Keshav Reddy Vocab: 1.

Chemistry - Gases Review Guide

Barometer- device used to measure the atmospheric pressure. Pressure- force per unit area Ideal Gas- one that obeys all assumptions of the kinetic theory. They do not really exist. Temperature- measure of the average kinetic energy of a system. Diffusion- molecules moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Effusion- gas escaping through a tiny hole in a container. Boyles Law- at a constant temperature, gas pressure and volume are inversely related. Charless Law- the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature, if the pressure is held constant. Gay-Lussacs Law- The temperature and pressure of a gas are directly related, at a constant volume. Combined Gas Law- deals with the situation where only the number of molecules stays constant. Avogadros Hypothesis- equal volumes of gases at the same temp and pressure contain equal number of particles. Grahams Law- the rate of effusion and diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the molecules.

2. Formulas P= F/A SI unit: 1 N/m^2= 1 pascal (Pa) Boyles Law: P1 x V2 = P2 x V2 Charless Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 or V1 x T2 = V2 x T1 Gay-Lussacs Law: P1/T1 = P2/T2 or P1 x T2 = P2 x T1 Combined Gas Law: (P1 x V2)/T1 = (P2 x V2)/T2 Ideal Gas Equation: PV = nRT (R = 0.0821 L x atm / mol x K) STP: O C and 1 atm V = nRT / P = 22.4 L n = PV / RT Daltons Law of Partial Pressure: P-total = P1 + P2 + P3 Grahams Law: Rate a / Rate b Kinetic Energy: mv^2

3. Key Ideas
1 atm = 760mm Hg = 760 torr = 101.3 kPa Gases: o Have mass o Easy to compress them o Will fill their container completely o Different gases can move through each other o Exert pressure o Gas pressure depends on temperature Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases: o Gases consist of hard, spherical particles o Small so the individual volume is considered to be insignificant o Large empty spaces between them o Easily compressed and expanded o No attractive or repulsive forces o Move rapidly in constant motion. The four variables that describe a gas are pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles. Doubling the number of gas particles doubles the pressure. The gas laws describe how gases behave In order to compare two gases, choose a standard temperature and pressure. Real gases behave like ideal gases at high temperature and low pressure. With real gases, molecules do take up space and there are attractive forces. Heavier molecules: o Move slower at the same temperature o Effuse and diffuse slower