Wireless Data Acquisition System Project Report Tim Pieper Advisor: Professor Gutschlag May 12, 2008

Abstract
The Wireless Data Acquisition System (WiDAS) is intended to be used with the Bradley University SAE Formula Car. The Bradley University Formula SAE car is a yearly project task for mechanical engineering seniors. WiDAS will gather data from the SAE car and display important information to the driver through a LCD screen mounted in the car. Data will also be wirelessly transmitted to an off-track laptop where the data can be displayed and recorded. Transmitted data includes information such as car velocity, engine speed, acceleration, engine coolant and air temperatures, oil pressure, and suspension travel. The in-car display is an Amulet Technologies LCD touch screen, and a pair of Aerocomm transceivers are used for wireless transmission.

Table of Contents
Abstract Introduction . 2 . 4

System Block Diagram . 5 System Functions . 6 .. 6 .. 8 ... 10

Data Acquisition Data Transmission

Wireless Communication Data Destination WinWedge

.. 12 ... 12 . 13

DataQ XControls Toolbox Excel Results and Analysis Equipment Sources Appendices

... 14 .. 15 .. 18 .. 18

Appendix A Aerocomm OEM Configuration Tool Screenshots . 19 Appendix B Software B-1 B-2 B-3 Test Program Assembly Code Excel Macros .. 21

. 37

Proposed Code for Integration .. 39

Introduction
The Wireless Data Acquisition System is intended to be used with the Bradley University SAE Formula Car. This system will gather data from the SAE car and display important information to the driver through a LCD screen mounted in the car. Data will also be wirelessly transmitted to an off-track laptop where the data can be displayed and recorded. Transmitted data will include information such as car velocity, engine speed, acceleration, engine coolant and air temperatures, oil pressure warning, and minimum and maximum suspension travel.

The in-car display used will be an Amulet Technologies LCD touch screen. This display was developed previously in a 2006 electrical engineering capstone project by David Pavlik. The system was fully operational when tested in the lab, but due to time and schedule constraints, it was not implemented on the SAE formula car. A pair of Aerocomm transceivers will be used for wireless transmission.

This system will provide additional design and testing feedback for the SAE car senior project. During normal operation, both the driver and the supporting team will have a visual representation of the cars status. In addition to the expanded troubleshooting capabilities available with the presence of real-time data, warning of component fatigue or failure can be communicated from the team to the driver.

To display the desired data on a laptop, two main programs will be utilized. A program called WinWedge reads the data from the serial port and is capable of formatting the data as desired. WinWedge then uses dynamic data exchange (DDE) to import information into Excel in real-time. In Excel, a special toolbox is used to create a virtual dashboard to display information. Finally, Excel macros are used to log the incoming data and interface with WinWedge.

System Block Diagram

An overall system block diagram is shown in Figure 1. The diagram shows the microcontroller that samples the formula car ECU/sensors and its connection to both displays. The Amulet LCD and Aerocomm transmitter utilize serial ports available on the microcontroller. The Aerocomm receiver is connected to a laptop serial port. WinWedge and Excel software packages are used to import, display, and log data received over the laptop serial port.

Figure 1 Complete System Block Diagram

System Functions
Data Acquisition
The formula car ECU and/or sensors will be sampled using a microcontroller and its analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The analog voltage signal is converted to a digital signal, and lookup tables are used to find the air to fuel ratio, coolant temperature, and air temperature values. Engine speed and vehicle speed are obtained by recording the number of pulses generated by each sensor in a fixed time. Table 1 lists the important sensors and a brief description.

Sensor Car Velocity Engine Speed Oil Pressure Water Temperature Coolant Temperature O2 Suspension Travel (4)

Type Pulse Pulse Switch Variable Resistor Variable Resistor Variable Voltage Variable Voltage

Notes Wheel Sensor Ignition coil input Activated when safe pressure is not maintained

Table 1 Formula Car Sensor List

An assembly language microcontroller program was developed to test the system in the lab environment. When the project is fully completed, the functionality of this program will be added to the current microcontroller driven LCD program in the form of function calls. Therefore, very little modification of the microcontroller driven LCD program is necessary. The added functions will be responsible for sending sampled data over the RF communication link. Figure 2 is a software flow chart describing the test program developed for the system.

Figure 2 Test System Software Flow Chart

The ADC inputs were protected by a circuit utilizing two Germanium diodes (1N270) and a 1k resistor. Figure 3 is the schematic for the protection circuitry. By using a 5VDC source, the input to the ADC is never greater than 5.3 V. This protection circuitry is necessary to preserve the integrity of the microcontrollers analog inputs, but still allows full functionality of varying sensor voltages from 0-5 volts.

Figure 3 ADC Protection Circuit

Data Transmission
Once the analog signals have been sampled and recorded, the next step is to send the data over one of the microcontrollers two available serial ports. The setup of the serial port used (COM1) is executed in the Init2861.a51 file where the following parameters are set: 9600 BAUD, 8 data bits, no CTS (clear to send), no RTS (request to send), no parity, one stop bit. These parameters were setup using the MicroPac 535 the microcontroller datasheet and the SC26C92 Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (DUART). The second available serial port on the microcontroller (COM2) has been implemented for the microcontroller driven display project of 2006. Asynchronous communication was chosen since data is only flowing in one direction (from microcontroller to Aerocomm transceivers). However, CTS and Session Status pins on the Aerocomm transceiver are still monitored to prevent data loss due to the transceiver being busy.

