Schemes 1.How schemes are conceived & formed 2.

What are P& IDs and How are they formed 3.How Lay outs are formed 4.What Piping Area Diagrams and how are they prepared 5.Tender and AFC drawings 6.CCOE drawings

Relevant codes and standards ASME 31.4 OISD 118 OISD 117 OISD 141 Electrical Standards Station Equipments Mechanical, Electrical and T&I

Overall Project Activities

Corporate Optimization Group

Options Project Requirements

PMS 1 Exploring Options

Options Scheme

PMS 2 Past Project Reference Data base Scheme Development

Cost Estimation

PMS 3
Scheme

Costing Estimation PMS 4 Detailed Engineering Past P.O reference/B.O

Standard Spec. Database

Scheme

Engineering Details PMS 4 HR Estimation

HR Database
Costing

HR Estimate

Approval

PMS 5 DFR / Final scheme transmission

Execution / Monitoring Group

COG

Pj Requirement

PMS 1.1 Route Selection Route details PMS 1.2 Pipe Grade & Size Selection

Land profile data soil survey Pop. data Govt. records Engg. files

Pipe data specification

PMS 1.3 Equipment Selection PMS 1.5 Equipment details Instruction & Control Selection Control requirements PMS 1.4 Power requirement calculation Power tariff & availability Electrical database

PMS 1.6 Compilation of data for each option

Options

PMS 2 Scheme Development

FACILITIES

Pump Station Facilities

Pumping Receipt Delivery Storage

Scrapper Launch/Receipt

Surge

tank/Others OWS Fuel storage Metering Controls Electrical Instrumentation Communication Switch Yard

MOTHER PUMP STATION WITH TANK FARM

Main Equipments
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Equipment
Storage tanks Booster Pumping Units Crude Oil Blender Basket Strainer BODY: ASME section VIII Welding: ASME section IX Flanges: ANSI B 16.5 & MSS-SP44 Gasket: API 601 ANSI/API Standard 610 BODY: ASME section VIII QOC: BS EN 10222 Flanges: ANSI B 16.5 & MSS-SP44 Gasket: API 601 API 6D, API 600/602, BS 1868, BS 1873

Applicable Code
API standard 650 ANSI/API Standard 610

Remark s

5. 6.

Mainline Pumping Units Scraper Launching Barrel

7.

Different Valves- Gate, Swing Check, Control etc.

Auxiliaries:
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
OWS

MOTHER PUMP STATION WITH TANK FARM

Equipment Applicable Code Remarks

Sump Tank & Sump Pump Drag Reducer TRVs API standard 520, 526, 527 ASME section VIII

Fire Fighting Facilities:

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. Equipment
Fire water pond/tank Fire Fighting Pump & Jockey Pump Fixed Foam Protection System

Applicable Code

Remarks

INTERMEDIATE PUMP STATION WITH TANK FARM

Main Equipments
Sl. No. 1. 2. Equipment
Storage tanks Basket Strainer

Applicable Code
API standard 650 BODY: ASME section VIII Welding: ASME section IX Flanges: ANSI B 16.5 & MSS-SP44 Gasket: API 601 ANSI/API Standard 610

Remark s

3. 4.

Mainline Pumping Units

Scraper Launching/Receiving BODY: ASME section VIII QOC: BS EN 10222 Barrel Flanges: ANSI B 16.5 & MSS-SP44 Gasket: API 601 Different Valves- Gate, Swing Check, Control etc. API 6D, API 600/602, BS 1868, BS 1873

5.

INTERMEDIATE PUMP STATION WITH TANK FARM

Auxiliaries:
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
OWS Sump Tank & Sump Pump Drag Reducer TRVs API standard 520, 526, 527 ASME section VIII

Equipment

Applicable Code

Remark s

Fire Fighting Facilities:

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. Equipment
Fire water pond/tank Fire Fighting Pump & Jockey Pump Fixed Foam Protection System Compressors and DG

Applicable Code

Remark s

INTERMEDIATE PUMP STATION

Main Equipments
Sl. No. 1. Equipment
Basket Strainer

Applicable Code
BODY: ASME section VIII Welding: ASME section IX Flanges: ANSI B 16.5 & MSS-SP44 Gasket: API 601 ANSI/API Standard 610

Remark s

2. 3.

