Pressure Measurement

Pressure:
Force applied

to a surface or distributed over it.

Measured as Force per Unit Area. Force must act at right angle to calculate pressure Force is generally exerted by gas, vapour and fluid

Unit of Pressure
Measured either in British unit or in Metric unit also In British unit-measured in Pounds(of force) per Square Inch(of area) (psi) In Metric unit- measured in Newton per Square Metre The standard atmospheric pressure is approximately 14.696 psi In terms of liquid columns, standard atmospheric pressure will be equal to 760 mm of Hg 1 atm = 1 bar = 1.03 kg/cm2 = 10300 mm of Wg = 760 mm of Hg

Pressure is measured in terms of either Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, Vacuum Pressure or Differential Pressure Gauge Pressure It is the difference between the measured(absolute) and atmospheric pressure Zero gauge pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure 14.7 psi or 1.03 kg/cm2 at sea level and 20C An instrument reads gauge pressure will change its reading with changes in atmospheric pressure Absolute Pressure It is total pressure acting on a surface (psia) Scale starts from zero

 Vacuum It the pressure in range between zero pressure and atmospheric pressure Gauge that indicates gauge pressure may be designed to indicate pressure below zero Such gauges are known as Vacuum Gauges Differential Pressure In this gauge pressure is the difference in absolute terms between pressure at two points

Different Pressure Measurement Techniques Comparing an unknown pressure with a known pressure -Manometers Inferring pressure from the measured deformation of elastic material -Diaphragm - Bellows - Bourdon tubes

Manometer
U-Tube Manometer

Air Water Manometer

Manometer
Well Type Manometer

Manometer
Inclined-Tube Manometer

Manometer
Barometer

BOURDON TUBE PRESSURE GAUGE

C - Type

BOURDON TUBE PRESSURE GAUGE

C Type Differential Pressure Guage

BOURDON TUBE PRESSURE GAUGE

Spiral - Type

Helical - Type

DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE GAUGE

Calibrated scale

Pointer Link

Diaphragm

Capsules Pressure Pressure

Metallic - Type

Slack - Type

BELLOWS PRESSURE GAUGE

VACUUM MEASUREMENT MCLEOD GAUGE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY GAUGE IONIZATION GAUGE

MCLEOD GAUGE

PIRANI (THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY) GAUGE

THERMOCOUPLE (THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY) GAUGE

IONIZATION GAUGE

Hot Cathode Type

Cold Cathode Type

IONIZATION GAUGE

Alphatron - Type

STRAIN GAUGE PRESSURE GAUGE

STRAIN GAUGE PRESSURE GAUGE