Yuva Club Express View (June 2012)

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Yuva Club Express View

By- National Association of Youth (An evolution of Shabdvidya Sewa Sansthan)

Food Insecurity(Essay Based on 2010 Data)

India is second largest country in the world in the manner of population. It is most important considerable plus point of the India, because it involve large human capital. Even we all Indian are thinking that, we will becomesuper power in the world. But when we look at the basic problems of the Indian peoples, we know thatthe Indian common man is facing lots of problems today. Recently most of Indian peoples are struggling with the bread and butter due to the continuously increasing prices of foodgrain, vegetables, pulses and other cereals. I. What Is Expected In Food Security? : Food security happens when all people at all times have access to enough food that should affordable, safe and healthy, culturally acceptable , meets specific dietary needs, obtained in a dignified manner and produced in ways that are environmentally sound. The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing "when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life". Commonly, the concept of food security is defined as including both physical and economic access to food that meets people's dietary needs as well as their food preferences. But food security is a complex sustainable development issue, linked to health through malnutrition, but also to sustainable economic development, environment, and trade. There is a great deal of debate around food security. If we fail to maintain above there has been food insecurity. Food insecurity exists when all people, at all times, do not have physical and economic access to the sufficient, safe and

Yuva Club Express View (June 2012)

nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

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II. Supply Side Analysis of Food Insecurity in India : According to the data published by the government of India and the Food Corporation of India, total production of foodgrain was 230.78 million tonnes in 2007-08 and in recent year it is 229.85 million tonnes. There is just 0.93 million tonnes of foodgrain production decreased than last year. Hence question is that, only 0.93 million tonnes falling production of foodgrain can create such situations of food insecurity in India? When look at the statistics relating to the major foodgrain production. We found that, rice production is increased from 96.69 to 99.37 million tonnes in 2007-08 to 2008-09, wheat production is decreased from 78.57 to 77.63 million tonnes, production of coarse cereals is just decreased from 40.76 to 38.67 million tonnes, cereals production is decreased from 216.02 to 215.67 million tonnes and production of pulses is near about stable it is changed from 14.76 to 14.18 million tonnes in same year. In the same year population growth is near about hardly 1.10 percent and net growth of population may be 0.50 to 0.75 percent. It is not larger growth which may become burden on food supply in India. Because, in the same period fish production is increased from 6.8 to 7.3 million tonnes, fruit production increased from 59563 thousand tonnes and production of vegetables is increased from 115011to 125887 thousand million tonnes. Apart from the production of foodgrain and supported foods buffer stock of foodgrain also increase continually since 2007. In year 2006-07 buffer stock of wheat were 54.28 million tonnes and 119.77 million tonnes of rice stock. In year 2007-08 stock of wheat were 77.12 million tonnes and 114.75 million tonnes of rice and in year 2009 stock of wheat is increased to 182.12 million tonnes and stock of rice is increased to 175.76 million tonnes. There has been net growth in the major foodgrain production in India. So we conclude that, it is not economic problem it may be another type. III. Trade Practice Analysis of Foodgrain Market : Supply side analysis of the food market shows that, there is not greater change in foodgrain production in India. But recently all Indians are facing a problem of low availability of foodgrain in the market and its higher prices. It is questionable, because generally trend of rising price can be found whether production of particular goods is decreased. But unfortunately production of foodgrain is near about stable while prices are rising rapidly in India. It is happen in the retail market due to the speculative practice of the traders. According to the supply department of the government of Indian and the government of Maharashtra most of traders are kipping illegal stock of foodgrain and pulses. They are doing such for only profit motive and ignore the morality. Hence, we can say that it is not only natural problem but also manmade. In another word we can say that "Hunger created by nature but supported by traders". IV. How Can Tackle It? : It may be possible to make food security in India in good manner. If we doing the proper planning of foodgrain production and fair practices in food market. There is need of strong control over the food market in India. In developing countries like India, the root causes of food insecurity include, poverty, corruption, national policies that do not promote equal access to food for all, environmental degradation, barriers to trade, insufficient agricultural development, population growth, low levels of education, social and gender inequality, poor health status, cultural insensitivity, and natural disasters. If the government concentrate the problem specific it is possible by the existing majors, but there is need of implementation of that in proper manner and accurately. Public distribution system is very good way to overcome the problem of speculation by the private traders. Another way to food security is increase in fruit, milk and fish production, Fish is not only a vital food it is also a source of livelihood for millions of people around the globe. We can solve that problem by the increase in inland and sea fish production in India. The policy of mitigating nutritional deficiencies and food security by fisheries is a pragmatic move in India, considering the fact that sea has ample scope for continuous supply of protein rich food. We need to exploit the food from sea to counter the menace of malnutrition. India, with its vast coastline and seas can use science and technology to make full use of fisheries in ensuring food security to its vast populace. The objectives of the Public Distribution System-PDS are good but it was failed to accomplish that objective due to the corruption. PDS is better way to tackle the problem of food speculation of private traders. If the government will succeed the in the motive of PDS the intensity of food insecurity problem will be reduced in future. However, the cruel reality is that despite this huge food production, a huge buffer stock and an extensive network of PDS, millions of people are food insecure and many even die of starvation. Food Insecurity and tragedy hit different parts of the country every year.