Mainline Pumping Units

Scraper Launching/Receiving BODY: ASME section VIII QOC: BS EN 10222 Barrel Flanges: ANSI B 16.5 & MSS-SP44 Gasket: API 601 Different Valves- Gate, Swing Check, etc. API 6D, API 600/602, BS 1868

4.

INTERMEDIATE PUMP STATION

Auxiliaries:
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
OWS Sump Tank & Sump Pump Drag Reducer TRVs API standard 520, 526, 527 ASME section VIII

Equipment

Applicable Code

Remark s

Fire Fighting Facilities:

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. Equipment
Fire water pond/tank Fire Fighting Pump & Jockey Pump Compressors and DG

Applicable Code

Remark s

DELIVERY STATION
Main Equipments
Sl. No. 1. Equipment
Basket Strainer

Applicable Code
BODY: ASME section VIII Welding: ASME section IX Flanges: ANSI B 16.5 & MSS-SP44 Gasket: API 601 BODY: ASME section VIII QOC: BS EN 10222 Flanges: ANSI B 16.5 & MSS-SP44 Gasket: API 601 API 6D, API 600/602, BS 1868

Remark s

2.

Scraper Receiving Barrel

3.

Different Valves- Gate, Swing Check, etc.

DELIVERY STATION
Auxiliaries:
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
OWS Sump Tank & Sump Pump Drag Reducer TRVs API standard 520, 526, 527 ASME section VIII

Equipment

Applicable Code

Remark s

Fire Fighting Facilities:

Fire Water Network Hooked up with Refinery Fire water Network.

FACILITIES
FACILITIES / EQUIPMENTS STORAGE TANKS BOOSTER PUMPS GENERATOR COMPRESSOR MAINLINE PUMPS SCRAPPER BARREL SUMP TANK SUMP PUMP TANK FARM INTERMEDIATE PUMPING STATION SCRAPPER STATION X X X X X X

FACILITIES
FACILITIES / EQUIPMENTS FIRE PUMPS FUEL TANK FUEL UNLOADING PUMP WATER SOFTENING PLANT BASKET STRAINER TURBINE METER CONTROL VALVE TANK FARM INTERMEDIAT E PUMPING STATION SCRAPPER STATION X X X X X X

INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL SYSTEM

A system of measuring process parameters, sensing status, logical decision making based on such analog / digital inputs, activation of corresponding controls in the process loop based on such logical decisions, initiating audible / visible alarms and providing a continuous, consistent, real time, accurate process feedback to the operator vide suitable MMI.
Induction Training - CTMPL IndianOil Pipelines

19/30

INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL SYSTEM

To ensure that the process runs in a safe, economical, efficient manner strictly in adherence to the operational philosophy by providing an easy, convenient and error free interface for the operator to monitor, maintain and record the process

Induction Training - CTMPL

IndianOil Pipelines

20/30

INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL SYSTEM

By measuring various parameters / physical states online and storing them w.r.to time to enable decision making / activation of various controls

IndianOil Pipelines

21/30

Induction Training CTMPL

Process parameters

Pressure
Indicators (Bourdon type Gauges) Transmitters (LCR Bridge Transducer)

IndianOil Pipelines

Temperature
Indicators (Bourdon type Gauges) Transmitters (Pt100 RTDs)

22/3 0

Induction Training CTMPL

Process parameters

Density
Transducer (Frequency sensors)

IndianOil Pipelines

Flow
Thermally activated switches Turbine Flow Meters

Level
Magnetic float switches Radar Tank Gauges
23/3 0

TANK FARM

MANIFOLD

BOOSTER PUMPS FILTERATION

DENSITY MEAS. METERING

METER PROVER

MANIFOLD

SUMP TANK & PUMP FCV

TO NEXT STATION

BLOCK VALVES

SLB
SLB MAINLINE PUMPS

FCV FILTERATION METERING

MANIFOLD

DENSITY MEAS.