In the test program for the microcontroller, the ADC data bytes are hexadecimal values. The breaknsend function splits the single hexadecimal byte into two separate bytes. One byte corresponds to the upper nibble (4 most significant bits), and the second byte corresponds to the lower nibble (4 least significant bits). Both nibble bytes are then converted to ASCII to prepare them for transmission.

The Tx signal pin of COM1 is routed through an MC1489 integrated circuit to convert the RS232 voltage level signal to the TTL voltage level signal that is required by the Aerocomm transceivers. Figure 4 provides an oscilloscope output of the MC1489 implementation. The TTL serial signal is connected to the Aerocomm transmitter Rx pin. The data on this pin is the data that will be transmitted to the receiver.

Figure 4 RS232 (Channel 1) to TTL (Channel 2) Conversion via MC1488 On the laptop end of the system, the Tx pin of the Aerocomm receiver outputs the data received from the transmitter. This is a TTL serial signal that needs to be converted to RS232 voltage levels to be received by the laptop serial port. Figure 5 shows the conversion of the TTL serial signal to RS232 voltage levels using a MC1489 integrated circuit.

Figure 5 TTL (Channel 1) to TTL (Channel 2) Conversion via MC1489

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Wireless Communication
Wireless communication is achieved by using Aerocomm AC4690-200 900MHz wireless transceivers. The Aerocomm OEM System Development Kit (SDK) provided the wireless transceivers and also aided in setting up and troubleshooting the transceiver system. The SDK boards permitted direct programming of the transceiver EEPROM settings and preliminary transmission tests between the transmitter and receiver before attempting to implement the units into the test system. Table 2 below provides the list of EEPROM parameters, settings, and descriptions. (See Appendix A for Aerocomm software screenshots.) Figure 6 Aerocomm OEM System Development Kit

Interface Timeout RF Packet Size CTS On

0x05h

CTS Off Broadcast Attempts Stop Bit Delay RF Channel Number System ID Interface Baud

Timeout = [Value x 2.5ms] (determined by Baud selection) 0x0Ch Number of data bytes per transmission attempt 0x0Ch (transmitter) Specified number of bytes that need to be in transceiver 0x01h (receiver) buffer before CTS is set to prevent additional filling of the buffer 0x01h Maximum number of bytes left in the transceiver buffer before CTS cleared (ready for more data) 0x01h Number of transmit attempts 0xFFh 0xFFh = Disabled 0x00h Determines hopping sequence for the chosen frequency band (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Protocol) 0x01h Must be the same for both transceivers 9600 Communication settings Table 2 Important Transceiver EEPROM settings

11 To transmit a data packet using the wireless transceiver with the previously stated settings, the following minimum pin connections are necessary. Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 5 & 16 Pin 7 Pin 10 & 11 Pin 17 Tx (shows data received from RF transmission receiver) Rx (send data for RF transmission transmitter) Ground (internally connected) CTS (active low, monitor for transmit ready status) Vcc (internally connected) Command/Data (must be 5V for Data, otherwise interpreted as Commands for the device) Session Status (active low, monitor for transmit ready status) Figure 7 Aerocomm Transceiver The time needed to successfully transmit and receive a packet of information wirelessly was determined through oscilloscope measurements. Figure 8 shows oscilloscope channel one monitoring the data being transmitted, and oscilloscope channel two monitoring the data being received. The result was measured as 56.4ms from the beginning of the transmitted TTL data to the end of the received RS232 data.

Pin 20

Figure 8 RF Packet Timing

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Data Destination
The remote laptop is connected to the Aerocomm receiver signal after voltage conversion using the previously mentioned MC1489. The laptops serial port Rx and Ground pins are connected to the RS232 voltage level output of the MC1489 and ground, respectively. With this setup, the laptop can read the data packets that are sent over the RF link. Originally, a combination of Matlab and Simulink were to be used to read and display serial port information. However, after much research and troubleshooting it was evident that another method would be necessary.

WinWedge
WinWedge is a software package designed specifically for reading data from a serial port and interfacing directly with other programs. For this project, WinWedge is used to inject the received data directly into Excel via the Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) protocol. The DDE protocol is a set of messages and guidelines. It sends messages between applications that share data and uses shared memory to exchange data between applications. Applications can use the DDE protocol for one-time data transfers and for continuous exchanges in which applications send updates to one another as new data becomes available [1].

The basic setup of WinWedge consists of selecting the appropriate serial port settings. In this case, 9600 Baud, eight data bits, no parity, one stop bit, and no flow control were selected. Specific DDE settings include selecting the program name that WinWedge is communicating with and identifying additional commands to run at the point of data transfer. WinWedge is set up to run a macro every time a data string is imported into Excel. The macro is responsible for placing the data from WinWedge into the Excel worksheet as well as copying the data to the Log worksheet. Incoming data can also be formatted when fields of known lengths are set. For example, in the test program, AFR data, coolant

13 temperature data, and air temperature data are two, four, and four ASCII bytes respectively. WinWedge then separates these data fields which allow the Excel macro to distribute packet data into separate cells.

