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Pictures: City of Cologne, Drainage office, Photographer: Hubert Harst

Market Study Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants in Europe

Plants Market Volumes Construction firms Trends

Cologne / Oberhausen June 2006

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ecoprog / Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT Market study municipal waste water treatment plants in Europe 2006 / 2007 The market for municipal waste water treatment plants is a long-term growth market. The number of treatment plants, as well as the level of sophistication of their technical equipment, has increased continually since the 1950's. Currently, too, wastewater treatment in Europe is being expanded and upgraded in terms of both quality and quantity. The European Union's policies and financing, and especially its Directive on Urban Waste Water Treatment and the Water Framework Directive, have played a key role in putting momentum into the market. In light of these developments, ecoprog GmbH, together with the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, has studied the market for urban waste water treatment plants in Europe in detail. In the most important markets, such as France, the UK, Italy, Spain, Poland and Romania, subcontractors in these countries have compiled a substantial amount of information about the number and type of plants. Based on our knowledge of the market and detailed surveys, we are able to offer suppliers, the components industry, operators, organisations, promoters of trade and industry, research institutes and consultants an up to date overview of trends, estimates, numbers and facts about the European market for urban waste water treatment plants. The market study for waste water treatment plants 2006 2007 contains the following: an overview of all the significant political, economic, operational and technical trends in urban waste water treatment that influence the supplier market, specific, country-specific estimates of market volumes up to and including 2010, based on a transparent and clear methodology, detailed information about 2,400 waste water treatment plants with a capacity of at least 50,000 population equivalents. This covers approximately 99% of all plants of this size in Europe, which provide approximately two thirds of the capacity in Europe. For about 2,150 of these plants, an accurate quantitative analysis of the plant's capacity, as well as a description of its waste water treatment plants performance, at least according to the basic type of treatment. For about 2,000 of these plants, details of the addresses and contact details for the waste water treatment plant and/or the plant operator.

The study will be available in English and German language from June 2006 for 2,500 incl. VAT. Your contact person: Mark Ding ecoprog GmbH Tel. +49 221 788 03 88- 11 Fax +49 221 788 03 88- 10 m.doeing@ecoprog.com

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Contents

Foreword Management summary

12 14

PART 1: MARKET AND COMPETITION 1 The market for municipal wastewater treatment plants in Europe 1.1 1.2 2 Inventory Market developments

16 18 18 23 28 28 38 43 48 50 58 66 69 72 92 160 164 169 172 201 204 207 210 211 224

Markets by country 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France

2.10 Germany 2.11 Greece 2.12 Hungary 2.13 Ireland 2.14 Italy 2.15 Latvia 2.16 Lithuania 2.17 Luxembourg 2.18 Malta 2.19 Netherlands 2.20 Norway

Extract: Table of Contents Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

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2.21 Poland 2.22 Portugal 2.23 Romania 2.24 Slovakia 2.25 Slovenia 2.26 Sweden 2.27 Switzerland 2.28 Spain 2.29 United Kingdom 228 238 241 249 252 255 262 265 273

Suppliers 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Veolia Water Systems Degrmont plc / Suez Stereau / Saur WTE Wassertechnik GmbH Passavant-Roediger-Anlagenbau GmbH / Bilfinger Berger Cadagua S. A. Biwater Treatment Ltd. Siemens Industrial Solutions and Services (I&S)

285 288 290 292 293 295 296 297 298

PART 2: BACKGROUND 1 2 Demarcation Level of sophistication of equipment 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 Inflow Mechanical treatment Biological treatment Additional processes After-treatment Sludge treatment

300 301 304 304 304 304 305 306 306 307 307

Environmental legislation 3.1 The EU Directive on Urban Waste Water Treatment

Extract: Table of Contents Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

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3.2 3.3 4 The EU Water Framework Directive Other EU directives 312 315 316 316 317 318 321 325 327

Other market factors 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Growth in amounts of waste water and organic loading Age of plants Financing Liberalisation

Technical and operational trends 5.1 5.2 Technological developments to reduce operating costs Technical developments to improve individual steps in the process 5.3 Main areas of research

329 332 333 333 334 334 335 338 340 342 347

Sources / Methodology 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Sources Estimates of capacities Amounts of investment according to process Forecasting methodology and allocation of monetary values

Selected references Glossary / Abbreviations / Translations List of second names List of annexes