TANK FARM

S R VALVE SUMP TANK & PUMP

SRB
FROM PREV. STN

Induction Training CTMPL

SCADA
SCADA SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE LEAK DETECTION & LOCATION WITH DRA MODULE LINE / PRODUCT BALANCE (FLOW MEASUREMENT) METER PROVING BATCH TRACKING PIG TRACKING OVER/UNDER PRESSURE PROTECTION PREDICTIVE MODEL PIPELINE EFFICIENCY OPERATOR TRAINER/PLANT SIMULATION SOFTWARE C.P. PERFORMANCE AUTOMATIC LOOK AHEAD INSTRUMENT ANALYSIS

26/3 0

IndianOil Pipelines

Design Considerations
Station

Discharge Head Rated Flow Velocity of flow in the line Piping Selection Equipment Rating Tankage Requirement Effluent treatment Fire & Safety Requirement Offsite Facilities Allied Facilities

Piping and Instrument Diagram

INTRODUCTION

Piping and Instrument Diagrams

The P & I diagram (Engineering Line Diagram) allows the design to progress from the "Process Flow Sheet / System and Piping diagram" to the final system design and installation stage. The P&ID are definitive and comprehensive diagrams showing all of the equipment, piping, valves and instrumentation. All items to be identified using a standard numbering systems. This normally entails having a unique plant item number for each item of equipment, valve, instrument and line. Ideally the line number should include a size, material and fluid contents identifier to enable the anyone reading the drawing to obtain this information without having to refer to other documents.

INTRODUCTION
An Engineering line should include Mechanical equipment with names and numbers Instruments with identification and necessary interfaces with control loops Interconnecting piping, sizes and identification Valves with identifications Vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers and increasers Flow directions Interface tags to other ELD's Control interfaces, inputs and outputs. Main plant interlocks. Identification of symbols used Reference list including identification of relevant PFD's

INTRODUCTION
The symbols used to be in accordance with identified standards and should clearly indicate the type of component, the method of connection (screwed, flanged etc) and and the status (Valves - Normally Closed, Normally Open). The method of operating equipment items should be clearly identified (electric motor, pneumatic actuator). It is not generally necessary to identify services and electrical supplies to the operators.

INTRODUCTION

P&I Diagrams include

Process Flow Diagram All equipments connected with piping All pipe sizes and grades All valves and sizes like Hand / Motor Operated Valves All pipe fittings and flanges except LR bends Two dimensional All instrumentation

INTRODUCTION

P&I Diagrams exclude

X

Piping Route Civil Facilities like buildings etc Co-ordinates for various facilities Distances between facilities Isometric Plant View Pipe Elevation

X X X X X

Codes & Standards being followed

Sl. No
01

Standard
ANSI B31.4

Description

Usage

Pipeline Transportation To Establish System for Liquid Requirement for Hydrocarbons and other safe Design liquids Layouts for Oil & Gas Installation Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations and Lube Oil Installations Specification for Line Pipes F/F Facility F/F Facility

02 03

OISD 118 OISD 117

04 05 06 07

API 5L ASTM A106 Gr.B ASTM A53 Gr.B IS 3589

M/L Pipe Station Pipes Station Pipes Station Pipes

Sl. N o
08

Standard

Description

Usages

API 610

Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

MLPU, BPU

09 10

API 650 BS 5355

Tanks Engines

11

API 6D

Valves Pipeline Transportation System -Pipeline Valves Gate Valves Swing Check Valves

