Romania in Figures - 2011

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS
Coordinator of publication: Coordinators of edition:

Professor Vergil VOINEAGU, PhD - President Cristian Nicolae STNIC, PhD - Vice-president Gabriel Petric JIFCU - General Secretary Ilie DUMITRESCU - Director Adriana CIUCHEA - General Director Doina BADEA - Chief of Office
Editor in chief:
Doina BADEA - Chief of Office General Department of National Accounts and Macroeconomics Synthesis
Authors:
Adriana CIUCHEA, Doina BADEA, tefan TRIC PhD, Silvia PISIC, Andreea CAMBIR, Georgeta Marinela ISTRATE, Nina ALEXEVICI, Mihai GHEORGHE, Florica CRSTEA, Ion FLORESCU, Lucia Cecilia SINIGAGLIA, Florentina GHEORGHE, Daniela TEFNESCU. Daniela TEFNESCU - Director Lavinia POPESCU - Councellor Ramona SANDU - Councellor Department of European Affairs and International Cooperation
Translation:
Making-up:
Doina BADEA, Gabriela Melania PODBERECHI, Elena TUDOR, Genia MIHOC, Laura ENACHE, Daniela BUCUR, Lenua POPESCU.
Pre-press and printing:

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Photo: Vitty-Cristian CHIRAN - Director
Cover: Alexandru POPESCU - Referent

CD Editor: Lenua POPESCU- Councellor
National Institute of Statistics 16 Libertii BVD, Bucharest 5 Phones:+40 0213181871;+40 0213177770 F a x : + 4 0 0 2 1 3 1 2 4 8 7 5 e-mail: romstat@insse.ro h t t p : / / w w w . i n s s e . r o
NIS 2011
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ISSN 2066 - 6284
ISSN-L 1224 - 2896
EUROPEAN
UNION
FINLAND
SWEDEN ESTONIA LATVIA IRELAND UNITED KINGDOM DENMARK LITHUANIA
NETHERLANDS BELGIUM LUXEMBOURG FRANCE GERMANY CZECH REP. SLOVAKIA AUSTRIA HUNGARY SLOVENIA POLAND
ROMANIA
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
ITALY
BULGARIA
GREECE
MALTA
CYPRUS
CONTENTS
Page
General presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Labour market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Population income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Population expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Population consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Unemployed social protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Social insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Social assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 National accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Investments Agriculture Forestry Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Enterprise activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 International trade in goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Domestic trade Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Market services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 International statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

COUNTIES GROUPING, BY MACROREGION AND DEVELOPMENT REGION
Satu Mare SATU MARE
MARAMURE Baia Mare BISTRIA-NSUD SUCEAVA Suceava
BOTO ANI Botoani
North - West
Zalu Oradea SLAJ CLUJ Cluj-Napoca MURE Trgu Mure HARGHITA Miercurea Ciuc Arad ARAD ALBA Alba Iulia Timioara Deva Sibiu HUNEDOARA Braov SIBIU BRAOV COVASNA Sfntu Gheorghe VRANCEA Bistria NEAM Piatra-Neam
IAI Iai
North - East
Center
BIHOR
Bacu BACU
Vaslui VASLUI
MACROREGION ONE MACROREGION TWO MACROREGION THREE

GALAI Galai PRAHOVA
BUZU
MACROREGION FOUR
West
TIMI
Focani
Reia Trgu Jiu

CARA-SEVERIN
Rmnicu Vlcea
VLCEA
ARGE
Brila BRILA
Tulcea TULCEA
Trgovite Drobeta Turnu Severin

MEHEDINI
Buzu Ploieti IALOMIA
GORJ
Piteti
DMBOVIA ILFOV Slobozia CLRAI Clrai Constana
Legend: Towns Municipalities County residence Counties Development region
CONSTANA
Craiova DOLJ
Slatina
BUCHAREST
South-East
Alexandria
OLT
GIURGIU Giurgiu
TELEORMAN
South - West Oltenia
South - Muntenia
Bucharest - Ilfov
GENERAL PRESENTATION
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF ROMANIA
Extreme point (locality) North South East West Horoditea village Zimnicea town Sulina town Beba Veche commune County Longitude east1) 26o4205 25o2332 29o4124 20o1544 Latitude north 48o1506 43o3707 45o0936 46o0727
Botoani Teleorman Tulcea Timi
1) According to Greenwich.
Romania is situated in the geographical centre of Europe (south-east of Central Europe) in the north of the Balkan Peninsula, at half the distance between the Atlantic Coast and the Urals, inside and outside the Carpathians Arch, on the Danube lower course (1075 km) and is bathed by the Black Sea. The geometrical centre of the country is placed at the crossing of the 45oN parallel with the 25oE meridian (100 km N-W of the countrys capital, Bucharest).
Total area = 238391 km2. Romanian total borders = 3150 km. Neighbours: Bulgaria, Republic of Moldova, Serbia, Ukraine and Hungary. The Romanian seaside of the Black Sea lies on 245 km, between Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine) and Vama Veche locality (at the border with Bulgaria).
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION OF THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY ON DECEMBER 31, 2010