Extract: Table of Contents Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

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Table of Figures

Figure 1: Figure 2: Figure 3: Figure 4: Figure 5: Figure 6: Figure 7: Figure 8: Figure 9: Figure 10: Figure 11: Figure 12: Figure 13: Figure 14: Figure 15: Figure 16: Figure 17: Figure 18: Figure 19: Figure 20: Figure 21: Figure 22: Figure 23: Figure 24: Figure 25: Figure 26: Figure 27: Figure 28: Figure 29: Figure 30: Figure 31: Figure 32: Figure 33: Figure 34: Figure 35: Figure 36: Figure 37: Figure 38: Figure 39: Figure 40: Figure 41: Figure 42:

Number of waste water treatment plants in Europe by size Number of waste water treatment plants in Europe by region and country Capacity in Europe by region and country Per capita capacity in Europe Treatment levels in large plants The 20 largest waste water treatment plants in Europe Investment volumes by type of investment Investment volumes by region and country Maintenance by region and country New build by region and country Modernisation by region and country Market appraisal: Austria Waste water treatment plants in Austria by capacity Market appraisal: Belgium Waste water treatment plants in Belgium by capacity Market appraisal: Bulgaria Waste water treatment plants in Bulgaria by capacity Market appraisal: Cyprus Waste water treatment plants in Cyprus by capacity Market appraisal: Czech Republic Waste water treatment plants in the Czech Republic by capacity Market appraisal: Denmark Waste water treatment plants in Denmark by capacity Market appraisal: Estonia Waste water treatment plants in Estonia by capacity Market appraisal: Finland Waste water treatment plants in Finland by capacity Market appraisal: France Waste water treatment plants in France by capacity Market appraisal: Germany Types of organisations responsible for wastewater 2003 Waste water treatment plants in Germany by capacity Market appraisal: Greece Waste water treatment plants in Greece by capacity Market appraisal: Hungary Waste water treatment plants in Hungary by capacity Market appraisal: Ireland Waste water treatment plants in the Ireland by capacity Market appraisal: Italy Waste water treatment plants in Italy by capacity Market appraisal: Latvia Waste water treatment plants in Latvia by capacity

18 18 19 20 21 21 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 38 39 43 44 48 49 50 51 58 59 66 67 69 70 72 74 92 93 94 160 161 164 165 169 170 172 173 201 202

Extract: Table of Contents Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

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Figure 43: Figure 44: Figure 45: Figure 46: Figure 47: Figure 48: Figure 49: Figure 50: Figure 51: Figure 52: Figure 53: Figure 54: Figure 55: Figure 56: Figure 57: Figure 58: Figure 59: Figure 60: Figure 61: Figure 62: Figure 63: Figure 64: Figure 65: Figure 66: Figure 67: Figure 68: Figure 69: Figure 70: Figure 71: Figure 72: Figure 73: Figure 74: Figure 75: Figure 76: Figure 77: Figure 78: Figure 79: Figure 80: Market appraisal: Lithuania 204 Waste water treatment plants in Lithuania by capacity 205 Market appraisal: Luxembourg 207 Waste water treatment plants in Luxembourg by capacity 208 Market appraisal: Malta 210 Market appraisal: The Netherlands 211 Waste water treatment plants in The Netherlands by capacity 212 Market appraisal: Norway 224 Waste water treatment plants in Norway by capacity 225 Market appraisal: Poland 228 Large-scale Polish projects in the wastewater sector 229 Waste water treatment plants in Poland by capacity 230 Market appraisal: Portugal 238 Waste water treatment plants in Portugal by capacity 239 Market appraisal: Romania 241 Waste water treatment plants in Romania by capacity 242 Market appraisal: Slovakia 249 Waste water treatment plants in Slovakia by capacity 250 Market appraisal Slovenia 252 Waste water treatment plants in Slovenia by capacity 253 Market appraisal: Spain 255 Waste water treatment plants in Spain by capacity 256 Market appraisal: Sweden 262 Waste water treatment plants in Sweden by capacity 263 Market appraisal: Switzerland 265 Waste water treatment plants in Switzerland by capacity 266 Market appraisal: United Kingdom 273 Loans from the European Investment Bank 2000 2005 274 Waste water treatment plants in the United Kingdom by capacity 275 Kinds of wastewater waste water treatment plants 301 Area of examination 302 Timeframe for the EU Directive on Urban Waste Water Treatment 309 Extent of implementation of the Directive on Urban Waste Water Treatment 311 Timeframe for the EU Water Framework Directive 313 Cycles of modernisation in Europe 317 Economic development in Europe 319 Proportion of plants under private management 322 Sample distribution of wastewater pump costs over the life cycle of the system 327 Figure 81: Biological stage in a wastewater treatment plant with a regulating mechanism to control the denitrification stage. 338 Figure 82: Bacterial content in the outflow of a conventional waste water treatment plant and a membrane bio reactor compared to the guidelines in the EU Bathing Water Quality Directive 330 Figure 83: Sample costs of investments in construction of new waste water treatment plants 336