12 13

API 600 BS 1868

Sl. Std. No
14

Description
Design ASME Section VIII, QOC- BS EN 10222 Door Closure BS PD 5500 Design ASME Section VIII Div-I Material- ASTM A 234 WPB, MSS SP 75 WPHY 52,65 Dimension- ANSI 16.25, MSS SP75 Inspection ANSI B16.9, MSS SP 75

Usages
Barrels

15 16

Sump Tank Fittings

17

Flanges Material- ASTM A 105, Mfg/Dimension- ANSI B16. 5, MSS SP 44, API 605 OWS API 1589, API 1581 Material- ASTM A 216 WCB, Design- ANSI B16 104, ANSI B 16.5, Separator Filter Elements Control Valves

18 19 20

Sl. No
21 22 23 24

Standard

Description

Usages
Welding Fire Fighting Pumping Units Insulating Coupling Gaskets

API STANDARD Welding of Pipeline and related 1104 Facilities Pump Design: IS 5120 Engine Testing: BS 5514 Design ASME Section VIII Div-I API Standard 601 Metallic Gasket for Raised-Face Pipe Flanges and Flanged Connections (Double-Jacketed Corrugated and spiral-wound) Flanged Steel Pressure Relief valves Steel Gate, Globe and Check Valves for sizes DN 100 and smaller for the petroleum and Natural gas Industries Design and Construction of LPG installations

25 26

API Standard 526 ANSI/API Standard 602

Relief Valves

27

API Standard 2510

Sl. No
28

Standard
OISDSTANDARD214 ASME B 31.82003

Description
Cross Country LPG Pipelines

Usages

29 30 31

Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping System API standard 520, 526, 527 ASME section VIII BS 1873 TRVs Globe Valves

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR LIQUID LINE

Following fire protection system/ facilities shall be considered for all the liquid hydrocarbon lines as per OISD-141.
Detection System Fire Alarm System Fire Extinguishers Fire Water System
a. Fire water storage b. Fire water Pumps c. Fire water distribution piping network d. Fire hydrant / Monitors

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR LIQUID LINE

HOSES, NOZZLES AND ACCESSORIES AND SPARES First Aid and Safety Equipment: Windsock Emergency Power supply Communication System Emergency Response Plan (ERP) / Disaster Management Plan ( DMP)

NOMENCLATURE

NOMENCLATURE
A)

LINE :- THE LINE NUMBER GIVES THE SIZE, LINE NUMBER

AND RATING AS FOLLOWS : SIZE OF PIPE P LINE NUMBER RATING EXAMPLE

20 P 2033 31

LINE RATING

LINE NUMBER

LINE SIZE

NOMENCLATURE
B) FULL BORE VALVE :- THE VALVE NUMBER GIVES SIZE
OF VALVE, STATION AND VALVE RATING AS FOLLOWS : SIZE OF VALVE STATION VALVE RATING EXAMPLE

24 IMP 20
VALVE RATING

STATION

VALVE SIZE

NOMENCLATURE
C) REDUCED BORE VALVE :- THE VALVE NUMBER GIVES
SIZE OF VALVE-FLANGE, SIZE OF VALVE BORE, NAME OF STATION AND VALVE RATING AS FOLLOWS :SIZE OF VALVE FLANGE X SIZE OF VALVE BORE STATION VALVE RATING

EXAMPLE

24 x 20 IMP 20
VALVE RATING STATION VALVE BORE SIZE VALVE FLANGE SIZE

RATINGS
RATING 150 SR 300 SR 400 SR 600 SR 800 SR 900 SR 1500 SR WORKING PRESSURE 275 PSI 720 PSI 960 PSI 1440 PSI 2160 PSI 2160 PSI 3600 PSI

LINE SPECIFICATION NUMBERS ANSI CODE 150 300 400 600 800 900 RATING 11 21 31 41 51 61

VALVE RATINGS GATE / BALL VALVE

ANSI CODE 150 300 400 600 800 900 END CODE W/W W/W W/W W/W W/W W/W RATING 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A