Figure 9 WinWedge Setup Screenshots DATAQ XControls Instrument Pack The second software package used to display data on the laptop is the DATAQ XControls Toolbox. This toolbox provides 27 configurable instrumentation components for real-time data display. Figure 10 shows a variety of different types of instrument displays that can be customized. (The displays are based on the ActiveX environment.) This software package is accessible from the Controls Toolbox in Excel [2]. Figure 10 DATAQ XControls Instrument Pack

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The XControls Toolbox provides the perfect environment for creating a dashboard display for data sent from the microcontroller on the formula car. Individual gauges were created to represent the information being received by the laptop. Each gauge is setup for a specific sensor and displayed in realtime by the linked cell property of the gauges. The virtual dashboard for the system is shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11 Virtual Dashboard Worksheet

Excel
Visual Basic macros tied together the entire operation of displaying and recording received data. Additional macro functions were created for the ease of loading and exiting WinWedge directly from the virtual dashboard worksheet. The loading process includes opening WinWedge with the proper setup parameters discussed and displayed in the WinWedge section of this report. Additional macro functions

15 were written to place the incoming data into specific cells in the virtual dashboard worksheet, as well as add new entries to the data log. (See Appendix C-2 for Excel macro software.)

Results and Analysis

The task of wireless data transmission based on requirements dictated by the Bradley University SAE Formula car was successfully accomplished. A microcontroller test program was developed to simulate the sampling of vehicle sensors and send that data over an available serial port. The simulated samples are a subset of the total sensor sampling that will be implemented on the car. Functions to add to the 2006 Microcontroller Driven Display senior project include the previously mentioned breaknsend and transmit routine. (See Appendix B-3 for proposed add-on assembly software.) The 2006 project is already setup to sample the sensors of interest, so the addition of these software modules will allow the 2006 project to include wireless data transmission. In addition to software modules, a separate bank of variables will be necessary for temporarily storing data that will be transmitted over the wireless link.

The wireless transceivers function as desired for 120ms periodic data transmission from the microcontroller to the laptop PC. Upon intial setup, the entire test system was operating at 9600 Baud with one broadcast attempt for the transceivers as shown in Figure 12. This yielded 75% - 80% data packet success. Extending the interval at which the sampling and transmission were made did not yield significant improvement in the number of successful transmissions. The next step involved setting up the transceivers for two broadcast attempts. This allows the receiver to request another transmission attempt if it detects an error in the data packet or does not receive the entire data packet within a timeout period. Implementing two broadcast attempts significantly increased the success rate of RF data packets. Roughly 500 packets needed to be sent before the receiver failed to recover two consecutive broadcast attempts. Figure 13 shows successful data transmission on the first try for the

16 first two RF packets, but note the third RF packet utilizes the second broadcast attempt to successfully complete the transmission.

Figure 12 9600 Baud Wireless Transmission

Figure 13 Two Broadcast Attempts (9600) Wireless Transmission

Further optimization attempts included increasing the system Baud rate to 19.2k. This decreases the amount of time necessary to transmit data over the serial port by half. The time needed for wireless transmission decreased from 56.4ms to 43.2ms, a change of 13.2ms. This demonstrates the fact that there is a significant amount of overhead involved with transceivers establishing communication with each other and transmitting information using the Spread Spectrum Protocol. Although transmission time was decreased, greater than 30% of RF packets were lost, so the system was reset with 9600 Baud and two broadcast attempts. Figure 14 19.2kBaud Wireless Transmission

17 To integrate this project with the 2006 project, the Aerocomm transmitter will need to be packaged with an MC1489 (RS232->TTL voltage conversion) on the formula car. Important transceiver pins (CTS, Session Status, CMD/Data, Rx Data, Vcc, GND) will also need to interface with the existing microcontroller package. On the laptop PC end, the receiver will need to be packaged with an MC1488 (TTL -> RS232 voltage conversion). Voltage will also need to be provided to the MC1488 (+/- 15V) and the Aerocomm receiver (5VDC). The data line from the receiver (TxD), once converted by the MC1488, is connected to the Rx line of the laptop serial port. The ground pins of the Aerocomm receiver and the laptop serial port also need to be connected to ensure proper operation.

The 2008 Wireless Data Acquisition project is operational, but not complete. Additional steps, as discussed above, are still necessary to integrate this system with the 2006 Microcontroller Driven Display project.

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Equipment
Aerocom AC4790-200 Transcievers (2) EMAC 8051 Microcontroller Kit MC1488 TTL to RS232 conversion IC MC1489 RS232 to TTL conversion IC 1N270 Germanium Diodes (2), 1k Resistor protection circuit RS232 Breakout Connectors (2) for RS232 pin connections Agilent DC Power Supply Bradley University Lab Laptop

Sources
[1] About Dynamic Data Exchange http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms648774(VS.85).aspx Aerocomm AC4790 900 MHz OEM Transceivers Users Manual http://www.aerocomm.com/docs/User_Manual_AC4790.pdf Amulet Technologies http://www.amulettechnologies.com [2] DATAQ XControls Instrument Pack http://www.dataq.com/products/software/xcontrols.htm

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Aercomm OEM Configuration Tool Screenshots: APPENDIX A

Figure A-1 Aerocomm OEM Configuration Tool, Transceiver Settings

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Aercomm OEM Configuration Tool Screenshots: APPENDIX A

Figure A-1 Aerocomm OEM Configuration Tool, Transceiver Settings

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Test Program Assembly Code: Appendix B-1

AD_DA.A51
;functions for reading from a A/D or writing to a D/A $NOMOD51 ; disable predefined 8051 registers $INCLUDE(reg515.inc) AD_DA_SEG SEGMENT CODE RSEG AD_DA_SEG PUBLIC ReadAD ;Reads from an A/D, A/D specified by acc, value returned on acc ;source: MicroPac 535 data sheet Copyright 1993-1997, EMAC Inc. ReadAD: ANL A,#111B ; ONLY 8 CHANNELS ANL ADCON,#11000000B ; MODE FOR A/D CONVERSION: SINGLE ORL ADCON,A ; "OR" IN THE CHANNEL MOV DAPR,#0 ; START CONV W/NO REF VOLTAGE JB BSY,$ ; LOOP TILL CONVERTED MOV ACC,ADDAT ; ACC = CONVERSION RET End