Number of counties Number of towns and municipalities of which: municipalities Number of communes Number of villages
1) Including Bucharest Municipality.
42 320 103 2861 12956
1)
Statistical abstract
ROMANIA'S RELIEF
It consists of three major levels namely: the highest one in the Carpathians, the middle one which corresponds to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to the plateaus and the lowest one in the plains, the meadows and the Danube Delta. The main features of the relief units are proportionality (31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and meadows) and the concentric display of the major relief levels.
Major mountain peaks

Name of peak Moldoveanu Negoiu Parngu Mare Peleaga Omu Name of massif Fgra Fgra Parng Retezat Bucegi County Arge Arge, Braov, Sibiu Gorj, Hunedoara Hunedoara Prahova, Braov, Dmbovia Height (m) 2544 2535 2519 2509 2505
Romanian running waters are radially displayed, most of them having their source in the Carpathians, and flow into the Danube river, which marks the southern border on a 1075 km length and flows into the Black Sea.
Major rivers
River name Danube Mure Prut Olt Siret Length of the river ( km ) 1075 761 742 615 559 Basin area ( km2) 332501) 27890 10990 24050 42890
1) Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.
Lakes are represented by natural lakes, spread across all major relief units, from glacial ones in the mountainous area (Mioarele Lake - Fgra at 2282 m), to river-maritime banks (Techirghiol Lake at 1.5 m) and anthropic lakes. Anthropic lake name County Area ( ha ) Porile de Fier Ostrovu Mare Mehedini Mehedini 70000.02) 7920.0 Volume1) (mil. m3) 2400.0 800.0
1) At normal level of afflux. 2) Nera-Danube and dam confluence (according to the data of the two hydro-power stations).
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Major natural lakes
Natural lake name County Area ( ha ) 10.5 22.0 20.0 12.6 322.0 2509.0 2335.0 41500.0 2111.0 2170.0 Volume1) (mil. m3) 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.6 60.0 57.0 909.0 30.0 21.7
Glacial circus lakes: Bucura Volcanic crater lakes: Sfnta Ana Karstic depression lakes: Zton Natural barrage lakes: Lacul Rou Clasto-karstic lakes: Ianca River banks: Oltina River-maritime banks: Taaul Maritime lagoons: Razim River meadow lakes: Brate Danube Delta lakes: Dranov
1) At normal level of afflux.
Hunedoara Harghita Mehedini Harghita Brila Constana Constana Tulcea Galai Tulcea
Romania's useful mineral resources are diverse: crude oil, natural gas, coal, mainly coked pitcoal, brown coal and lignite, ferrous and non-ferrous ores, gold and silver deposits, bauxite, large reserves of salt, as well as numerous non-metalliferous resources. A special category of subsoil resources are the over 2000 mineral water springs, with consumption and medical treatment valences.
Protected areas, in 2010

Categories of protected areas Scientific reservations National parks Natural monuments Natural reservations Natural parks Biosphere reservations Humid areas of international importance Avifauna special protection areas Sites of Community importance Number 79 13 230 661 14 3 5 108 273 Area (ha) 3105361) 3162711) 844481) 2730561) 7638941) 664446 616571 2988713 3284092
Note: Areas of protected zones were calculated according to the Law no.5/2000 regarding the national territory arrangement plan Section III - protected areas and G.D. no.2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007 regarding regime of natural protected area for new zones; 1284/2007 regarding declaration of special protection avifauna areas as integral part of European ecological relation NATURE 2000 in Romania and 1066/2010 regarding regime of natural protected area over some zones from the reservation of Danube Delta biosphere. 1) Areas reassessed by measurements made with GIS technologies. Source: National Agency for Environment Protection.
Biosphere reservations, in 2010