VALVE RATINGS GATE / BALL VALVE

ANSI CODE 150 300 400 600 800 900 END CODE W/F W/F W/F W/F W/F W/F RATING 01 02 03 04 05 06

VALVE RATINGS GATE / BALL VALVE

ANSI CODE 150 300 400 600 800 900 END CODE F/F F/F F/F F/F F/F F/F RATING 00 10 20 30 40 50

VALVE RATINGS ALL CLEAR / NORMAL SWING CHECK VALVE

ANSI CODE 150 300 400 600 800 900 END CODE W/W W/W W/W W/W W/W W/W RATING 05 15 25 35 45 55

VALVE RATINGS ALL CLEAR / NORMAL SWING CHECK VALVE

ANSI CODE 150 300 400 600 800 900 END CODE W/F W/F W/F W/F W/F W/F RATING 01 02 03 04 05 06

VALVE RATINGS ALL CLEAR / NORMAL SWING CHECK VALVE

ANSI CODE 150 300 400 600 800 900 END CODE F/F F/F F/F F/F F/F F/F RATING 09 19 29 39 49 59

PIPING LEGEND

PIPING LEGEND

PIPING LEGEND

DIFFERENT GRADES SPECIFIED BY API 5L STANDARD

Grade A25 A B X42 X46 X52 X-56 X60 X65 X70 X80 Yield Strength (PSI) 25000 30000 35000 42000 46000 52000 56000 60000 65000 70000 80000 Ultimate Tensile Strength (PSI) 45000 48000 60000 60000 63000 66000 70000 75000 77000 82000 90600

DIFFERENT GRADES SPECIFIED BY API 5L STANDARD

YS/ UTS > 0.93 History Upto X56 X60 - X70 X80 Developed upto 1960 Developed in 1970s Developed in 1980s but commercially produced in India recently.

X90 to X120 are now also developed in the last twenty years but not in commercial use till date in India.

STANDARD LENGTH OF PIPES

Nominal Length 6M 12 M 15 M 18 M 24 M Minimum Avg. Length 5.33 M 10.67 M 13.35 M 16.00 M 21.84 M Max. Length 6.86 M 13.72 M 16.76 M 19.81 M 25.91 M

6 M length are termed as single random lengths. 12 M lengths are termed as double random lengths.

END CONFIGURATION OF PIPES

Based on pipe to pipe joints pipe ends are specified as Beveled Ends Plain Ends Screwed Ends Flanged Ends Spigot/ Socket Ends Pipe to pipe/ fitting joints are butt welded Pipe to pipe/ fitting joints are fillet welded For threaded connections For bolted connection Cemented joints

DIFFERENT CODES USED FOR PIPE SELECTION

ANSI 36.10 ANSI 36.19 ASTM A53 ASTM A 106 ASTM A 120 API 5L IS 3589 Carbon steel pipes Stainless steel pipes Welded and seamless pipes Seamless CS pipes for high temp. service Galvanized pipe for ordinary use Line pipes for petroleum products Steel pipe for general purpose

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR PIPES

Corrosion allowance is added depending on type of service Design pressure is taken as 10% higher than anticipated MOP Design temperature is taken as 250 C higher than anticipated MOT When design temperature is 150 C and below consideration should be given for minimum temperature also. Design should meet the requirements of relevant code Material should be in accordance with the latest revision of standards.

CALCULATION OF PIPING WALL THICKNESS

Mainline pipe is designed for 10% higher than the maximum operating pressure. Design factor of 72% SMYS is considered. Station piping is designed for higher pressure than mainline to allow for the pump start-up against shut off and for throttling. In order to compensate for any un-calcubale expansion, mechanical, thermal or any residual stresses, generally 65% of SMYS is taken as the design factor. For sizing of the piping a maximum velocity of 4.5 M/ Sec. is considered in the design.

CALCULATION OF PIPING WALL THICKNESS

Specified Minimum Yield Stress (SMYS) of pipe is known from the specification of the pipe. Hoop stress (s) = 0.65 x SMYS x E Where E = Weld joint factor = 1.0 Design pressure = 1.1 x Working Pressure Design pressure = 2 x S x t / D Where t = thickness of pipe in Inch. D = Outside Dia of pipe in Inch.

