DESIGN STANDARDS FOR SANITARY SEWER SYSYTEM 1.

0 Design Periods: In general, sanitary sewer system shall be designed for the maximum development of the area which it serves. This includes maximum population densities and maximum probable development of commercial and industrial institutions. Design period is 15-20 years. Design Population: A thorough study on future population must be carried out giving due consideration on the proximity of the area to government business, commercial or industrial center, and other contributing factors. Latest population statistics available must be utilized in population projection. In the absence of census data for a given area to be served a rough population estimate may be based on the number of existing households and the number of persons per households which is usually assumed to be 8. Sewer Design Flow (Qt) = Maximum Domestic flow (QMax) + Infiltration / Inflow (Qinf) + Industrial / Commercial Flow (Qindl)

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Sewage Quantity A. Residential In general, neglecting infiltration of ground water about 60 to 100 percent of the per capita consumption of water will become sewage. B. Commercial / Institutional Wastewater Type of Establishment Office Hotels and Motels Schools Hospitals Average Wastewater 1.5 l/s per 1000 employees 1 l/s per 100 rooms 1 l/s per 1000 students 1 l/s per 100 beds

C. Industrial Areas A median allowance of 0.6 l/s/ha for industrial wastewater is believed to be sufficient conservations for sizing the trunk sewer. Individual flows from the industrial plants, however, must be evaluated in the design of laterals. All potentially harmful industrial wastes will be prohibited from entering the collection system in accordance with the Wastewater Regulations of MWSS. (Bd. Resolution No. 51-71)

D. Flow Allowances for the Open Space (Optional) Estimate on average rate of wastewater flow must be determined depending on the existing type of surface.

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Peak Flow: The maximum rate of sewage flow is obtained by multiplying the average rate by a peak factor (m0. The ratio of maximum to average flow, M , may be taken from the formula;

M = 5 / P^0.2

-- Babbit Formula (where P= population in thousands)

Recommended values of M should not be more than 5.0 nor less than 1.5. Minimum lows are calculated in similar manner as the peak flows. The minimum flow factor is taken for this design standard as the reciprocal of the peak factor, or Minimum Flow Factor = 5.0 P^0.2 / 5

Infiltration Flow Infiltration refers to the extraneous water in which it enters sewers through poor joints or cracks in the pipe or manholes resulting for poor construction or deterioration of materials. The term refers to the storm water in which enters the

sewer through such venues as open manholes or opening of the manhole covers and illicit connection of roof and area drains. Sanitary sewer capacity must include some allowance for the infiltration and inflow. An allowance of 0.20 l/s/ha for infiltration/ inflow should be used in the design. Infiltration may range from 9.2 L to 920 L/day/mm. km or from 200 L to 28000 L/ha. day. 1.0 Minimun Size: 200 mm for sewer main 100 mm for house service connection 2.0 Infiltration Design Criteria: The computations for the required pipe sizes should be based on the Mannings Flow formula. The Mannings equation in the SI system is:

V= Where: V= velocity of flow, m/s n= Mannings roughness coefficient R= Hydraulic radius, m S= slope, m/m A design value of n= 0.013 should be used for concrete, vitrified clay, and plastic sewer. For sewers flowing full;

Q = AV = 7.1 Velocity: Maximum = 3.0 m/sec (Full flow) Minimum = 0.6 m/sec (Full flow) Minimum Slope: Generally, whenever possible, the slope of the sewer should follow the ground surface grade to minimize excessive (deep) excavation.

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Minimum Depth of Cover Sewer 600mm diameter or less shall be laid with straight alignment between manholes. Sewers 600mm diameter and larger mar be laid on a curved alignment. The maximum curve radius shall be four (4) times the inside diameter of the pipe. A manhole shall be placed immediately before or after the segment of curve sewer. Appurtenant Sewer Manholes: Location Manholes should be installed at every junction and at each change in sewer shape, size, grade, and direction, inter-connection and at the end of the line, when possible; manholes should be located at low spots where surface water can drain into them. Minimum Size of Manhole 900mm diameter. Spacing the maximum spacing for manholes should be as given below -- 120 m for 400 mm and smaller -- 120 mm for pipe 450 mm to 1000mm -- 250 mm for pipe 1100 mm and larger Miscellaneous Requirement: Standard Drawing Plain: Scale 1:1000 mts at contour interval of 1 meter or any convenient scale. Profile: Scale 1:100 mts vertical 1:1000 mts horizontal or any convenient scale depending on the size of the area. Orientation: Sewer lines should be located at Southern and Western portion of the street or road. Elevation All elevations should be reckoned from MWSS datum which is 10.0 meters below Lower Low (MNLW) and 10.472 below Mean Sea Level (MSL).

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^^. Hehehe bulaga xD