Amity School of Business: BBA, Semester I

Amity School of Business

BBA, Semester I
Computer In Management Arpan Sinha
Module - 2
Computer Network
What is a Network ?
A Network is a Connected System of Objects or People. Computer Network It is a Collection of Computers and Other hardware devices connected together so that network users can share hardware, software, and data as well as electronically communicate with each other.
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Uses of Computer Network

Simultaneous Access Sharing of Peripheral Devices Streamlined Personal Communications Easier Backup Process
Network Computer
Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Network

Advantages
File Sharing Resource Sharing Increase Storage Capacity Increase Cost Efficiency
Disadvantages
Security Issue Rapid Spread of Computer Virus Expensive Setup Dependent on Main File Server
Components of Network (Networking Hardware)

To Establish a computer Network various hardware are required ; To Connect multiple network together or to connect a computer or network to the internet. Some of the most common types of networking hardware's are :
Component of Computer Network

Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub Switch Router WAP Bridge Gateway Repeater Multiplexer Wi-Fi Bluetooth
Network Adaptor or NIC (Network interface Card)

It is used to connects the PC physically to the Network in order to send outgoing data from the PC and to receive all incoming data sent via network to PC. To connect a PC to an Ethernet (IEEE802.3 i.e. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) network using twisted pair cabling with RJ 11 Connector and Ethernet network adaptor with RJ 45 Connector would be used.
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Modem
It is the term used for a device that connects a computer to the internet. The name Comes form the term Modulation and Demodulation. Modulation refers to converting digital signals to analog form so they can be transmitted over analog media such as telephone lines. Demodulation refers to the translation from analog form back to digital form.
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HUB
It is least sophisticated and transmit all data received to all network nodes connected to hub. Consequently, with a hub, the network capacity is shared among the nodes.
Switches
A switch is smarter than a hub and offers more bandwidth. A Switch identifies the device for which the data is intended and sends the network data to that node only. It allows each node on the network to use the full capacity of the Network.
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Routers
Routers are even smarter-they pass data on to the intended receipt only. They can plan a path through multiple routers to ensure the data reaches its destination in the most efficient manner possible. It used in LAN,MAN and Internet.
Wireless Access Point

It is a device that functions similar to a hub, but it is used to connect wireless devices to a wired network
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Bridge
A bridge is a device that connect two network based on similar technology. Such as a LAN in one city and a similar LAN in another. It can also be used to partition one large LAN in to two smaller ones. Wireless Access Point It is a device that functions similar to a hub, but it is used to connect wireless devices to a wired network.
Computer 1 Computer 2 Computer 3 Computer 4 LAN A Bridge LAN B Computer 1 Computer 2 Computer 3 Computer 4
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Gateway
A gateway is a device to connect two dissimilar network, such as two networks using different networking communications Protocols.
Repeaters
Devices that amplify signals along a network. Due to loss of signal strength it is often necessary to use a repeater to boost the signal.
Multiplexers
Combines the transmissions from various devices and sends them as one message.
Concentrator
Type of multiplexer where individuals messages are active instead of being sent as a single message.
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Communication Protocols
It is an agreed upon standard for transmitting data between two devices on a network. Protocols specify how devices physically connect to a network, how data is packaged for transmission, how receiving devices acknowledge signals and how errors are handled. Common Protocols Ethernet and Token Ring (wired networks) Bluetooth and Wi-Fi (wireless) TCP/IP and WAP (Internet)
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Ethernet
Most widely used in wired networking protocol developed in 1970 Used in LANs Speed 10Mbps 10Gbps Ethernet uses a set of procedures known as CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection)
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Token Ring
LAN protocol developed by IBM Used with ring networks Uses a packet Token (data + address) Token carries data to recipient. If token is free, any computer can take it and attach message to it and send it. Eliminates collision. Speed 4-16 Mbps
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Wi-Fi (802.11)
Wireless Fidelity Developed in 1990s Standard for wireless networks in the home or office and connecting to Internet. Connection to Internet via Hotspot geographical area covered by Wi-Fi wireless access point. Designed for medium range data transfers. Speed 11 Mbps 100Mbps
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Bluetooth
Wireless technology using radio waves frequency band of 2.4GHz Designed for short range communication (less than 10 meters) Appropriate for communication between mobile devices, computer and peripheral devices. Speed upto 3Mbps Two Bluetooth enabled devices recognise each other and establish a piconet. 8 devices can use the same piconet One device Master and others slaves
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TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Protocol for Internet developed in 1970s
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

Standard for delivering content to mobile devices, smart phones and pagers. Uses cellular telephone network. Content can be web content, email Uses WAP enabled browser - microbrowser
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Types of Networks
LAN (Local Area Network)
It is a network that covers relatively small geographical areas. Such as home, office building or school. Privately owned networks with in a campus or building of up to a few kilometer in size The device on the network can be connected with either wired or wireless communication media. It distinguished from other kinds of network by three Characteristics - Their size, Their Transmission technology and Their Topology.
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MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

It is basically a bigger version of a LAN and normally uses similar technology. The best known example of a MAN is the cable television network available in many cities. It might cover a group of near by corporate offices or a city and might be either private or public. It support both data and voice.
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WAN (Wide Area Network)

This network covers a large geographical area, often a country and continent. It consists of two or more LANs, which could be relatively closer to one another or far apart. It may be publicly accessible, like the internet, or may be privately owned and operated
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PAN (Personal Area Network)

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer and different information technological devices close to one person. Some examples of devices that are used in a PAN are : personal computers Printers fax machines Telephones PDAs scanners, and even video game consoles. A PAN may include wired and wireless connections between devices. The reach of a PAN typically extends to 10 meters. A wired PAN is usually constructed with USB and Firewire connections while technologies such as Bluetooth and infrared 24 communication typically form a wireless PAN.
VPN (Virtual Private Network)

A virtual private network (VPN) is a computer network in which some of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger network (e.g., the Internet) instead of by physical wires. The data link layer protocols of the virtual network are said to be tunneled through the larger network when this is the case. One common application is secure communications through the public Internet, but a VPN need not have explicit security features, such as authentication or content encryption. VPNs, for example, can be used to separate the traffic of different user communities over an underlying network with strong security features. A VPN may have best-effort performance, or may have a defined service level agreement (SLA) between the VPN customer and the VPN service provider. Generally, a VPN 25 has a topology more complex than point-to-point.
Types of Transmission Media
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Network Topologies
Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Tree Topology Mesh Topology
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Bus Topology
It has no central hub. It consist of a central cable to which all network devices are attached. It is similar to ring networks except that the ends are not connected.
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Star Topology
It is a oldest topology for Computer Network It consists of a central device to which all the computers and other devices in the network connected, forming a star shape. It provide the facility of time sharing i.e. Centralized computing
HUB
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Ring Topology
It is a less common alternative to the star and bus topology. It do not have central hub. The computer and other network devices are connected in a ring formation from one device to next. Data travels from one device to another around the ring in one direction only using token passing.
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Tree Topology
Also known as a 'Hierarchical topology. It is a combination of Star and Bus topology. A typical scenario is: a file server is connected to a backbone cable (e.g. coaxial) that runs through the building, from which switches are connected, branching out to workstations.
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Mesh Topology
In this topology only one possible path from one node to another node. If any cable in that path is broken, the nodes cannot communicate. It uses lots of cables to connect every node with every other node. It is very expensive to wire up, but if any cable fails, there are many other ways for two nodes to communicate.
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Thank you
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Amity School of Business: BBA, Semester I

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Amity School of Business: BBA, Semester I

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Amity School of Business