EEE/INSTR C272: Circuits & Signals

Lecture 18

Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals

Last Session
Fourier Transform of Special signals
Sinusoid Impulse Train

27 Feb 2009

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

Todays Session
F-T of periodic signals Fourier analysis of sampled signals
Nyquist Sampling Theorem

27 Feb 2009

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

Important results

T (t ) 0 0 ( )
F() 0

-20

-0

20

x(t ) = T (t ) * f (t ) =
27 Feb 2009

n =

f (t nT )
4

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals

For many periodic signals, the integral for Fourier transform may not work. Luckily, there is an easier way of determining Fourier transforms of periodic signals

To find Fourier transform of a periodic signal, Consider one period (fp(t)) of the periodic signal and find F-T of

F
27 Feb 2009

(t ) * f

(t )

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

Example
Find the Fourier Transform of the signal
f(t)

-T

-/2

/2

Consider one period of the signal: -T/2 t T/2

27 Feb 2009 EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi 6

 F-T of a gate train is discrete sinc.

n F ( ) = 0 Sinc ( n0 ) T n =

Compare with Fourier Series of gate train. Can we get Fourier Series from Fourier Transform (see derivation in book)?

27 Feb 2009

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

Fourier Analysis of Sampled Signals

Analog transducer, x(t) Voice etc

Sample

xs(t)=x(nT)

Reconstruction

xr(t) = x(t)

Sampling frequency

Spectrum of sampled signal

f s (t ) = f (t ) T (t ) where , T (t ) =
+
n =

(t nT )

1 Fs () = F( ns ) T n=
Sampling in time results in periodicity in frequency
27 Feb 2009 EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi 9

27 Feb 2009

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

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To preserve the shape of F()

Nyquist Criteria : s 2 m Or fs 2fm Where m / fm is the maximum frequency of the Signal & s / fs is the sampling frequency. This is called as Nyquist Sampling Theorem

27 Feb 2009

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

11

Ideal Low pass filter

H()

X()

1 -c

Y()

1 ; < c H ( ) = 0 ; > c
27 Feb 2009

< c 0, Y () = X (), c < < c 0, c <

12

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

Impulse response h(t)

Find the impulse response of the L-P filter.

1 ; < c H() = 0 ; > c

c h(t ) = sin c(c t )

27 Feb 2009 EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi 13

Next Session
Signal reconstruction Some important results Fourier transform summary Discrete Fourier transform

27 Feb 2009

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

14

Thank You

27 Feb 2009

EEE/INSTR C272 / Shikha Tripathi

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