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Science From Latin word scientia which means to know. Is a systematized body of knowledge It deals with concepts in seeking to extend the range of our experience and to reduce it to order 3. Sound- concerned with vibrations and waves and heir recording and transmission that occurs when light passes through the prisms and lenses. 4. Optics- concerned with the nature and propagation of light, including the refraction 5. Electricity and Magnetism- key concepts are electric charge and current.

Technology The science of applying the discoveries and inventions of scientist to make them useful to men

6. Modern Physics- interpretation and extension of physics in light of key events which happened about 1900, e.g. the discovery of X-rays and radioactivity.

Rules in Significant Figures 1. All non-zeros are significant figures (1-9).

Physics Deals with concepts which describes the properties of matter, energy, space and time

2. Final or ending zeros written to the right of the decimal point are significant 3. Zeros written to the right of the decimal point for the purpose of spacing the decimal point are not significant. 4. Zeros written between two significant figures are significant. Examples: a. 101- three significant figures b. 20002- five significant figures

Physics is divided into: 1. Mechanics- deals with such ideas as inertia, motion, force and energy. 2. Heat- includes the principle of temperature measurement, that is, the effects of temperature on the properties of materials, heat flow and thermodynamics (study of transformations involving heat and work).

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5. One or more zeros written to the immediate left of the decimal point are ambiguous; they may or may not be significant. Examples: sound waves, waves in rods and in vibrating helical spring.

Characteristics of Waves The Nature of Wave and Wave Motion Wave -Is a periodic disturbance. -are produced in all forms of matter even in empty space where ordinary matter does not exist. Period of Vibration (T)- the time taken for a particle to move through in one complete cycle Frequency of Vibration(f)- the number of such vibrations executed by the particle each second Wavelength- the distance between two successive points in a wave Standing Wave- a stationary wave pattern formed in a medium when two sets of identical wave pass through the medium in opposite directions Amplitude (A)- the maximum displacement from their normal position of the particles that oscillate back and forth Crest- the top points o the wave Trough- the bottom points on the wave

Wave motion Some sort of periodic displacement of an elastic medium from its normal position

Types of Wave in Matter 1. Transverse Wave- a wave in which the vibration direction is perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation. Examples: water waves, waves in strings under tension, electromagnetic waveslight and radio waves. 2. Longitudinal (or Compressional) Wave- a wave in which vibration direction is parallel to the direction of propagation.

Properties of Waves

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Reflection- occurs when a wave strike an object or comes to a boundary or another medium and is at least diverted back into the original medium Refraction- occurs when a wave crosses a boundary into another medium its speed generally changes because the new material has a different characteristic. Entering the medium obliquely (at an angle), the transmitted wave moves in a direction different from that of the incident wave. Diffraction- the property of wave to bend around and edge of an object but is unrelated to refraction Dispersion- waves of different frequency spread apart from one another. When wave speed does depend on wavelength (frequency) the waves are said to exhibit dispersion. Water waves are dispersive but only in very deep water. Under such conditions, longer wavelengths travel faster than the shorted wavelength Interference- occurs when two or more waves overlap in the same region of space. Standing Waves are simple example of an interference effect. a. Constructive Interference- it is when two same parts of a wave meets Example: crest + crest Trough + trough b. Destructive Interference- it is when two different parts of a wave meet Example: crest + trough

The Nature of Sound Sound is a disturbance or vibration whose energy must be communicated into a medium. Sound is one of the examples of longitudinal waves which needs a medium in order for it to travel and reach a certain point. The definition of sound is completed by these three very important thins: 1. There must be a vibrating body 2. There must be a medium to transmit the vibration 3. There must be a receiver to detect the sound

The Nature of Light Light is a form of electromagnetic wave whereby the eye is sensitive. It forms the part of electromagnetic spectrum from 740 nm (red light) to 400 nm (blue light).