LIST OF SOME REPUTED API GRADE PIPE MANUFACTURERS

M/s Jindal Saw Pipes M/s Wellspun Gujarat M/s PSL Limited M/s Tubacero, Mexico (Plant at Monterry Pipe Mill, Mexico) M/s Hyundai Corporation, Korea (Plant at SEIIA Pipe, Korea) M/s ILVA, Italy (Plant at ILVA s.p.a. Taranto) M/s International Economics & Trading Co. (Baoji Petroleum Pipe Corporation, Wuhan) M/s Thyseen Krupp, Germany (Corinth Pipe Works s.a., Greece) M/s Daewoo Corporation, Korea (Shinho Steel Co., Korea) M/s Bao Steel, China (Shashi Steel, China) M/s Steel Authority of India Ltd. (Plant at Rourkela) M/s. Mitshubishi, Japan (NKK, Japan) M/s Sumitomo Corporation, Japan (Sumitomo Industries) M/s Marubeni Corporation, Japan

IndianO il

EQUIPMENTS IN PIPELINES
FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE (CRUDE/DIESEL) API 610 HORZONTAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP API 610 VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP SPEED INCREASING SINGLE STAGE GEAR BOX

ENGINE PUMP

GEAR BOX VALVES

-GATE VALVES GLOBE VALVES SWING CHECK VALVES BALL VALVES TOP ENTRY CONTROL VALVES PRESSURE/ FLOW, RELIEF VALVES THERMAL / PRESSURE / SURGE BUTTERFLY VALVE/ TAPER PLUG VALVE

IndianO il

SPECIFICATION MAINLINE ENGINE

Mainline Engine being most critical equipment procured by P/L Division, the Spec. has been prepared covering all the aspect of a Diesel engine. A comparison of various aspects covered in the spec.for engine, pump ,valves , pipe & pipe fitting are as Engine
ENGINE SCOPE ENVOIRNMENT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT CODES AND STANDARD LUB OIL SYSTEM STARTING SYSTEM CHARGE AIR SYSTEM EXHAUST SYSTEM FUEL OIL SYSTEM COOLING SYSTEM GOVERNOR FLYWHEEL & FLYWHEEL GUARD PUMP COUPLING GUARD DIRECTION OF ROTATION MATERIAL OF COINSTRUCTION CONTROL SYSTEM SERVICE TANKS TEST/INSPECTION PERFORMANCE GURANTEE DOCUMENTATION PUMP SCOPE ENVOIRNMENT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT CODES AND STANDARD DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS COMPONENTS DIRECTION OF ROTATION MATERIAL OF COINSTRUCTION TEST/INSPECTION CONTROL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE GURANTEE DOCUMENTATION VALVE SCOPE ENVOIRNMENT CODES AND STANDARD SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT DESIGN MATERIAL OF COINSTRUCTION DIMENSIONS TEST/INSPECTION PERFORMANCE GURANTEE DOCUMENTATION

11

CLOSE VIEW OF MAINLINE ENGINE

LUBE OIL FILTER ASSEMBLY

MAIN LINE ENGINE AUXILIARIES

EXHAUST SILENCER

RADIATOR ASSEMBLY

OIL BATH FILTER

MAINLINE ENGINE AUXILIARIES

FUEL OIL DAILY SERVICE TANK

EXHAUST SILENCER

RADIATOR ASSEMBLY

MAINLINE PUMPING UNIT

MAIN LINE PUMP WITH SUCTION / DISCHARGE ARMS

FIRE WALL

GEAR BOX

M/L ENGINE

HAND OPERATED OVER HEAD TRACTION CRANE

HOT CRANE

CLOSE VIEW OF MAINLINE PUMP

MAINLINE PUMP WITH SUCTION AND DISCHARGE CONNECTION

PUMP DRAIN WITH FUNNEL ASSEMBLY

SCRAPPER LAUNCHING BARREL

SCRAPPER RECEIVING BARREL

SCRAPPER BARRELS

UNEQUAL TEE (X BAR)