Name of reservation Total Danube Delta Retezat Rodna County Tulcea, Constana Hunedoara Maramure, Bistria-Nsud, Suceava Area 1) (ha) 664446 580000 38047 46399
1) According to the Law no. 5/2000 on the national territory arrangement plan - Section III (Protected areas). Source: National Agency for Environmental Protection.
Air temperature, in 2010
Meteorological station Satu Mare Suceava Oradea Iai Cluj-Napoca Trgu Mure Bacu Timioara Deva Sibiu Vrfu Omu Galai Trgu Jiu Buzu Calafat Turnu Mgurele Bucharest-Filaret Constana Yearly average 10.3 8.4 11.0 10.4 9.3 9.9 9.8 11.6 10.5 9.8 -1.8 11.8 10.9 11.6 11.9 11.9 12.0 13.1 Yearly absolute maximum Value 36.0 33.6 36.0 38.1 33.8 35.9 35.8 35.9 35.1 34.0 18.5 37.6 35.5 37.3 39.0 38.0 38.1 34.7 Recording date 14.VIII 13.VIII 15.VIII 13.VIII 13.VI 14.VIII 13.VIII 15.VIII 12.VI 12.VI 27.VIII 13.VIII 14;15.VIII 13.VIII 28.VIII 15.VIII 13.VIII 11.VIII
degrees Celsius
Yearly absolute minimum Value -15.6 -24.7 -14.8 -26.9 -18.1 -21.9 -25.9 -12.9 -16.6 -24.2 -24.2 -21.5 -18.0 -25.7 -21.0 -21.8 -18.9 -17.8 Recording date 28.I 26.I 25.I 26.I 25.I 25.I 25.I 28.I 25.I 25.I 25.I 25.I 25.I 26.I 25.I 27.I 26.I 25.I
Source: National Administration of Meteorology.
Precipitations, in 2010
Meteorological station Satu Mare Suceava Oradea Iai Cluj-Napoca Trgu Mure Bacu Timioara Deva Sibiu Vrfu Omu Galai Trgu Jiu Buzu Calafat Turnu Mgurele Bucharest-Filaret Constana Yearly quantity (mm) 995.6 869.8 876.2 581.2 811.8 735.5 825.6 790.3 759.1 718.5 1367.1 682.4 981.4 513.8 590.1 644.7 659.6 583.8
Source: National Administration of Meteorology.
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION 21431298 inhabitants, on July 1, 2010; Density: 89.9 inhabitants / km2, on July 1, 2010. CAPITAL: Bucharest Municipality (1942254 inhabitants on July 1, 2010), divided into six administrative sectors. Mentioned for the first time in documents on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad epe. It becomes the capital of the Romanian Country (ara Romneasc) in the second half of the 17th century and the capital of Romania in 1862, being the most important political, economic, cultural and scientific centre of the country. MAIN CITIES: Bucharest, Timioara, Iai, Cluj-Napoca, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila. The town situated at the highest average altitude is Predeal (Braov county) = 1060 m. The town situated at the lowest average altitude is Sulina (Tulcea county) = 4 m. MAIN HARBOURS: at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia; at the Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina. MAIN AIRPORTS: Bucharest (Henri Coand-Otopeni and Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu Mure, Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea. OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Romanian. ROMANIAS NATIONAL DAY: December 1. ROMANIAS FLAG: Is three coloured, the colours being placed vertically in the following order from the lance: blue, yellow, red. GOVERNMENT FORM IN ROMANIA: Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in 1991 and modified in 2003; Legislative power: a two-chamber Parliament (the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate); Executive power: a Government led by a Prime Minister appointed by the country's President; The President of the country is elected based on general election results by universal vote for a 5-year mandate. NATIONAL CURRENCY: leu, with ban as subdivision. The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency market on a daily basis; the reference currency is the euro. In 2010, the average exchange rate leu / euro was 4.2099.
POPULATION
Population by sex, age group and area, on July 1
million inhabitants
2007 Total By sex Male Female By age group 0-14 years 15-59 years 60 years and over By area Urban Rural 21.5 10.5 11.0 3.3 14.0 4.2 11.9 9.6
2008 21.5 10.5 11.0 3.3 14.0 4.2 11.8 9.7
2009 21.5 10.5 11.0 3.2 14.0 4.3 11.8 9.7
2010 21.4 10.4 11.0 3.2 13.8 4.4 11.8 9.6
On July 1, 2010, Romanias population amounted to 21431298 inhabitants, of which 10.4 million men (48.7%) and 11.0 million women (51.3%). The negative values of natural increase, associated with those of the balance of external migration, led to a reduction of the countrys population, during 2007-2010, of about 106.3 thousand persons. The populations structure by age has the specific mark of the demographic ageing process, mainly due to the decrease in the birth rate, which entailed the absolute and relative reduction of the young population (0-14 years) and the increase in the share of the elderly population (60 years and over). As compared to July 1, 2007, a decrease in the young populations share (0-14 years) was observed in 2010, from 15.3% to 15.1%, as well as an increase in the elderly populations share (60 years and over), from 19.4% to 20.3%. The adult population (15-59 years) accounts for 64.6% of the total, decreasing by 227.5 thousand persons as against mid-2007. Within the adult population, the share of the age groups 40-44 years, 30-34 years and 20-24 years increased, while the one of those aged 15-19 years, 35-39 years and 45-49 years decreased.
Average age
years
2007 Average age of the population 39.0
2008 39.2
2009 39.5
2010 39.7
The populations average age increased from 39.0 years (in 2007) to 39.7 years (in 2010), an average age characterising countries with an adult population. The female population, with an average age of 41.1 years, was, on July 1, 2010, 2.9 years older than the male population.
10
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION
Population by age and sex, on July 1, 2010
Age (years) 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Male
Female
150 200 250 Thousands persons
100
50
50
100
250 200 150 Thousands persons
The pyramid of ages most reliably reflects the generations chronicle, pointing out the disparities in the populations structure by age and by sex. The reduction of the young population narrowed once more the basis of the age pyramid. The demographic and economic effects of this evolution are to be felt over time and will entail changes at the level of various sub-populations (school age population, fertile age population, working age population).
Population Census, March 18, 2002

