Hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose (sugar), is a serious health problem for those with diabetes.

Hyperglycemia develops when there is too much sugar in the blood. In people with diabetes, there are two specific types of hyperglycemia that occur: hyperglycemia is defined as a blood sugar greater than 90-130 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) after fasting for at least 8 hours. or after-meal hyperglycemia is defined as a blood sugar usually greater than 180 mg/dL. In people without diabetes postprandial or post-meal sugars rarely go over 140 mg/dL but occasionally, after a large meal, a 1-2 hour postmeal glucose level can reach 180 mg/dL. Consistently elevated high post-meal glucose levels can be an indicator that a person is at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes Causes Hyperglycemia in Diabetes Hyperglycemia in diabetes may be caused by: Skipping or forgetting your insulin or oral glucoselowering medicine Eating too many grams of carbohydrates for the amount of insulin administered or just eating too many grams of carbohydrates in general Eating too much food and having too may calories Infection Illness Increased stres

Hypoglycemia is the clinical syndrome that results from low blood sugar. The symptoms of hypoglycemia can vary from person to person, as can the severity. Classically, hypoglycemia is diagnosed by a low blood sugar with symptoms that resolve when the sugar level returns to the normal range. 192.186.1.1Irishbrigade12@yahoo.com

While patients who do not have any metabolic problems can complain of symptoms suggestive of low blood sugar, true hypoglycemia usually occurs in patients being treated for diabetes (type 1 and type 2). Patients with pre-diabetes who have insulin resistance can also have low blood sugars on occasion if their high circulating insulin levels are further challenged by a prolonged period of fasting. There are other rare causes for hypoglycemia, such as insulin producing tumors (insulinomas) and certain medications. symptoms of hypoglycemia While there is some degree of variability among people, most will usually develop symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia when blood glucose levels are lowered to the mid 60's. The first set of symptoms are called adrenergic (or sympathetic) because they relate to the nervous system's response to hypoglycemia. Patients may experience any of the following;

Symptoms of Hyperglycemia in Diabetes It is important to know the early signs of hyperglycemia. If hyperglycemia is left untreated, it may develop into an emergency condition called ketoacidosis (if you have type 1 diabetes) or HHNS (if you have type 2 diabetes). Early signs of hyperglycemia in diabetes include: Increased thirst ,Headaches ,Difficulty concentrating ,Blurred vision .Frequent urination ,Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) ,Weight loss ,Blood glucose more than 180 mg/dL Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes may result in: Vaginal and skin infection,Slow-healing cuts and sores ,Decreased vision ,Nerve damage causing painful cold or insensitive feet, loss of hair on the lower extremities, and/or erectile dysfunction

nervousness, sweating, intense hunger, trembling, weakness, palpitations, and often have trouble speaking.

Treatment of hyperglycemia If you have diabetes and have any of the early signs of hyperglycemia, be sure to test your blood glucose several times. You will need to have a record of several blood glucose readings before you call your health care provider. He or she may recommend the following changes:

Treatment of hypoglycemia The acute management of hypoglycemia involves the rapid delivery of a source of easily absorbed sugar. Regular soda, juice, lifesavers, table sugar, and the like are good options. In general, 15 grams of glucose is the dose that is given, followed by an assessment of symptoms and a blood glucose check if possible. If after 10 minutes there is no improvement, another 10-15 grams should be given. This can be repeated up to three times. At that point, the

Drink more water. Water helps remove the excess glucose from your urine and helps you avoid dehydration. Exercise more. Exercise will help to lower your blood glucose. Caution: If you have type 1 diabetes and your blood glucose is over 240 mg/dL, you need to check your urine for ketones. When you have ketones, do NOT exercise. If you have type 2 diabetes and your blood glucose is over 300 mg/dL, even without ketones, do NOT exercise. Change your eating habits. You may need to meet with the dietitian to change the amount and types of foods you are eating. Change your medications. Your health care provider may change the amount, timing, or type of diabetes medications you take. Do not make adjustments in your diabetes medications without first talking with your health care provider.

patient should be considered as not responding to the therapy and an ambulance should be called.

If you have type 1 diabetes and your blood glucose is more than 250 mg/dL, your doctor may want you to test your urine or blood for ketones. Call your doctor if your blood glucose is consistently greater than 180 mg/dL 1-2 hours after a meal or if you have two consecutive readings greater than 300 mg/dL.