SCRAPPER BARREL DOOR CLOSURE ASSEMBLY

TRV

PI

PS/P T

TYPICAL PIPE CONNECTIONS

TYPICAL PIPE CONNECTIONS

TRV PI PS/P T

BASKET STRAINER WITH ISOLATING MOVS

STRAINER BASKET

LEVEL TRANSMITTER

LEVEL SWITCH

SUMP PUMP & MOTOR

UNDERGROUND SUMP TANK

PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE

U/S FLOW STRAIGHTENER

D/S FLOW STRAIGHTENER

INSTALLATION OF TURBINE METER

Y TYPE STRAINER

BASKET STRAINER WITH ISOLATING MOVS

INSTALLATION OF LR BENDS

STATION PIPING

INSTALLATION OF SEPARATOR FILTER

ENGINE DRIVEN

MOTOR DRIVEN

AIR COMPRESSORS

INSTALLATION OF AIR VESSELS

EXHAUST PIPING

ALTERNATO R

RADIATOR

INSTALLATION OF DG SET

INSTALLATION OF DIESEL U/L PUMP

VERTICAL PUMP (MULTI STAGE)

ENGINE

INSTALLATION OF FIRE FIGHTING PUMPING UNIT

DELUGE VALVE

FOAM BLADDER TANK

FOAM FLOODING SYSTEM FOR M/L PUMP SHED

VALVES IN PIPELINES INDUSTRY

TYPE OF VALVES COMMONLY USED

GATE VALVE GLOBE VALVE BALL VALVE CHECK VALVE BUTTERFLY VALVE

GATE VALVE
Gate valves are full flow valves normally used to start or stop flow. A gate (sliding shut-off wedge) within the valve body is raised and lowered through a set of threads on the valve stem. The valve is operated by turning the valve stem counter clockwise to open the valve and clockwise to close the valve. These valves are usually either fully open or fully closed during service.

GATE VALVE
When fully open the gas or fluid flows through the valve in a straight line with very little resistance to flow. A gate valve can normally be recognized by a long stem, by the number of turns of the valve stem that it takes to close the valve (more turns are needed for a gate as compared to a globe valve), and sometimes by the appearance of the outside of the valve body (more square when compared to a rounded globe valve).

GLOBE VALVE
Globe valves are extensively used for the control of flow and where positive shut off is required. A globe valve employs an internal seat within the valve body. Hand operated globe valves are operated by turning the valve stem counter clockwise to open the valve and clockwise to close the valve. Threads on the valve stem cause the seal on the valve stem to mate with or move away from the valve seat. Close control over flow is readily accomplished. As the fluid or gas moves through this type of valve it must change direction. This results in increased resistance to flow.

GLOBE VALVE
Globe valves are ideal for use on product and air lines where close control over flow is required. Globe valves have a positive shut off feature which can prevent leakage of air and product.

BALL VALVE
Ball valves are quick opening, full flow valves, needing only a quarter of a turn to be fully open. A ball with a non-restricting port rides in a valve body on plastic non-sticking seats. Ball valves can provide a bubble tight seal. The ball valve can be used for full flow (venting), and control (product and air supply) functions.

BUTTERFLY VALVE
Butterfly valves are quick opening, full flow valves which employ a metal disk which when rotated on a shaft seals against seats in the valve body. Butterfly valves are normally used as throttling valves to control flow.

CHECK VALVE
In the functional grouping of the entire valve family, the check valve will be found in the group defined as valves designed to control the direction of flow. Check valves differ considerably in their construction and operation from the other groups of valves, designed either to stop the flow entirely (gate, plug, and quick-opening valves), or throttle the flow to a desired degree (globe, angle, needle, Y, diaphragm, and butterfly valves).