Population by ethnic group Ethnic group Number of persons % Religion Stable population Orthodox Roman-Catholic Protestant Pentecostal Greek Catholic Other Population by religion Number of persons %
Stable population 21680974 Romanians 19399597 Hungarians 1431807 Romany (gypsies) 535140 Ukrainians 61098 Germans 59764 Other 193568
100.0 89.5 6.6 2.5 0.3 0.3 0.8
21680974 18817975 1026429 701077 324462 191556 619475
100.0 86.8 4.7 3.2 1.5 0.9 2.9
11
POPULATION
Evolution of natality, mortality and natural increase
2007 2008 2009 2010
Vital statistics (thou) Live-births Deaths - Infant deaths Natural increase Marriages Divorces 214.7 252.0 2.6 -37.3 189.2 36.3 221.9 253.2 2.4 -31.3 149.4 35.7 222.4 257.2 2.3 -34.8 134.3 32.3 212.2 259.7 2.1 -47.5 115.8 32.6
Rates (per 1000 inhabitans) Live-births Deaths - Infant deaths 1) Natural increase Marriages Divorces
1) Per 1000 live-births.
10.0 11.7 12.0 -1.7 8.8 1.7
10.3 11.8 11.0 -1.5 6.9 1.7
10.4 12.0 10.1 -1.6 6.3 1.5
9.9 12.1 9.8 -2.2 5.4 1.5
Birth rate, mortality rate and natural increase

Rates (per 1000 inhabitants)
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Birth rate Mortality rate Positive natural increase Negative natural increase
The birth rate, the first component of vital statistics, recorded a fall, interrupting the previous year trend. Considering that, in the short and the medium term mortality cannot be expected to bring a significant contribution to the reduction of the demographic decrease in Romania, the birth rate remains the only issue that can be addressed efficiently. A revigorated natality may have positive effects in the long run. In 2010, the number of live-births (212.2 thousand) decrease by 2.5 thousand as compared to 2007, and the birth rate reached 9.9 live-births per 1000 inhabitants.
12
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION
Mortality, the second component of vital statistics, is still relatively high in Romania. The steady and significant growth in the level of this component should be taken into account with a view to the recovery of demographic dynamics in Romania. In 2010, 259.7 thousand deaths were recorded, 7.7 thousand persons more than in 2007, the overall mortality rate reaching 12.1 deaths per 1000 inhabitants (11.7 in 2007). 2.1 thousand deaths under 1 year of age were recorded in 2010, the infant mortality rate being 9.8 (lower than the value recorded in 2007). The decrease in infant mortality was mainly due to the reduction of neonatal infant mortality, both in urban and in rural areas. Nevertheless, the infant mortality rate in Romania is still one of the highest in Europe.
Classification of counties and localities by number of inhabitants, on July 1st

2007 Counties - total Under 300000 300000 - 499999 500000 - 699999 700000 and over Municipalities and towns - total Under 5000 5000 - 19999 20000 - 49999 50000 - 99999 100000 - 199999 200000 - 999999 1000000 and over Communes - total Under 1000 1000 - 1999 2000 - 4999 5000 - 9999 10000 and over 42 7 18 10 7 2008 42 6 19 10 7 2009 42 6 19 10 7 2010 42 6 19 10 7
320 19 199 56 22 13 10 1 2855 73 573 1758 429 22
320 21 198 57 20 13 10 1 2860 75 587 1743 432 23
320 21 199 56 20 13 10 1 2860 80 594 1730 430 26
320 21 198 57 20 13 10 1 2861 82 598 1724 429 28
In 2010, 11.8 million persons were living in the urban area, accounting for more than half of the countrys population. On July 1, 2010, of the 320 municipalities and towns, 86.3% had a population under 50 thousand inhabitants, accounting for 18.4% of the countrys population and 33.3% of the urban population. Big towns hold 29.9% of the countrys population and 54.3% of the urban population. On July 1, 2010, 9.6 million persons were living in the rural area, accounting for 44.9% of the countrys population. The communes with 1000 up to 5000 inhabitants represented 81.2% of the total number of communes. In 2010, 459.0 thousand persons changed their domicile, and the internal migration rate amounted to 21.4 domicile changes per 1000 inhabitants. As in the previous year, the migration flows from the urban area (to rural and urban areas) held the highest weights in the structure of migration.
13
POPULATION
First ten towns in the country by number of inhabitants, on July 1, 2010
Current number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
1) Municipality (county residence).
Town 1) Bucharest Timioara lai Cluj-Napoca Constana Craiova Galai Braov Ploieti Brila
Number of inhabitants 1942254 311428 309631 305636 301221 298740 290593 276914 227194 210245
Average life expectancy, by sex (years)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 20
Male
68.2 68.7 69.2 69.5 69.7 69.8 40 60

