The basic difference between Initial Public Offer (IPO) and Follow on Public Off er (FPO) is as the names

suggest IPO is for the companies which have not listed on an exchange and FPO is for the companies which have already listed on exchang e but want to raise funds by issuing some more equity shares. Companies usually go to debt market for raising their short term needs. Either t hey issue bonds or get loans. But if they have massive expansion plans they may not raise sufficient funds in the debt market and even if they could it costs mo re. Companies come up with follow on offer to restructure their business or to r aise funds for new business or to expand the existing business. Similar to an IPO a price band is fixed (usually with the help of Investment ban ks) for the issue and interested investors can apply for it. Unlike the corporat e actions (such as bonus, rights issue which are applicable only to the existing stake holders) FPO is open to all investors. The price band for the FPO depends on the market value of the existing company shares and the reason for raising f unds. In an FPO shares are issued in any of the ways listed below. 1. Promoters dilute their stake by offering some of their shares to the public. 2. Company issue fresh shares. 3. A combination of the above two approaches. G-25 A 1st Floor G-block Commercial Complex Sector-3 Noida Uttar Pradesh - 20130 1 uco bank The rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks is called repo rate, When the repo rate increases borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive. This SLR is defined as: SLR = (ER + I + CB)/L ER = Excess Reserves I = Investment in unencumbered government and other approved india's crude oil basket :BFO-, (North Sea benchmark) which makes up 38.60 percent of the calculation. DUB-1M (Dubai benchmark) for 30.70 percent OMA-1M-A (Oman benchmark) for 30.70 percent As stipulated by the Insurance and Regulatory Development Authority (IRDA), in i ts circular dated July 29, 2011 the formula for computation of the Net Asset Val ue Per Unit (NAV) for Linked funds stands modified. Old formula as prescribed by IRDA and as contained in the policy document: Market value of the investment plus / (minus) expenses incurred in the purchase / (sale) of assets plus current assets and accrued interest (net of fund manag ement charges) less current liabilities and provisions, divided by, number of un its outstanding under the fund at valuation date (before creation / redemption o f units). Modified formula as stipulated by IRDA effective August 18, 2011: Market value of the investment held by the fund plus value of current assets les securities

s value of current liabilities and provisions, if any and divided by the number of units existing on the valuation date (before creation/redemption of units) CB = Current account balances with other banks L = Total demand and time liabilities Indirect taxes: 1.Excise tax 2. stamp duty 3.Sales tax 4. Expenditure Tax Direct Taxes: 1.Income Tax 2. capital Gains tax 3.wealth tax..etc money market:- World Bank has defined the money market as, A market in which sho rt term securities such as treasury bills, certificates of deposits and commerci al bills are traded .