a) Distinguish between data,information and knowledge Data is more than one such attribute value.

Is a datum (or is data) information? Yes, information is provided by a datum, or by data, but only because data is always specified in some conceptual context. At a minimum, the context must include the class to which the attribute belongs, the object which is a member of that class, some ideas about object operations or behavior, and relationships to other objects and classes. Rather, information, in general terms, is data plus conceptual commitments and interpretations. Information is data extracted, filtered or formatted in some way (but keep in mind that data is always extracted filtered, or formatted in some way). Knowledge is a subset of information. But it is a subset that has been extracted, filtered, or formatted in a very special way. More specifically, the information we call knowledge is information that has been subjected to, and passed tests of validation. Common sense knowledge is information that has been validated by common sense experience. Scientific knowledge is information (hypotheses and theories) validated by the rules and tests applied to it by some scientific community. Organizational knowledge in terms of this framework is information validated by the rules and tests of the organization seeking knowledge. The quality of its knowledge then, will be largely dependent on the tendency of its validation rules and tests to produce knowledge that improves organizational performance (the organizations version of objective knowledge) b) Define ICT and Multimedia ICT is the technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, pricess, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime. MULTIMEDIA multimedia is presentation of information by using a combination of text,audio,graphic,video and animation. multimedia means more than the use of the various media. there are five main media elements in a complete multimedia systems. c) Explain the hardware aspect of computing technology:central processing unit(CPU),storage,input and output CPU The central processing unit (CPU, occasionally central processor unit[1]) is the hardware within a computer system which carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the computer. The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.[2] The form, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.

STORAGE storage is the place where data is held in an electromagnetic or optical form for access by a computer processor. There are two general usages. 1) Storage is frequently used to mean the devices and data connected to the computer through input/output operations - that is, hard disk and tape systems and other forms of storage that don't include computer memory and other in-computer storage. For the enterprise, the options for this kind of storage are of much greater variety and expense than that related to memory. This meaning is probably more common in the IT industry than meaning 2. 2) In a more formal usage, storage has been divided into: (1) primary storage, which holds data in memory (sometimes called random access memory or RAM) and other "built-in" devices such as the processor's L1 cache, and (2) secondary storage, which holds data on hard disks, tapes, and other devices requiring input/output operations. INPUT An input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer. There are four types of input which are texts,graphics,audio and video. An input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system ... examples - mouse, keyboard OUTPUT An output is data that has been processed into a useful form,called information. There are four types of output which are texts,graphics,audio and video. An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system ... examples - printer, monitor, speaker d) Explain the software aspect of computing technology: system software and application software SYSTEM SOFTWARE System software is the OS, which is the backbone of your pc, the user interface that aloes you to use you computer and read, write and modify files which need to run your pc. There are two types of system software that are operating system and utility. APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application software is the programs you buy or download, which you don't need to run your pc.There are four types of application software that are word processing,spreadsheet,presentation and graphic editor e) Explain the communication technology : computer network,wired and wireless communication media and communication protocols : COMPUTER NETWORK

A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data Examples of different networks are Local area network (LAN), which is usually a small network constrained to a small geographic area. Wide area network (WAN) that is usually a larger network that covers a large geographic area. Wireless LANs and WANs (WLAN & WWAN) are the wireless equivalent of the LAN and WAN. All networks are interconnected to allow communication with a variety of different kinds of media, including twisted-pair copper wire cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, and various wireless technologies.[3] The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the interconnections of the Internet) WIRED COMMUNICATION MEDIA Wired media include copper cables (e.g., twisted-pair copper wire cable - the "telephone cable", coaxial cable, UTP cable - the "LAN cable", etc.) and optical fiber cables (made of glass or plastic). Copper cables allow the propagation of electric signals (i.e., electric voltage or current pulses), whereas optical fiber cables allow the propagation of light pulses. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION MEDIA Wireless media include the free space, the ionsphere, etc. Wireless media allow the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The transmission/reception of electromagnetic waves requires the use of some wireless link (also called radio link, due to the fact that radio broadcast was one the first commercial wireless communication system in use), such as terrestrial microwave links, satellite links, etc. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS A communications protocol is a system of digital message formats and rules for exchanging those messages in or between computing systems and in telecommunications. A protocol may have a formal description. Protocols may include signaling, authentication and error detection and correction capabilities. A protocol definition defines the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication; the specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. A protocol can therefore be implemented as hardware or software or both. f) Explain the information(content) types: text,audio,images,animation and video. TEXT Text is a series of one or more strings that can be displayed within a user interface component.Text is the basic element of multimedia. It involves the use of text types, sizes, colours and background colour. AUDIO

Audio is the sound portion which contains sound effect, speech, music or narration IMAGES is the process used for generating animated imagesby using computer graphics. The more general term computer generated imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, whilecomputer animation only refers to moving images. ANIMATION Animation is a sequence of still images, once put together one after the other, form a moving image. VIDEO Electronic signal of moving graphics, pictures and/or text used to combine a fluent source of images used for entertainment , education or other uses. GRAPHIC Graphic is any illustrative element in a page layout, such as a photograph, illustration, icon, ruled line, or any other non-text element. Graphics make the multimedia application attractive . There are two types of graphics used: bitmaps or vector. g) Explain the software development tools: programming languages, mark-up and scripting languages and authoring tools PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES A programming languages is a set words(reserved words such as Dim, If, Then, For, Next), symbols(=,*,&) and codes (set of rules) that enables humans to communicate with computers. MARK-UP A markup language is a modern system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. The idea and terminology evolved from the "marking up" of manuscripts, i.e., the revision instructions by editors, traditionally written with a blue pencil on authors' manuscripts. Examples are typesetting instructions such as those found in troff and LaTeX, or structural markers such as XML tags. Markup is typically omitted from the version of the text that is displayed for end-user consumption. Some markup languages, such as HTML, have presentation semantics, meaning that their specification prescribes how the structured data are to be presented, but other markup languages, like XML, have no predefined semantics. SCRIPTING LANGUAGES A high-level programming language that is interpreted by another program at runtime rather than compiled by the computer's processor as other programming languages (such as C and C++) are. Scripting languages, which can be embedded within HTML, commonly are used to add functionality to a Web page, such as different menu styles or graphic displays or to serve dynamic advertisements. These types of languages are client-side scripting languages, affecting the data

that the end user sees in a browser window. Other scripting languages are server-side scripting languages that manipulate the data, usually in a database, on the server. Scripting languages came about largely because of the development of the Internet as a communications tool. JavaScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, Tcl and Python are examples of scripting languages. AUTHORING TOOLS Also known as authorware, a program that helps you write hypertext or multimedia applications. Authoring tools usually enable you to create a final application merely by linking together objects, such as a paragraph of text, an illustration, or a song. By defining the objects' relationships to each other, and by sequencing them in an appropriate order, authors (those who use authoring tools) can produce attractive and useful graphics applications. Most authoring systems also support a scripting language for more sophisticated applications. The distinction between authoring tools and programming tools is not clear-cut. Typically, though, authoring tools require less technical knowledge to master and are used exclusively for applications that present a mixture of textual, graphical, and audio data. h) Explain the Internet and World Wide Web INTERNET A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community. Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a variety of ways to access the Internet. Most online services, such as America Online, offer access to some Internet services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP). The Internet is not synonymous with World Wide Web. WORLD WIDE WEB A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML (HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files. This means you can jump from one document to another simply by clicking on hot spots. Not all Internet servers are part of the World Wide Web. There are several applications called Web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web; Two of the most popular being Firefox and Microsoft's Internet Explorer. World Wide Web is not synonymous with the Internet.