Extract: Table of Contents Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

Extract: Chapter: Country Markets, Country: Italy

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2.14

Italy

Figure 39: Market appraisal: Italy

Estimated investment volumes for Italy, 2006 2010 total approx. 5,213 Mio

Newbuild approx. 90 Mio

Percentage of total market

12,4%

Maintenance approx. 1,281 Mio

Renovation / modernisation approx 3,842 Mio

Source: ecoprog / Fraunhofer UMSICHT

Population (Mio. population equivalent) Percentage of population connected to a sewage system Percentage of population connected to a treatment plants

57.6 95% 89%

Total capacity (Mio. PE) Mechanical treatment only Mechanical and biological Additional treatment

64.0 7% 58% 35%

Changes to legislation in 1994 began a far-reaching reform of water management in Italy that is ongoing. Prior to the reform, there were more than 10,000 water companies in Italy, most of them urban. In many cases, responsibility for different tasks, such as supply, disposal and sewage systems, was split between different organisations. Aligned with the 103 provinces of Italy, approximately 90 water administration districts (Ambiti Territoriali Ottimali, ATO) were created, each responsible for its own administration. The ATOs outsource water management by allocating service contracts. Care is taken to make the contracts wide-ranging, to implement the idea of Servizio Idrico Integrato, or Integrated Water Services. Both the supply and the disposal of water should be carried out by the same organisation. An ATO can contract one company to take care of all water services in its area, such as in Trieste, or contract different suppliers to undertake different parts of the process. The amount of work generated by these reforms is immense. Tuscany became the first region to implement the statutory regulations, but not until 2002. Although most of the country is now functioning according to the principles described above, some of the provinces, particularly in southern Italy, have still not been able to establish a functional ATO. A great many urban water micro enterprises were merged as a result of the reforms. Waste water treatment plants in Italy now are owned by about 200 enterprises. Most of them are still owned by local

Extract: Chapter: Markets by country, Country: Italy Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

172

Extract: Chapter: Country Markets, Country: Bulgaria

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Currently, projects with a capacity of approximately 1.8 Mio. population equivalents are under construction, the largest in Shoumen and Dulovo. A further 19 plants are at various stages of planning, the largest in Stara Zagora, Dimitrovgrad and Pazardjik. It is not entirely certain how quickly they will be implemented and how fast the market will grow. Past experience has shown that many projects encounter delays. The reasons for this are the high planning and technical requirements of the EU, e.g. in regard to feasibility and environmental friendliness, but also in regard to the requirements for the administrative offices that take on the financial management of the projects. Unless these criteria are observed, no financial assistance is provided.

Figure 15: Waste water treatment plants in Bulgaria by capacity

Capacity < 2,000 2,001 10,000 10,001 15,000 15,001 50,000 50,001 100,000 100,001 250,000 > 250,001 Sum

Number of plants 1 20 10 13 7 6 4 61

Official sources in Bulgaria envisage realistic growth of the investment in construction and modernisation of waste water treatment plants and sewage systems from 150 million Euros in 2006 to approximately 250 million euros in 2010. About a third of this is realistic as an investment in waste water treatment plants. In our market forecast, we assume a volume of new build of approximately 1.5 million population equivalents and a rate of modernisation of 40% for the 2006 - 2010 period.

Known plants with more than 50,000 population equivalents:

r.a. Meden rudnik Bourgas Plant: Bourgas-Meden Rudnik Size (PE): 90.000 Remarks: Planned to be build until 2007, planned investment: 10,2 million Euros. t. Assenovgrad Plant: Assenovgrad Size (PE): 78174 Remarks: Planned to be build until 2008, planned investment: 20,8 million Euros. t. Balchik Plant: Balchik Size (PE): 70.000 Remarks: Planned to be build until 2007, planned investment: 14 million Euros. t. Blagoevgrad Plant: Blagoevgrad Size (PE): 184.722 Remarks: Planned to be build until 2008, planned investment: 14 million Euros.