AIRTEMP.A51
;Stuff related to the AirTemp sensor ;written by Tim Pieper ; $NOMOD51 ; disable predefined 8051 registers $INCLUDE(reg515.inc) $INCLUDE(AD_DA.inc) ;A/D function $INCLUDE(var.inc) ;$INCLUDE(myregs.inc) ;my registers and constants ;$INCLUDE(amulet.inc) ;amulet comunication functions ;$INCLUDE(lcd.inc) ;$INCLUDE(puta.inc)

AirTemp_SEG SEGMENT CODE RSEG AirTemp_SEG PUBLIC GetAir ;will get temp from AirTemp sensor ;flags, DPTR, & acc modified ;gets address of A/D with AirTemp sensor from myregs.inc file GetAir: mov lcall push mov movc

a,#AirADAddr ReadAD acc dptr,#AirTempTableLSB a,@a+dptr ; get a character

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; mov mov pop mov movc mov ret b,a AirLSB, a acc dptr,#AirTempTableMSB a,@a+dptr ; get a character AirMSB, a

AirTempTableMSB: db 0Dh,0Dh,0Dh,0Dh,0Dh,0Dh,0Dh,0Ch,0Ch,0Ch,0Bh,0Bh,0Bh,0Bh,0Ah,0Ah,0Ah,0Ah,0Ah,0 Ah,09h,09h,09h,09h,09h,09h,09h,09h,09h,08h,08h,08h,08h db 08h,08h,08h,08h,08h,08h,08h,08h,08h,08h,08h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,0 7h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,07h,06h db 06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,0 6h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,06h,05h,05h,05h,05h db 05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,0 5h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h,05h db 04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,0 4h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h db 04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,04h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,0 3h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h db 03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,03h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,0 2h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,02h,01h db 01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,01h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0 0h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h AirTempTableLSB: db 048h,048h,048h,048h,048h,048h,048h,0D2h,06Eh,017h,0CAh,086h,048h,011h,0DDh,0A Eh,082h,05Ah,032h,010h,0EEh,0CDh,0B0h,092h,076h db 05Dh,044h,02Ah,013h,0FEh,0E8h,0D2h,0BEh,0ABh,099h,086h,073h,063h,053h,042h,03 2h,021h,012h,004h,0F6h,0E8h,0D9h,0CBh,0BDh,0B0h db 0A4h,098h,08Ch,07Fh,073h,066h,05Bh,050h,045h,03Ah,02Fh,024h,019h,00Eh,004h,0F Ah,0F1h,0E8h,0DEh,0D4h,0CBh,0C1h,0B7h,0ADh,0A5h db 09Dh,094h,08Ch,083h,07Bh,072h,069h,060h,057h,04Fh,048h,040h,039h,031h,029h,02 1h,019h,011h,009h,001h,0F9h,0F2h,0EBh,0E5h,0DEh db 0D6h,0CFh,0C8h,0C1h,0B9h,0B2h,0AAh,0A2h,09Ch,095h,08Fh,088h,082h,07Bh,074h,06 Dh,066h,05Fh,058h,051h,04Ah,043h,03Dh,037h,031h db 02Bh,024h,01Eh,017h,011h,00Ah,003h,0FCh,0F5h,0EEh,0E8h,0E2h,0DCh,0D6h,0D0h,0C Ah,0C3h,0BDh,0B6h,0B0h,0A9h,0A2h,09Bh,094h,08Eh

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db 088h,082h,07Ch,076h,070h,069h,063h,05Ch,056h,04Fh,048h,041h,039h,033h,02Dh,02 7h,021h,01Bh,015h,00Eh,007h,000h,0F9h,0F2h,0EBh db 0E3h,0DCh,0D6h,0D0h,0C9h,0C3h,0BCh,0B5h,0AEh,0A7h,09Fh,097h,08Fh,087h,080h,07 9h,073h,06Ch,064h,05Dh,055h,04Dh,045h,03Dh,034h db 02Bh,023h,01Ch,014h,00Ch,004h,0FBh,0F3h,0E9h,0E0h,0D5h,0CCh,0C4h,0BBh,0B2h,0A 9h,09Fh,094h,089h,07Eh,072h,069h,05Fh,054h,048h db 03Ch,02Fh,021h,015h,009h,0FCh,0EFh,0E0h,0D0h,0BFh,0B1h,0A2h,091h,07Eh,068h,05 7h,044h,02Dh,014h,0FDh,0E3h,0C5h,0A6h,085h,05Bh db 033h,033h,033h,033h,033h,033h end

COOLTEMP.A51
;functions for accessing a tempeture sensor on an A/D $NOMOD51 ; disable predefined 8051 registers $INCLUDE(reg515.inc) $INCLUDE(AD_DA.inc) $INCLUDE(var.inc) ;$INCLUDE(myregs.inc) CoolTemp_SEG SEGMENT CODE RSEG CoolTemp_SEG PUBLIC GetCool ;Read's Coolent A/D, goes into lookup table for value ammulet should divide by 10 then ; subbtract 40 from value for display ;returns MSB on A and LSB on B ;if out of range returns FFFF ;modifies flags and DPTR GetCool: mov a,#CoolADAddr lcall ReadAD clr c subb a,#12 jc OutOfCoolRange cjne a,#240,GetCool1 GetCool1: ;c=a<240 jnc OutOfCoolRange push mov movc mov mov pop acc dptr,#TempTableLSB a,@a+dptr ; get a character b,a CoolLSB, a acc