Female
75.5 75.8 76.1 76.7 77.1 77.3 80
Average life expectancy continued its upward trend, the current values (69.8 years for men and 77.3 years for women) being higher than in 2007, both per total and by sex. For the female population as well as for the male one, average life expectancy increased by 1.2 and 0.6 years, respectively. Womens average life expectancy exceeds that of men by 7.5 years.
14
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION
Evolution of marriages and divorces
thou
210 180 150 141.8 120 90 60 30 0 33.2 32.7 146.6
189.2 149.4
134.3 115.8
36.3
35.7
32.3
32.6
2005
2006
Marriages
2007
2008
Divorces
2009
2010
In 2010, against 2007, the number of marriages decreased, reaching 115.8 thousands (5.4 ). In 2010 there were registered 32.6 thousand divorces, with 3.7 thousands less than in 2007. Divorciality rate was 1.5 divorces per 1000 inhabitants, its level being kept relatively low compared to other European countries.
Internal migration
2007 2008 2009 2010
Structure of urban and rural internal migration flows determined by a permanent change in residence (absolute data) Total 374156 389254 330672 458995 From rural to urban 80235 78671 70246 96201 From urban to urban 95431 107277 96607 140301 From rural to rural 80253 78478 67306 89441 From urban to rural 118237 124828 96513 133052 Total From rural to urban From urban to urban From rural to rural From urban to rural Rates (per 1000 inhabitants) 17.4 18.1 6.8 6.7 8.1 9.1 8.3 8.1 12.2 12.9 15.4 6.0 8.2 8.3 10.0 21.4 8.2 11.9 9.3 13.8
15
POPULATION
Romanian citizens who established their residence abroad
number of persons
2007 Total By sex Male Female By age group Under 18 years 18-40 years 41-60 years 61 years and over By nationality Romanians Hungarians Germans Jews Other nationalities By country of destination Australia Austria Canada France Germany Greece Israel Italy Spain United States of America Sweden Hungary Other countries 8830 3088 5742 1003 6041 1442 344 8589 167 12 21 41 83 313 1787 372 1902 72 57 1401 138 1535 2 266 902
2008 8739 3069 5670 1214 5829 1419 277 8485 194 18 27 15 82 345 1738 431 1788 85 50 1098 238 1591 7 354 932
2009 10211 3768 6443 1316 6621 1915 359 10052 103 15 27 14 128 421 2045 576 1938 124 111 984 547 1793 15 331 1198
2010 7906 2917 4989 1062 5029 1562 253 7834 42 8 8 14 81 569 858 405 1399 133 62 844 882 1086 17 14 1556
16
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET
In the context of economic transition, the Romanian labour market experienced significant changes in terms of the volume and structure of the main labour force indicators. This process was characterised by the reduction of the economically active population and of employment, with a relatively steady level of the unemployment rate. But the financial crisis, starting debut, especially in the second half of 2008, had an effect on the structure of the labour force, while reducing employment, bringing an increase of the phenomenon of unemployment. If in the second half of the 90s, the economically active population was kept at a high level, i.e. over 11 million persons, the new millennium began with a significant decrease in the indicator. Since 2002 economically active population fluctuated at around 10 million. In 2010, the economically active population amounted to 9965 thousand persons, of which 95.8% belonged to the working age group (15-64 years).
Economically active population, employment and ILO1) unemployed

thou persons
2007 Economically active population - total - Female - Urban Employment - total - Female - Urban ILO1)unemployed - total - Female - Urban 9994 4479 5494 9353 4237 5072 641 242 422
2008 9944 4418 5471 9369 4212 5101 575 206 370
2009 9924 4400 5475 9243 4143 5032 681 257 443
2010 2) 9965 4416 5538 9240 4128 5032 725 288 506
1) According to the International Labour Office (ILO) methodology. 2) Provisional data.
Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS).
After a continuous rise recorded during the period 2005-2008, in 2009 employment began to decrease, in 2010 reached its lowest value in the last 5 years (9240 thousand persons). Of the employed persons, 55.3% are men. Until 2002, most of the employed population lived in the rural area. Beginning with 2003, the largest share of employment (54.5% in 2010) resides in the urban area. Within the employed population, employees prevail (65.6% in 2010). The number of unemployed, defined according to ILO criteria, reached 725 thousand persons in 2010, an increase as compared to 2009 (6.5%) and 2008 (26.0%). In 2010, of the total number of unemployed, 28.1% were young people (15-24 years).
17
LABOUR MARKET
Employment structure, by employment status, in 2010 1)
12.7% Employee Employer Self-employed2) 1.3% 65.6% Contributing family worker
20.4%
1) Provisional data. 2) Including the members of agricultural holdings or of non-agricultural co-operatives.
Employment, by main activity of national economy

