate calling for it must briefly explain its purpose and propose a time limit for it, not to exceed fifteen minutes. Once called for, the motion will be voted on and a consensus must be reached for informal dialogue to take place. After informal dialogue has ended, a speakers list will be drawn up for the delegates to share what has been discussed during the informal dialogue. The Chairman will decide on the time limit of the speeches to be made. 12. PERSONAL PRIVILEGE: Whenever a delegate experiences personal discomfort which impairs his or her ability to participate actively in the proceedings, he or she may raise his or her placard to inform the Chairman of his or her discomfort, and thereby request for it to be corrected. Delegates experiencing discomfort may interrupt a speaker or even the Chairman. Delegates should use this power with the utmost discretion and not abuse it. 13. PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY: A delegate who is unclear of the rules of procedure should approach the Community staff during informal dialogue to seek clarification on their doubts. Delegates should bear in mind that they are not to interrupt a speaker when inquiring about the rules of procedure. 14. INTRODUCING DECLARATION: Any delegation can submit their Declaration for use as the basis for a Joint Declaration. Once a declaration has been approved as stipulated above and has been copied and distributed, a delegate may rise to introduce the Declarations. The Chair will decide on the time limit for the speaker introducing the declaration. 15. AMENDMENTS: Delegates may amend the declaration that has been introduced. Amendments to amendments are out of order; however, an amended part of a declaration may be further amended. Amendments require a consensus to be passed. 16. CONSENSUS: A consensus must be reached for any motion. 17. NOTE PASSING: Note passing will be allowed among delegates during all meetings. Note passing will not be restricted within the country and community, and should be widely used to communicate discreetly and effectively among delegates.

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Acknowledgements
The 7th HCI Model ASEAN Secretariat 2010 would like to thank: Ministry of Education, Singapore for their generous sponsorship of this event; ASEAN Directorate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for their support and advice; Our Principal, Dr Hon Chiew Weng, for his invaluable advice and unwavering support during the course of this event; Our Deputy Principles, Miss Yeo Hwee Joo and Mr Chung Wen Chee for their timely advice and constant words of encouragement; Our Dean of Student Care, Mr Ng Seaw Choon, for his foresight in formulating the concept for the inaugural HC Model ASEAN Summit and his invaluable advice to ensure the smooth running of the event, Our Resource Person for MAS 2010, Mrs Chan Shu Hwee, for her help and encouragement throughout the planning stages and the actual event; Our Teacher Advisors, Ms Yeo Siok Ee, Mr Russell Corr and Mr Lim Hong Chin, for their invaluable advice, assistance and tremendous amount of legwork in running the event; The Principals, Heads of Department, Teacher Advisors and students from the participating schools for their active support and participation which has gone a long way towards enriching the 7th HCMAS Summit; Mr Huang Guang Di and Mr Paul Goh for their invaluable help in IT related matters; Mr Desmond Tan, Ms Angie Ng and the Mediatech Team for providing AVA equipment and technical support; Mr Tony Siow for his timely and prompt assistance in logistics matters; Mr Lee Teck Kong and Mr Tan Choo Kee for their efficiency in helping us to shortlist HCI candidates for this sabbatical; HCI Estate Department for the upkeep of the facilities; All others who have helped in the organization of the summit.

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