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The problem of food security comes mainly from the slow growth of purchasing power of the people in the rain-fed eco-systems. Efforts must be made to help them by developing drought resistant seeds, costeffective dry-land farming techniques. A major challenge to food security comes from dietary diversification of the poor. If cereal pricing is left to the market forces, government playing the facilitating role, land will be released from rice and wheat cultivation to meet the growing demand for non-cereal crops such as oilseeds, fruits and vegetables in accordance with diet diversification. At the movement the problem is the problem of distribution of existing comfortable level of supply. However with increasing population combined with low agricultural productivity. Therefore we should do efforts to increase productivity and re-correct the distribution problems. Conclusion : Although, we can say that food security problem in India is not serious if we success in the proper distribution policy. But problem is that, the government has failed to control and regulate food market in India. This problem becomes serious due to the unfair trade practice by private traders doing in drought situation. The problem of hunger is due to poor economic accessibility. It is result of poor implementation of policy measures. ***

JOB Opportunities in Social Sector

The Union Labour & Employment Minister Shri Mallikarjun Kharge has informed the Rajya Sabha that Reliable estimates of employment and unemployment are obtained through quinquennial labour force surveys conducted by National Sample Survey Office. Last such survey was conducted during 2009-10 .As per two most recent round of surveys, about 23.4 per cent and 25.3 percent of persons were estimates to employed in services sector. Against these estimates persons employed in social sector comprising education, health and social work and other community , social and personal service activity combined together were 6.0 per cent and 5.3 percent ,respectively during the corresponding period. As per data collected under Employment Market Information programme of Directorate General Of Employment & Training, employment in the organized sector, both public and private, increased from 26.4 million in 2004-05 to 28.7 million in 2009-10. The Minister was replying to a written question whether it is a fact that organisations working in the social sector in the country are continuously increasing the job opportunities; if so, Governments reaction thereto; whether it is also a fact that job opportunities are not being increased in the corporate sector in comparison to these organisations; and the details thereof and the rate of increase of job opportunities in social and corporate sector in the year 2011?

Cyber Crime
As per the cyber crime data maintained by National Crime Records Bureau, a total of 217, 288, 420 and 966 Cyber Crime cases were registered under Information Technology Act, 2000 during 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively. Also, a total of 328, 176, 276 and 356 cases were registered under Cyber Crime related Sections of Indian Penal Code (IPC) during 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively. The Minister Sachin Pilot informed that a total of 154, 178, 288 and 799 persons were arrested under Information Technology Act 2000 during 2007-2010. A total number of 429, 195, 263 and 294 persons were arrested under Cyber Crime related Sections of Indian Penal Code (IPC) during 2007-2010.