thou persons
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 sections) Total Agriculture, forestry and fishing Industry Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities Construction Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transport and storage Hotels and restaurants Information and communication Financial intermediation and insurance Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Activities of administrative services and of support services Public administration and defence; social insurance of public sector Education Health and social assistance Shows, culture and recreation activities Other service activities
1) Provisional data.
2008 9369 2689 2212 107 1905 126 74 749 1166 454 154 119 110 15 140 145 466 399 381 48 122
2009 9243 2689 2048 100 1751 129 68 726 1157 455 165 123 122 16 148 150 490 386 395 45 128
20101) 9240 2780 1945 96 1647 126 76 705 1134 444 180 126 132 19 159 154 471 385 403 50 153
In 2010, as compared to 2009, the breakdown of employment by activity of national economy shows a reduction of the number of people employed in industry and construction (-4.5%) and a slight increase in those employed in services (0.8%).
18
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET
Structure of employment in the private sector, by main activity of national economy
CANE Rev.2 Services 29.4 9.4 25.8 30.5 9.3 24.4 31.2 9.0 23.0 Construction Industry 2) Agriculture, forestry and fishing
% 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 8,5
8,5
35.4 8,52008 9,4
35.8 2009
36.8 2010 1)
Note: The private sector includes "private", "co-operative" and "community" ownership types.
1) Provisional data. 2) Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply, sewerage,
waste management and decontamination activities. Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS).
The share of employment in the private sector remains during the last three years of the period analyzed (2008 - 2010) around 80%. In 2010, of the total population employed in the private sector, 63.2% worked in industry, construction and services, as compared to 64.2% in 2009. The direct effect of economic crisis started in the second half of 2008, the average number of employees in 20091) was 4774 thousand persons, by 272 thousand persons less against previous year (if it was not achieved data re-estimation during 2009, fall of average number of employees would be about 320 thou persons against 2008). The most accentuated falls were registered in manufacturing, construction and trade. The breakdown of employees by economic sector in 2009 shows that 60.5% worked in services (tertiary sector), an increase of 3.5 percentage points as compared to 2008 and 5.1 percentage points as compared to 2007. 37.2% of the total employees worked in the secondary sector (industry + construction), 3.7 percentage points less than in 2008 and 4.9 percentage points less than in 2007. The share of the number of employees involved in agriculture (primary sector) was only 2.3%, a increase of 0.2 percentage points as compared to the previous year and a decrease of 0.2 percentage points as compared to 2007.
1) During 2009, the number of employees was re-estimated based on the reconciliation of information from administrative
data sources with estimations obtained following exhaustive survey of budgetary sector (public administration including total local councils belonging to local public administration, education, health and social assistance) for reference month October 2009. Consequently, annual estimations of budgetary sector for 2009 are not totally comparable with those of previous years, coverage for 2009 being wider (over 50 thou employees) .
19
LABOUR MARKET
Average number of employees, by main activity of national economy
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 sections) Total Agriculture, forestry and fishing Industry Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities Construction Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transport and storage Hotels and restaurants Information and communication Financial intermediation and insurance Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Activities of administrative services and of support services Public administration and defence; social insurance of public sector 2) Education Health and social assistance Shows, culture and recreation activities Other service activities 20071) 4885 123 1649 84 1381 89 95 407 795 284 107 109 97 28 118 167 197 394 336 35 39 2008 5046 105 1606 81 1342 84 99 458 849 285 118 121 108 31 133 195 213 394 350 40 40 2009 4774 110 1371 75 1118 78 100 404 816 282 118 114 107 29 134 192 225 394 378 56 44
Note: For 2010, data will be available at the end of September 2011. 1) Data estimated according to CANE Rev.2. 2) Excluding armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Intelligence Service, etc.). Source: Labour Cost Survey.
20
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET
As in any market economy, the highest share of employees is involved in the private sector. In 2009, the share of employees in the overall private sector was 64.6%, a slight decrease of 1.6 percentage points as compared to 2008.
Average number of employees in the overall private sector, by main activity of national economy
CANE Rev.2 thou persons 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 74 2008 412 74 2009 362 1276 1077 1577 1572
Agriculture, forestry and fishing Industry1) Construction Services
Note: For 2010, data will be available in September 2011. 1) Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply, sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities. Source: Labour Cost Survey.
21
LABOUR MARKET
Registered unemployed1), by educational level
thou persons
2007 Total unemployed of which: women Primary, secondary, vocational of which: women High school and post high school of which: women University of which: women
1) At the end of the year. 2) Source: National Agency for Employment.. 2)
2008 403 187 312 132 71 42 20 13
2009 709 302 503 190 156 83 50 29
2010 627 264 442 164 135 71 50 29
368 167 290 121 62 36 16 10
The number of employees registered at National Agency for Employment decreased till July 2007 (343 thousand persons) then registered an oscillating evolution till the end of the year. After a growth of 4.4% in January 2008 as against December 2007, the number of registered unemployed continued to fall in the next period, reaching a minimum point (337 thousand persons) in June 2008, when unemployment rate registered 3.7%. Since July of 2008 crisis year, the number of registered unemployed increased to a maximum point (765 thousand persons) in March 2010; in the following months, the indicator registered a continuous fall, so that at the end of the year, in evidences of employment agencies there were registered 627 thousand unemployed, by 11.6% less against the end of 2009.
Number of registered unemployed and unemployment rate

