CHAPTER 6: Sources Of Energy

NAME : Nor Elina Fazlin Bte Mohd Osman CLASS : 1T TEACHER NAME : Shirley Teoh

6.1 : Various Forms and Sources of Energy Forms of Energy

Energy is definied as the ability to do work . For example , energy is required to run , climb a tree , light a bulb , ride a bicycle , and row a boat . All living things need energy to conduct daily activities . Man and animals obtain energy from food which are in turn obtained from plants or other animals . Plants obtain energy from food manufactured during the process of photosyhthesis . Energy in measured in joules (J) . Energy is found in many forms : (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Kinetic energy Potential energy Heat energy Light energy Sound energy Chemical energy Electrical energy Nuclear energy

- Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is present in object that are moving . The kinetic energy of an object increases when it moves faster . Examples of kinetic energy : (a) a moving car (b) a flying bird (c) swinging pendulum

A moving car

A flying bird

Swinging pendulum

- Potential Energy
Potential energy is stored in a body due to its position (gravitational potential energy) or its physical state (elastic potential energy) . The gravitational potential energy of an object depends on the mass of the object , the distance of the object from the Earths surface and the power of the gravitational pull on the object . Elastic potential energy exists in only elastic substances such as a spring or rubber . Examples of objects which have elastic potential energy is a wound-up spring of a toy car , a stretched rubber band and a compressed spring .

Stretched rubber band

A stretched cord of a bow

An object gains potential energy as it gains height

Heat Energy

Heat energy is the energy that is stored in a hot object . The heat energy of a body depends on its temperature and volume . Heat energy can be detected by our skin . Examples of sources of heat energy : (a) Fire (b) Sun (c) Hot spring (d) Boiling water (e) Electrical heater

Fire

Sun

Hot Spring

Boiling Water

Light Energy

Light energy is the energy produced by an object that emits light . Light energy can be detected by the eye . without light , the eye cannot see surrounding object . Green plants use light energy from the Sun to carry out photosynthesis . Sources of light energy : (a) Sun (b) Fire (c) Lightning (d) Lamp / bulb

Sun

Fire

Lamp

Sound Energy

Sound energy can be detected by our ears . Sound energy is produced when we talk , sing , whistle , knock something , clap or play musical instruments . Sound energy is important because it enables us to communicate and have entertainment . Examples of object which can produce sound energy : (a) Striking a drum (b) Ringing a bell (c) Plucking at a guitar (d) Scraping a violin

- Chemical Energy
Chemical energy is the energy stored in a chemical substance . Chemical energy is found in fuels such aq petroleum , methane gas , candle , coal , and wood ; food such as rice , meat , fruits , and maize . Examples of chemical energy : (a) Food (b) Dry cell (c) Candle (d) Wood

- Electrical Energy
Electrical energy is the energy produced by the flow of electric charges . Electrical energy is supplied in the form of electric power , which is then converted into other forms of energy to perform work . Examples of electrical energy : (a) A dynamo (b) A battery / dry cell (c) A solar cell (d) An electric generator

- Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is obtained from elements such as plutonium and uranium . Nuclear energy is mostly used to generate electricity . Nuclear energy is also known as atomic energy . Some ships and submarines are powered by nuclear energy .

Sources of Energy
There are various natural sources of energy on Earth . Almost all the energy sources on Earth originate from the Sun . These sources of energy are used by man either directly or through energy converters . Types of energy sources on Earth : Fossil fuels such as petroleum , natural gas and coal . Water in mountain areas used to generate hydroelectrical energy . Heat from inside the Earth also known as geothermal energy . Wind used to generate electrical energy . Waves used to generate electrical energy . Animal and plant materials also known as biomass fuels . Radioactive metals used to produce nuclear energy . The Sun main sources of heat and light energy .

Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are fuels formed from remains of plant and animals buried in the ground and which had decomposed million years ago . Green plants use light energy from the Sun to make food . Coal , petroleum , and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels .

Biomass Fuels

Biomass fuels are obtained from decomposed organisms such as plants and
animals . Examples of biomass fuels : (a) Stems , branches , twigs , dry leaves , and fruits of plants . (b) Oils and fats of animals (c) Decomposed plant wastes and animal remains . (d) Animal wastes .

Wind

Wind is formed when there is a difference in air pressure between two places . The difference in air pressure is caused by the Sun . Wind as a source of energy can be traced back to the Sun .

The Change of Energy The principle of conservation of energy states that : (a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed . (b) Energy can only be transformed , or changed from one form to another . Therefore , to use energy means to change one form of energy to another form of energy that can perform a useful function .

6.2 : Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Sources There are two groups of sources of energy available : the renewable and nonrenewable . Most of the energy resources used by human are non-renewable .

Renewable Resources

Renewable energy sources are energy sources that can be replaced when they have been used . This means that the supply of these energy sources will not be used up .

Non-renewable Resources

Non-renewable energy sources are energy sources that cannot be replaced and will finally be used up .

6.3 : The Importance of Conserving Energy Sources

The non-renewable energy resources on Earth are slowly depleting because of continuous and widespread usage . We can show our appreciation by using the energy sources that we have today wisely and not in wasteful ways to make sure that these energy sources are still around for future generations to use . We should use and manage energy sources carefully . For example , we can : practise car-pooling or use public transport , switch off electrical appliances when they are not in use , turn off water tap when they are not in use , practise recycling of materials , practise reuse of materials .

One Direction what makes you beautiful . You're insecure Don't know what for You're turning heads when you walk through the door Don't need make up To cover up Being the way that you are is enough Everyone else in the room can see it Everyone else but you [Chorus] Baby you light up my world like nobody else The way that you flip your hair gets me overwhelmed But you when smile at the ground it aint hard to tell You don't know You don't know you're beautiful If only you saw what I can see You'll understand why I want you so desperately Right now I'm looking at you and I can't believe You don't know You don't know you're beautiful Oh oh But that's what makes you beautiful So c-come on You got it wrong To prove I'm right I put it in a song I don't why You're being shy And turn away when I look into your eyes Everyone else in the room can see it Everyone else but you [Chorus] Baby you light up my world like nobody else The way that you flip your hair gets me overwhelmed But you when smile at the ground it aint hard to tell You don't know

You don't know you're beautiful If only you saw what I can see You'll understand why I want you so desperately Right now I'm looking at you and I can't believe You don't know You don't know you're beautiful Oh oh But that's what makes you beautiful [Bridge] Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana Nana Baby you light up my world like nobody else The way that you flip your hair gets me overwhelmed But you when smile at the ground it aint hard to tell You don't know You don't know you're beautiful [Chorus] Baby you light up my world like nobody else The way that you flip your hair gets me overwhelmed But you when smile at the ground it aint hard to tell You don't know You don't know you're beautiful If only you saw what I can see You'll understand why I want you so desperately Right now I'm looking at you and I can't believe You don't know You don't know you're beautiful Oh oh But that's what makes you beautiful