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mov dptr,#TempTableMSB movc a,@a+dptr ; get a character mov CoolMSB, a ret OutOfCoolRange: ; mov a,#0FFh ; mov b,#0FFh mov CoolMSB,#0FFh mov CoolLSB,#0FFh ret

;index must be between 12 and 252 (then subbtract off 12) TempTableMSB: db 13, 13, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9 db 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 db 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 db 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 db 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 db 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 db 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 TempTableLSB: db 71, 6, 205, 150, 100, 54, 11, 226, 188, 150, 117, 84, 52, 23, 250, 222, 196, 171, 145, 123, 101, 78, 56, 36, 17, 253, 233, 214 db 197, 180, 163, 145, 128, 113, 98, 83, 68, 52, 37, 24, 10, 253, 240, 226, 212, 199, 188, 176, 164, 152, 140, 128, 116, 105, 94 db 84, 73, 63, 52, 41, 30, 19, 10, 1, 247, 238, 228, 218, 208, 198, 188, 179, 171, 162, 153, 144, 135, 126, 117, 108, 98, 90, 83 db 75, 67, 59, 50, 42, 34, 25, 16, 8, 1, 249, 242, 235, 227, 219, 212, 204, 196, 188, 179, 172, 165, 158, 151, 144, 136, 129, 122 db 114, 106, 99, 91, 83, 76, 70, 63, 56, 49, 42, 35, 28, 21, 13, 5, 254, 247, 240, 234, 227, 220, 213, 206, 199, 192, 184, 177, 169 db 161, 155, 148, 142, 135, 128, 121, 114, 106, 99, 91, 84, 76, 68, 61, 55, 48, 41, 34, 26, 19, 11, 3, 251, 243, 235, 228, 221, 214 db 207, 199, 191, 183, 175, 166, 158, 149, 141, 134, 126, 118, 110, 102, 93, 84, 75, 65, 55, 47, 39, 31, 22, 12, 3, 249, 239, 228 db 218, 209, 199, 189, 179, 168, 157, 145, 132, 122, 111, 100, 88, 76, 62, 48, 35, 23, 10, 252, 237, 220, 204, 189, 174, 157, 138 db 117, 100, 81, 59, 34, 12, 244, 217, 187, 158, 123, 86, 46, 254, 200, 137, 56 end

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EMACLCD.A51
$NOMOD51 $include(reg515.inc) $include(var.inc) ;name main public movlcd EXTRN CODE(LCDOUT) LCD_seg segment code rseg LCD_seg ;*************************************************** ;This file moves the LCD cursor to the begining of the next line ;*************************************************** movlcd: push acc mov a,#0dh lcall lcdout

;begin of line

acall check_status ;check busy flag bit of lcd and wait mov a,#0ah ;next line lcall lcdout pop acc ret check_status: push acc push dph push dpl busy: mov dph,#0ah mov dpl,#00h mov a,#20h movc a,@a+dptr jb acc.7,busy pop dpl pop dph pop acc ret end ;check status of lcd busy flag

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INIT2681.A51
;INIT2681 FILE: initialization and setup of Serial Port 1 (A) $NOMOD51 $include(reg515.inc) $include(var.inc) public INIT2681, selectBaud

INIT2681_seg segment code rseg INIT2681_seg INIT2681: ; DO RESET COMMANDS FOR PORTS A AND B. THIS WILL ; EXECUTE CHANNEL A & B's MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS NUMBERED ; 101,100,011,010,001. mov A,#01010000B ; DO FROM THIS COMMAND, DOWN TO 00010000 crinit: mov P2,#CRA movx @R1,A add A,#-16 ; SUBTRACT 1 FROM UPPER NIBBLE jnz crinit ; LOOP TILL 0 mov P2,#MR1A ; SETUP PROTOCOL FOR PORT A mov A,#MR2ADAT movx @R1,A ; SELECT BAUD RATE selectBaud: mov P2,#ACR mov A,#80H movx @R1,A ; SELECT SET 2 OF BAUD RATES mov P2,#CSRA mov A,#10111011b ; RX AND TX AT 9600 FOR B ;mov A,#11001100b ; RX AND TX AT 19.2k FOR B movx @R1,A mov P2,#CRA mov A,#00000101B ; ENABLE TXER AND RXER movx @R1,A RET End

INIT.A51
;INIT FILE: ;EE-451 ;Initialization File $NOMOD51 $include(reg515.inc) $include(var.inc) PUBLIC INIT EXTRN CODE(MAIN, LCDINIT, INIT2681, KEY) CSEG AT 8000h

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LJMP INIT cseg at 802Bh ljmp timer2int cseg at 804Bh inc cnt reti cseg at 8013h ljmp key ;ISR for IE1 <keypad> key routine

INIT_SEG SEGMENT CODE RSEG INIT_SEG ;*************************************************************** ;This file initializes all registers, as well as the LCD ;It also sets up the Serial Port Interface for TRANSMITTING DATA ;*************************************************************** ;****************************AC4790 PINOUTS********************* ; P1.1 - CTS (Pin 7) ; P1.2 - Session Status (Pin 20) ;*************************************************************** INIT: LCALL LCDINIT mov psw,#00h erase: mov r0,#7fh erase_loop: mov @r0,#00h djnz r0, erase_loop mov B,#00h MOV SP, #55h clr p5.1 ;enable MMIO