thou persons
1000 800 600 400 200 0
5.9 5.2 7.8 6.9 5.2 4.6 4.0 3.9 368 4.4 4.4 7.1 6.2
%
10 8 6 4
Number of registered unemployed - total Number of registered unemployed - women Unemployment rate - total1) Unemployment rate - women1)
523 219 2005
460 191 2006
403 167 187 2008
709 302 2009
627 264
2 0
2007
2010
1) For 2010, provisional data.
Men accounted for the majority among registered unemployed (57.9% at end of 2010, respectively 54.6% at end of 2007). After registering a growth since 2008, the number of unemployed women started to fall, at end of 2010 being 38 thousand persons less against previous year.
22
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET
ILO 1) unemployment rate, by age group, sex and area (%)
2007 Total Under 25 years 25 years and over Male Under 25 years 25 years and over Female Under 25 years 25 years and over Urban Under 25 years 25 years and over Rural Under 25 years 25 years and over 6.4 20.1 4.9 7.2 21.1 5.6 5.4 18.7 4.1 7.7 24.7 6.2 4.9 16.3 3.4 2008 5.8 18.6 4.4 6.7 18.8 5.3 4.7 18.3 3.4 6.8 23.2 5.3 4.6 14.7 3.3 2009 6.9 20.8 5.4 7.7 21.2 6.1 5.8 20.1 4.5 8.1 27.1 6.5 5.4 15.5 4.0 20102) 7.3 22.1 5.8 7.9 22.3 6.3 6.5 21.8 5.1 9.1 30.5 7.4 5.0 15.3 3.6
ILO unemployment rate (ratio of ILO unemployed in economically active population) registered at national level 7.3% in 2010 more than previous years (by 0.9 percentage points against 2007 and 1.5 percentage points against 2008, when there were registered, in fact, the lowest unemployment rates in the last four year analyzed) and by 0.4 percentage points against 2009. An unemployment rate of 6.5% was recorded for women, a lower rate than that recorded for men, which was 7.9%, both increasing as compared to previous years. The unemployment rate in the urban area is significantly higher than that recorded in the rural area (in 2010: 9.1% as compared to 5.0%). Young persons aged 15-24 yeas are the most affected by unemployment. Thus, in 2010, the unemployment rate was 22.1% among the youth (15-24 years), with sharp discrepancies between areas (30.5% in the urban area as against 15.3% in the rural area). This indicator amounted to 5.8% for the unemployed persons aged 25 years and over.
Long-term ILO 1) unemployment rate, by sex and area (%)

2007 Total (12 months and over) male female urban rural Young people (6 months and over) male female urban rural 3.2 3.6 2.7 3.9 2.4 13.3 13.5 13.0 15.9 11.1 2008 2.4 2.9 1.8 2.9 1.7 10.5 10.5 10.5 12.7 8.6 2009 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.6 1.5 10.3 10.9 9.3 13.5 7.6 20102) 2.5 2.9 2.1 3.2 1.7 13.0 13.8 11.8 17.8 9.1
Long term unemployment rate (weight of ILO unemployed for 12 months and over and economically active population) was 2.5% in 2010 sensitively lower than 2007 (3.2%) but higher against the last two years (2.4%, respectively 2.1% in 2008 and 2009). By sex, this indicator registered in 2010 2.9% for men and 2.1% for women and by area 3.2% for urban area against 1.7% for rural area.
23
LABOUR MARKET
Long-term unemployment (%) - as percentage of total ILO1) unemployed 2007 Total (12 months and over) male female urban rural Young people (6 months and over) male female urban rural 50.0 49.9 50.1 50.3 49.4 66.1 64.2 69.5 64.3 68.5 2008 41.3 42.9 38.4 43.4 37.5 56.3 55.6 57.4 54.6 58.6 2009 30.9 31.6 29.8 32.2 28.7 49.5 51.6 46.3 49.8 49.0 20102) 34.9 36.9 32.0 35.2 34.2 58.8 62.0 54.1 58.4 59.6
In terms of incidence (weight of long term unemployed in total unemployed) long term unemployment which has a downward trend in the last years (from 50.0% in 2007 to 30.9% in 2009) registered an accentuation, reaching 39.4% in 2010, with slight disparities both by gender and by residence area.
Activity rate and employment rate, by sex and area (%)