Extract: Chapter: Markets by country, Country: Bulgaria Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

44

Extract: Chapter: Country Markets, Country: Germany

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EGK Entsorgungsgesellschaft Krefeld Mr. Dr. Dieter Steinkamp St. Tniser Str. 124 47804 Krefeld Tel.: +49 2151 980 Fax: +49 2151 98100 Plant: Krefeld Mr. Besen Krefeld Tel.: +49 2151 495303 Size (PE): 1.200.000 Treatment: activated sludge, nitrification, heated digestion, thickening box, centrifuge, drying Eigenbetrieb Abwasserbeseitigung der Stadt Northeim Postfach 1582 37145 Northeim Plant: Northeim Mr. Hillemann Northeim Tel.: +49 5551 53030 Size (PE): 75.000 Treatment: mechanical, activated sludge, heated digestion, chamber filter-press, H, nitrification, denitrification, biological and chemical removal of phosphorus Eigenbetrieb Abwasserbeseitigung der Stadt Schwbisch Hall Mr. Hannes Baur Gymnasiumstrae 4 74523 Schwbisch Hall Tel.: +49 791 751 332 Fax: +49 791 751 440 Plant: Schwbisch Hall Mr. S. Fertig Schwbisch Hall Tel.: +49 791 751269 Size (PE): 100.000 Treatment: activated sludge, nitrification, denitrification, removal of phosphorus, heated digestion, chamber filterpress Eigenbetrieb der Stadt Koblenz, Stadtentwsserung Mr. Walter Gombert Bahnhofstrae 47 56068 Koblenz Tel.: +49 261 1293501 Fax: +49 261 1293600 Plant: Koblenz Mr. Marquart Koblenz Tel.: +49 261 1294040 Size (PE): 320.000 Treatment: activated sludge, percolating filter, nitrification, denitrification, removal of phosphorus, heated digestion

Detmolder Abwasser GmbH Mr. Bernhard Dowzanski Marktplatz 5 32756 Detmold Tel.: +49 5231 66098 Fax: +49 5231 17645 Plant: Detmold Mr. Grollemann Wittekindstrae 22 32758 Detmold Size (PE): 135.000 Treatment: activated sludge, aerobic thermophilic stabilisation, thickening box, hygienisation, chamber filterpress e4 Umwelt & Service GmbH Versmolder Strae 49 49201 Dissen Tel.: +49 5421 931 99 26 Fax: +49 5421 931 99 25 Plant: Dissen Mr. Saggel Dissen Tel.: +49 5421 9319926 Size (PE): 150.000 Treatment: activated sludge+percolating filter, heated digestion, hygienisation, flotation, centrifuge, nitrification, denitrification, chemical removal of phosphorus EBS - Entsorgungsbetriebe der Stadt Speyer Mr. Frank Ganning Georg-Peter-S-Strae 2 67346 Speyer Tel.: +49 6232 625 27 60 Ganning@sws.speyer.de Plant: Speyer Mr. Ganning Speyer Tel.: +49 6232 6252760 Size (PE): 95.000 Treatment: activated sludge, nitrification, removal of phosphorus, heated digestion EBWO - Entsorgungsbetrieb der Stadt Worms Mr. Knig Hohenstaufenring 2 67547 Worms Tel.: +49 6241 910022 Fax: +49 6241 91 00 66 Plant: Worms Mr. Schwartz Worms Tel.: +49 6241 946021 Size (PE): 180.000 Treatment: activated sludge, nitrification, removal of phosphorus, heated digestion, band filter-press

Extract: Chapter: Markets by country, Country: Germany Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

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Extract: Technical and Operational Trends

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The following chart compares the bacterial content of a conventional waste water treatment plant and a membrane bio reactor level, relating them to the EU Bathing Water Quality Directive [EU Directive 76/160/population equivalent, 1975].

Figure 82: Bacterial content in the outflow of a conventional waste water treatment plant and a membrane bio reactor plant compared to the guideline values of the EU Bathing Water Quality Directive.

1.000.000 100.000 Bacterial content 10.000 conventional purification plant 1.000 100 n.n. n.n. n.n. 10 1
/1 00 m L] PN /1 00 m L] L] /1 00 m /1 00 m L]

membrane bio reactor plant EU guide value EU limit value

PN

pt oc oc ci [M

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To ta lc ol if

MPN: Most Probable Number (Counting procedure for bacteria concentrations)

There are currently more than 100 industrial wastewater plants in Europe that are equipped with this technology. Based on their experiences and further developments, it is expected that the effects on urban waste water treatment of applying membrane processes will be very positive. At the moment, however, there are many aspects of this technology that require further development and research. The problems yet to be solved are in the area of long-term stability, membrane fouling and membrane cleaning, not to mention production costs. It is already clear that the many alternatives in which membrane processes can be applied with, will reduce the cost of this technology over the medium term for both scattered settlements and mega cities and that there will be further expansion of membrane technology, therefore, in urban waste water waste water treatment plants.

Extract: Technical and Operational Trends Market Appraisal of Wastewater Treatment Plants, ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com

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