;clear memory

lcall INIT2681 setb setb setb setb setb mov mov mov mov mov mov mov ; routine) eal ;enable all interrupts ET2 ;set timer 2 overflow interrupt EX2 ;setup external interrupt 2 tcon.2 ;sets falling edgeinterrupts for key routine ien0.2 ;enable INT1 vector to ISR

TH2, #0FCh TL2, #65h t2con,#10h crch,#0fch crcl,#65h tenms,#0ah hunms,#12d mov PackCnt,#100d

;setb t2con.4 ;enable timer2 auto reload ;auto reload register CRC (CC0) ;10ms counter ;120ms counter (10ms * 12) ;set specific # of packets to send (in Key

clr secflag ;sec flag clr hunms_fl

28
clr ten_fl mov sec_cnt,#100d ;100*10ms = 1 sec setb t2con.0 setb key_press GOMAIN: ljmp MAIN ;start timer 2

timer2int: push acc push psw clr tf2 ;t2 overflow flag setb onems ten_loop: djnz tenms,next setb ten_fl mov tenms,#0Ah ;reset 10ms count djnz hunms,next setb hunms_fl mov hunms,#12d ;reset 120ms count (12 counts * 10ms) next: pop psw pop acc reti END

KEY.A51
; ; ; ; Tim Pieper ee365 hardware design project created: 12/1/2005 edited: major revisions:

$nomod51 $include(reg515.inc) $include(var.inc) public key ;extrn code keypad_code segment code rseg keypad_code key: cpl p1.3 push acc push dph push dpl push psw mov dph,#30h

;"keyport"

29

movx a,@dptr ;copy coordinates of keypad press into A anl a,#1fh ;mask off upper bits ;clr tcon.3 ;b/c use of polling--manually reset interrupt mov dptr,#keytable movc a, @a+dptr mov keypad_entry,a cpl key_press psw dpl dph acc

; pop pop pop pop

;store key since acc gets popped

mov PackCnt,#100d ;set specific # of packets to send mov ascii1,#30h ;reset count mov ascii2,#30h mov ascii3,#30h mov ascii4,#30h reti ;ret if polling keytable: db "1","2","3","C","4","5","6","D","7","8","9","E","A","0","B","F" end

MAIN.A51
;MAIN FILE: $NOMOD51 $include(reg515.inc) $include(var.inc) name main public main EXTRN CODE(LCDOUT,TRANSMIT, ReadAD, GetAFR, GetCool, GetAir, movlcd) main_seg segment code rseg main_seg ;*************************************************** ;This file samples the A/D converter and sends ;the signal out on the serial port to the other ;microcontroller. It then enters reveive mode once ;the transmission is over and will receive the data ;back from the other microcontroller. ;*************************************************** main: jb key_press, $ ;wait here if key pressed (key routine toggles instead of setting bit) ;setb key_press ;if commented, then streaming enabled mov a, PackCnt

30
JZ main ;loop from here to main after packet number has been exhausted dec acc mov PackCnt, a ;decremented count value jnb hunms_fl,$ clr hunms_fl

lcall lcall lcall lcall

GetAFR GetCool GetAir counter

;used to number the data packets sent

mov a,AFRhex lcall breaknsend mov a,CoolMSB lcall breaknsend mov a,CoolLSB lcall breaknsend ;mov a,AirMSB ;lcall breaknsend ;mov a,AirLSB ;lcall breaknsend mov a,ascii4 lcall transmit lcall lcdout mov a,ascii3 lcall transmit lcall lcdout mov a,ascii2 lcall transmit lcall lcdout mov a,ascii1 lcall transmit lcall lcdout

;split byte and send ASCII over serial port

;temporarily replaced with counter values below

mov a,#0Ah ;new line lcall transmit mov a,#0Dh ;carriage return...end of data record lcall transmit lcall movlcd ljmp main ;*******************************; breaknsend: push acc ;save acc data anl a,#0F0h swap a ;upper nibble -> lower nibble lcall ltrchk lcall transmit lcall lcdout

31
pop acc anl a,#0Fh lcall ltrchk lcall transmit lcall lcdout ret

;hex to ascii

;hex -> ascii for A-F ltrchk: cjne a,#0Ah,check_cy mov a,#41h ;equal to A sjmp fin check_cy: jc fin2 ;if carry set, then acc < #0Ah so no letter cjne a, #0Dh, check_cy2 mov a, #44h ; equal to D sjmp fin check_cy2: jc try_c cjne a,#0Eh, setF mov a,#45h ; equal to E sjmp fin setF: mov a,#46h sjmp fin try_c: cjne a,#0Ch,set_B mov a,#43h ; equal to C sjmp fin set_B: mov a,#42h ; equal to B fin: ret fin2: orl a,#30h ; a contains ascii of upper nibble ret counter: push acc mov a,ascii1 cjne a,#39h,inc_a1 mov ascii1,#30h sjmp chk_a2 inc_a1: inc a mov ascii1,a sjmp doneAdd chk_a2: mov a,ascii2 cjne a,#39h, inc_a2 mov ascii2,#30h sjmp chk_a3 inc_a2: inc a

32
mov ascii2,a sjmp doneAdd chk_a3: mov a,ascii3 cjne a,#39h, inc_a3 mov ascii2,#30h inc_a3: inc a mov ascii3,a sjmp doneAdd chk_a4: mov a,ascii4 cjne a,#39h, inc_a4 mov ascii4,#30h sjmp doneAdd inc_a4: inc a mov ascii4,a ;sjmp doneAdd doneAdd: pop acc ret END