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The number of Cyber Crimes reported in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Bangaluru for the years 2009 and 2010 are given in the following table.

Sl. No.

Cities 2009

Cases Registered 2010 41 8 10 40

1. 2. 3. 4.

Delhi City Mumbai Chennai Bangaluru

5 4 2 97

The number of Cyber Crimes reported from Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Bangaluru for the year 2011 is not available with National Crime Records Bureau. The Government has evolved an integrated approach with the following legal, technical and administrative steps : The Information Technology Act, 2000 as amended by the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 has been enforced on 27.10.2009. The Act provides legal framework to address various types of cyber crimes and prescribes punishment also for such crimes. A major programme has been initiated on development of cyber forensics specifically cyber forensic tools, setting up of infrastructure for investigation and training of the users, particularly police and judicial officers in use of this tool to collect and analyse the digital evidence and present them in Court. Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) and Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) are involved in providing basic and advanced training of Law Enforcement Agencies, Forensic labs and judiciary on the procedures and methodology of collecting, analysing and presenting digital evidence. Cyber forensic training lab has been set up at Training Academy of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to impart basic and advanced training in Cyber Forensics and Investigation of Cyber Crimes to Police Officers associated with CBI. In addition, Government has set up cyber forensic training and investigation labs in Kerala, Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur and Jammu & Kashmir. In collaboration with Data Security Council of India (DSCI), NASSCOM. Cyber Forensic Labs have been se up at Mumbai,Bengaluru, Pune and Kolkata. DSCI has organized 112 training programmes on Cyber Crime Investigation and awareness and a total of 3680 Police officials, judiciary and Public prosecutors have been trained through theseprogrammes. National Law School of India University, Bangalore has also been conducting training on Cyber Law and Cyber Forensics through Judicial officers. The Government has formulated a set of investigation manuals with procedures for Search, Seizure analysis and presentation of digital evidence in courts. The manuals have been circulated to Law Enforcement Agencies in all States. Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) issues alerts, advisories and guidelines regarding cyber security threats and measures to be taken to prevent cyber incidents and enhance security of Information Technology systems.

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How Many People are Homeless in India ?

The census of the homeless, which officially concluded on March 1, has resulted in a face-off between a group of voluntary organizations and the office of the Director of Census Operations, Delhi. While a group of NGOs on Saturday pointed out that many homeless were left out of the counting process, the census director maintained that the exercise was brought to a close only after counting was completed. Some of the NGOs involved in the census count of the homeless - Aashray Adhikar Abhiyan (AAA), Indo-Global Social Service Society (IGSSS), Butterflies, Beghar Mazdoor Sangharsh Samiti (BMSS), Nirmana, Humana, GATI, Society for Promotion of Youth and Masses (SPYM) and CHETNA came together on Saturday to point out flaws in the exercise.

Employment growth in India

The Union Labour & Employment Minister Shri Mallikarjun Kharge has informed the Rajya Sabha thatReliable estimates of employment and unemployment are obtained through quinquennial labour force surveys conducted by National Sample Survey Office. Last such survey was conducted during 2009-10. As per the three most recent surveys, employment growth rate estimated on usual status basis has decelerated from 2.95 percent during 1990-2000 to 2004-2005 to 0.28 percent during 2004-05 to 2009-10. State-wise details of employment rate on usual status basis are given at Annex.

As per information collected under Labour Market Information Programme of Directorate General of Employment and Training, details of employment in Public and Private Sectors as on 31st March, 2008, 2009 and 2010 are given below:

Sector

Employment in organized sector (in lakh)- as on 31st March 2008 2009 2010

Public Private

176.74 98.75

177.95 103.77

178.62 108.46

Data regarding permanent, contract, casual employment etc. are not maintained centrally. The Minister was replying to a written question whether Government have the data regarding the growth of employment in the country for the last three years; the State-wise details thereof; and the details regarding Government sector, private sector and the nature of employment like permanent, contract, casual etc.

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