CHECK VALVE
Check valves are entirely automatic in their operation, and are activated internally by the flow of fluid or gases which they regulate. Check valves permit the flow of fluids or gases in only one direction; if the flow stops or tries to reverse its direction, the check valve closes immediately and prevents a back-flow. As soon as the pressure in the line is re-established, the check valve opens and the flow is resumed in the same direction as before.

Swing check valves

Swing check valves are the most popular of all check valves since they offer very little resistance to the flow when in wide open position. They are generally used on all piping where the pressure drop is of prime importance.

Swing check valves

Swing check valves are used for handling liquids, and can be installed in vertical or horizontal position without impairing their performance. However, these check valves are not recommended for such applications where the reversal of flow is frequent, since this causes the valve disk to fluctuate rapidly and result in "valve chatter."

PIPE-FITTINGS
VARIOUS TYPES OF PIPE-FITTINGS ARE USED TO COMPLETE THE PIPING SYSTEM. PIPE - FITTINGS ARE USED FOR : CHANGING DIRECTION CHANGING DIAMETER FOR PROVIDING BRANCH-OFF FROM MAIN PIPE.

Contd/-

TYPES OF PIPE-FITTINGS
(1)

TEES
EQUAL TEE UNEQUAL TEE CROSS BAR TEE

(2)

REDUCERS
CONCENTRIC REDUCER ECCENTRIC REDUCER

(3)

BENDS
LONG RADIUS BENDS (LR BENDS) 90 DEG. BENDS 45 DEG. BENDS

PIPE FITTINGS MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Material

Forging

Welding

Inspection

Machining

Heat Treatment

Finished product

TYPES OF PIPE-FITTINGS
SHORT RADIUS BENDS(SR BENDS) 90 DEG. BENDS 45 DEG. BENDS

SPECIAL FITTINGS
(1) WELD -OLET (2) SOCK-OLET BUTT WELDED BRANCH CONNECTION WHERE STANDARD TEE IS NOT AVAILABLE WHERE SOCKET WELDED BRANCH CONNECTIONS ARE REQUIRED

(3) THREAD-O- FOR THREADED BRANCH CONNECTIONS LET (4) ELBOWLET (5) NIPPOLET FOR BRANCH CONNECTIONS ON ELBOWS

FOR BRANCH CONNECTIONS ALONG WITH NIPPLES

(6) LATROLET FOR BRANCH CONNECTIONS AT AN ANGLE

DESIGN FEATURES OF LOW PRESSURE FITTINGS (ANSI - CLASS 150)

(1) ALL FITTINGS SHALL BE OUT OF ASTM-A-234 WPB MATERIAL. (2) FITTINGS OF SIZE 18 NB AND ABOVE OF 150 CLASS PRESSURE RATING MAY BE OF TWO CUP, BUTT WELDED TYPE OUT OF SUITABLE CARBON PLATE MATERIAL. (3) WELDING OF PIPE SHALL BE DOUBLE BUTT WELDED TYPE. (4) AND ALL WELD JOINTS HAVE TO BE 100% RADIOGRAPHED HAVE TO BE STRESS RELIEVED.

DESIGN FEATURES OF HIGH PRESSURE FITTINGS (ANSI - CLASS 400 & ABOVE )
(1) MATERIAL FOR FITTINGS UPTO 18 NB SIZE SHALL BE CONFORMING TO WPHY-52 GRADE, WHILE CONSTRUCTION FOR THE SAME SHALL BE OF SEAMLESS TYPE. (2) FITTINGS OF SIZE 20 NB AND ABOVE SHALL BE OF WELDED TYPE CONSTRUCTION. (3) WELDING OF PIPE SHALL BE DOUBLE BUTT WELDED TYPE. (4) AND ALL WELD JOINTS HAVE TO BE 100% RADIOGRAPHED HAVE TO BE STRESS RELIEVED.

H.K.SINGH DGM (PJ-Mech)