O2.A51
;Stuff related to the O2 sensor ;written by David Pavlik ;equation for table provided by Mark Barnas $NOMOD51 ; disable predefined 8051 registers $INCLUDE(reg515.inc) $INCLUDE(AD_DA.inc) ;A/D function $INCLUDE(var.inc) ;$INCLUDE(myregs.inc) ;my registers and constants ;$INCLUDE(amulet.inc) ;amulet comunication functions ;$INCLUDE(lcd.inc) ;$INCLUDE(puta.inc)

O2_SEG SEGMENT CODE RSEG O2_SEG PUBLIC GetAFR ;will get AFR from O2 sensor ;sends AFR value to amulet ;sends AFR error to amulet ;flags, DPTR, & acc modified ;all other registeres OK ;gets address of A/D with O2 sensor from myregs.inc file GetAFR: push 2

33

mov lcall mov movc

a,#O2ADAddr ;get O2 A/D port ReadAD dptr,#AFRTable ;point to table a,@a+dptr ;look up in table

; ; ; ; ;

mov r2,a mov AFRhex, a skip Amulet code push b mov b,#AmuletAfrByte lcall SetByte pop b

;variable to hold O2 table value

;;;;;;;;;; ;;;AFR Error Variable ;;;;;;;;;; ; ; push clr b c ;request target from amulet

; mov a,r2 ;Current + 3.0 - Target ; add a,#30 ;will not generate carry (higest table entry is 195) ; subb a,AFRTarget ; jnc NoBigUnder ;if carry AFR < (Target-3.0) force resulet of calc to display Optimal-3.0 (ex 0) ; mov a,#0 ;NoBigUnder: ; cjne a,#61,OverCheckNoJump ;OverCheckNoJump: ; ;c = Calc < 61 ; jc NoBigOver ; mov a,#60 ;NoBigOver: ; mov b,#AmuletAFRError ; lcall SetByte ; pop pop ret AFRTable: b 2 ;done

;table of A/D output to AFR to display (amulet will divide by 10) ;if x is the voltage level AFR=0.0048x^6 0.0629x^5 + 0.3246x^4 - 0.7599x^3 + 0.8897x^2 + 0.5365x + 8.4136 ;table is adjusted by table=int(AFR*10+0.5) to round and simplify storage (amulet restores decimal) db 4,84,84,84,85,85,85,85,85,85,85,86,86,86,86,86,86,87,87,87,87,87,88,88,88,88, 88,89,89,89,89,89,90,90,90,90,90,91,91,91,91,91 db 92,92,92,92,92,93,93,93,93,93,94,94,94,94,94,95,95,95,95,95,96,96,96,96,97,97 ,97,97,97,98,98,98,98,98,99,99,99,99,99,100,100 db 100,100,101,101,101,101,101,102,102,102,102,103,103,103,103,103,104,104,104,1 04,105,105,105,105,106,106,106,106,107,107,107

34
db 108,108,108,108,109,109,109,109,110,110,110,111,111,111,112,112,112,112,113,1 13,113,114,114,114,115,115,115,116,116,116,117 db 117,117,118,118,118,119,119,120,120,120,121,121,122,122,122,123,123,124,124,1 24,125,125,126,126,126,127,127,128,128,129,129 db 130,130,131,131,131,132,132,133,133,134,134,135,135,136,137,137,138,138,139,1 39,140,140,141,142,142,143,143,144,145,145,146 db 147,147,148,149,149,150,151,151,152,153,154,154,155,156,157,158,158,159,160,1 61,162,163,164,165,166,166,167,168,170,171,172 db 173,174,175,176,177,179,180,181,182,184,185,186,188,189,191,192,194,195 end

TXDATA.A51
;TRANSMIT DATA FILE: ;J.P. Haberkorn ;EE-451 ;Sending File $NOMOD51 $include(reg515.inc) $include(var.inc) name TRANSMIT public TRANSMIT EXTRN CODE(SelectBaud) TRANSMIT_SEG SEGMENT CODE RSEG TRANSMIT_SEG ;************************************************* ;This module takes whatever was last put into ACC and ;puts it out on the COM2. It can be called from the ;MAIN program only. ;************************************************* TRANSMIT: PUSH ACC ;PUSHES LAST VALUE IN A (OUTPUT ON COM2) MOV P2,#SRA CHIPRDY: jb p1.1, CHIPRDY ;Check "Clear To Send" Pin7 jnb p1.2, CHIPRDY ;Check "Session Status" Pin20 SENDA1: MOVX A,@R1 JNB ACC.2,SENDA1 ; LOOP TILL TXrdy POP ACC MOV P2,#THRA ; SEND IT OUT MOVX @R1,A RET END

35

AD_DA.INC
EXTRN CODE(ReadAD) ;Reads from an A/D, A/D specified by acc, value returned on acc ;source: MicroPac 535 data sheet Copyright 1993-1997, EMAC Inc.

O2.INC
EXTRN CODE(GetAFR) ;will get AFR from O2 sensor ;sends AFR value to amulet ;sends AFR error to amulet ;flags, DPTR, & acc modified ;all other registeres OK ;gets address of A/D with O2 sensor from myregs.inc file

36

VAR.INC
;Variables List $save $nolist sec_cnt cntsv cnt ascii0 ascii1 ascii2 ascii3 ascii4 datain chan1 chan2 broad1 broad2 tenms hunms AFRhex CoolMSB CoolLSB AirMSB AirLSB PackCnt O2ADAddr CoolADAddr AirADAddr EQU EQU EQU data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data 01h 01h 01h 32h 31h 30h 33h 34h 35h 36h 37h 38h 39h 3ah 3ch 3dh 3eh 3fh 40h 41h 42h 43h 44h 45h ;count to 8 for .5 sec ;counts during .5 sec (?) saved ;current count

;Constants found in the MicroPac535 Data Sheet MR2ADAT EQU 00000111B ; normal,no TxRTS, no CTS, 1 stop bit MR2BDAT EQU 00000111B ; normal,no TxRTS, no CTS, 1 stop bit CRA EQU 02h CRB EQU 0Ah MR1A EQU 00h MR1B EQU 08h ACR EQU 04h CSRA EQU 01h CSRB EQU 09h SRA EQU 01h SRB EQU 09h RHRA EQU 03h RHRB EQU 0Bh THRA EQU 03h THRB EQU 0Bh secflag key_press onems ten_fl hunms_fl bit bit bit bit bit 4fh 50h 51h 52h 53h ;flag ;flag ;flag ;flag ;flag for for for for for .5 sec keypad press 1ms 10ms 100ms

37

Excel Visual Basic Macros: Appendix B-2

Worksheet1
Private Sub CommandButton1_Click() Call ResetLog End Sub Private Sub CommandButton3_Click() Call RunWedge LogRow = 2 End Sub Private Sub CommandButton4_Click() Call CloseWedge End Sub

Module1
Global LogRow As Long Sub LogIt() copy cells on sheet1 for dashboard into Worksheets("Log").Cells(LogRow, 2).Value = Worksheets("Log").Cells(LogRow, 3).Value = Worksheets("Log").Cells(LogRow, 4).Value = Worksheets("Log").Cells(LogRow, 8).Value = Log Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 1 used for counting incoming

1).Value 2).Value 3).Value packets

LogRow = LogRow + 1 'increment for next log entry End Sub Sub GetSWData() 'Static RowPointer As Long ' preserve variable values between calls RowPointer = 2 ' point to second row ' the first time through, RowPointer will automatically initialize to point to Row 1 Chan = DDEInitiate("WinWedge", "Com4") ' establish DDE link to WinWedge on Com1 WinWedge separates Data Packet into 3 Fields (AFR, Coolant, Air) The following code imports each field to a separate cell for the virtual dashboard sheet1 F1 = DDERequest(Chan, "Field(1)") ' get Field(1) data into a variant array WedgeData$ = F1(1) ' convert variant array to a string Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(RowPointer, 1).Formula = WedgeData$ ' Write the data to cell address: (RowPointer,1) in Sheet1, i.e. fill up Column 1 (Column A) ' repeat for each Data Field set in WinWedge F1 = DDERequest(ChannelNum, "Field(2)") ' get Field(2) data into a variant array WedgeData$ = F1(1) ' convert variant array to a string Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(RowPointer, 2).Formula = WedgeData$ 'write the data to Column 2 F1 = DDERequest(ChannelNum, "Field(3)") ' get Field(3) data into a variant array WedgeData$ = F1(1) ' convert variant array to a string Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(RowPointer, 3).Formula = WedgeData$ 'write the data to Column 3 repeat for additional fields (when adding remaining sensors) DDETerminate Chan ' kill the DDE link ' YOUR CODE GOES HERE TO DO SOMETHING WITH THE DATA MAYBE? Call LogIt End Sub

38

Module2
Public Const MyPort$ = "COM4" ' change port if necessary Sub RunWedge() x% = Shell("C:\Program Files\WinWedge\winwedge.exe c:\temp\winwedge\com4setup.SW3") ThreeSecsFromNow = TimeValue(Now) + TimeValue("00:00:03") Do While TimeValue(Now) < ThreeSecsFromNow DoEvents ' give WinWedge time to load Loop End Sub Sub CloseWedge() On Error Resume Next ' ignore errors Chan = DDEInitiate("WinWedge", MyPort$) ' open a dde link with WinWedge DDEExecute Chan, "[Appexit]" ' tell WinWedge to quit DDETerminate Chan End Sub Sub ResetLog() LogRow = 2 'reset row index for data logging Worksheets("Log").Range("A2:H65536").ClearContents End Sub

39

Proposed Code for Integration with 2006 Project: Appendix B-3

RFSEND.A51
;Routine for RF Packet Transmission: $NOMOD51 $include(reg515.inc) $include(var.inc) name rfsend public rfsend EXTRN CODE(TRANSMIT) rfsend_seg segment code rseg rfsend_seg ;*************************************************** ;This file sends formatted data to serial port 1 (A) ;for transmission using Aerocomm transceivers. ; ;Variables must be added in .inc of 2006 proj as well ;as in sensor subroutines to save results to be recalled ;and sent here. ; AFRhex ; CoolMSB ; CoolLSB ; AirMSB ; AirLSB ; Transmit (COM1) and breaknsend also need to be ;included in 2006 project ;*************************************************** RFSEND: mov a,AFRhex lcall breaknsend ;split byte and send ASCII over serial port mov a,CoolMSB lcall breaknsend mov a,CoolLSB lcall breaknsend mov a,AirMSB lcall breaknsend mov a,AirLSB lcall breaknsend ;***add remaining sensors ;***update RF Packet Size EEPROM setting ;***update WinWedge data fields ;***update Excel Macro for new data fields ;***add new gauges to virtual dashboard mov a,#0Ah ;new line lcall transmit mov a,#0Dh ;carriage return...end of data record lcall transmit ret end