2007 Activity rate Total Male Female Urban Rural Employment rate Total Male Female Urban Rural 63.0 70.1 56.0 61.6 65.1 58.8 64.8 52.8 56.8 61.5 2008 62.9 70.6 55.2 61.7 64.5 59.0 65.7 52.5 57.5 61.2 2009 63.1 70.9 55.4 62.1 64.6 58.6 65.2 52.0 57.1 60.7 20101) 63.6 71.5 55.8 63.1 64.4 58.8 65.7 52.0 57.3 60.9
Note: Data calculated as percentage of the working age population (15-64 years). 1) Provisional data. Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS).
The activity rate of the working age population (15-64 years) was 63.6% in 2010 and had higher values for the male population (71.5% as against 55.8% for the female population) and for the rural population (64.4% as against 63.1% in the urban area). The employment rate of population 20-64 was 63.3% in 2010 (decreasing against previous year 63.5%), 6.7 percentage points less than the 70% target set for 2020 through The Draft Europe 2020. Rate of vacancies is one of indicators for demand of labour force on the labour market. As a continuation of world economic crisis effect, annual average rate of vacancies registered in 2010 the highest value since 2005 and till now (0.59% less by 0.29 percentage points against previous year, respectively 1.47 percentage points against 2007, year when rate of vacancies registered the highest value).
24
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET
Rate of vacancies, by activity of national economy (%)
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 sections) Total Agriculture, forestry and fishing Industry - total Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities Construction Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transport and storage Hotels and restaurants Information and communication Financial intermediation and insurance Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Activities of administrative services and of support services Public administration and defence; social insurance of public sector 1) Education Health and social assistance Shows, culture and recreation activities Other service activities
Romanian Intelligence Service etc.). Source: Job vacancy survey.
2008 1.94 1.78 1.57 0.28 1.78 0.41 0.97 1.45 0.60 0.64 0.71 0.59 2.52 0.60 2.02 1.33 5.97 1.43 6.28 2.25 0.99
2009 0.88 1.42 0.64 0.06 0.72 0.27 0.44 0.60 0.22 0.43 0.40 0.54 0.97 0.20 0.95 0.73 2.14 0.56 3.42 0.94 0.54
2010 0.59 0.85 0.67 0.05 0.77 0.14 0.54 0.53 0.24 0.47 0.12 0.76 0.84 0.16 0.62 0.59 1.17 0.17 1.10 0.88 0.29
1) Excluding armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior,
Rate of vacancies, by major occupational groups (%)

2007 Total 1) Members of legislative bodies, senior clerks and leaders Specialists with intellectual and scientific occupations Technicians, foremen and assimilated Civil servants Operative workers in services, trade and assimilated Farmers and skilled workers in agriculture, forestry and fishery Artisans and handicraftmen in machinery and installations maintenance and adjustment Operators for installations, machinery and equipment assemblers Unskilled workers
Romanian Intelligence Service etc.). Source: Job vacancy survey.
2008 1.94 1.17 3.17 2.13 1.68 1.57 1.72 1.64 1.64 1.94
2009 0.88 0.56 1.40 1.04 0.69 0.89 1.00 0.62 0.72 0.77
2010 0.59 0.33 0.75 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.39 0.41 0.88 0.64
2.06 1.28 3.21 2.08 1.82 1.64 1.71 1.81 2.02 2.05
1) Excluding armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior,
25
POPULATION INCOME
Total income of households
2007 2008 - lei , monthly per household Total income Money income Equivalent value of income in kind obtained by employees and receivers of social provisions Equivalent value of consumption of agricultural products from own resources
2009 20101)
1686.7 81.1
2131.7 - procente 83.1
2316.0 83.7
2304.3 83.9
3.1 15.8
3.1 13.8
2.6 13.7
1.9 14.2
During 2007-2010, the structure of the total income of households shows a high share of money income, which increased from 81.1% in 2007 to 83.9% in 2010. During the same period, the income in kind had a downward trend, reaching 16.1% in 2010, mainly due to the equivalent value of consumption of agro-food products from own resources (a decrease of 1.6 percentage points as compared to 2007).
Structure of money income, in 20101) - total households Gross salaries and other salary rights Income from agriculture Income from non-agricultural independent activities Income from social provisions 3.3% 3.3%
4.0% 30.6%
Other income 58.8%
In 2010, salaries and other similar income represented the most important income category, with the highest weight in households money income (58.8%), decreasing, however, by 2.1 percentage points as compared to 2009. A major share in households money income is that of social benefits (30.6%, an increase of 1.7 percentage points as compared to 2009). On the contrary, the agricultural income, the income from independent activities and the property income have a low share in households money income.
26
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
EARNINGS
Generally, under equal working conditions, salaries are the same for men and women. The disparities between the salaries received by women and those received by men in various economic activities are caused by the level of skills and the hierarchical position. The ratio of men to women in terms of salaries recorded fluctuations mainly determined by the efficiency of economic activities in various branches and by the share of women in leadership positions or with higher education. The gap between the gross average salary of women and the gross average salary of men narrowed from 24% in 1996 to 17.6% in 2003 and 8.4% in 2009. In 2010, the gap between gross average earning for women and for men registered a growth against previous year of 4.2 percentage points, reaching 12.6%.
Monthly average net nominal earnings, by activity of national economy

lei / emplooyee
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 sections) Total Agriculture, forestry and fishing Industry Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities Construction Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transport and storage Hotels and restaurants Information and communication Financial intermediation and insurance Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Activities of administrative services and of support services Public administration and defence; social insurance of public sector 3) Education Health and social assistance Shows, culture and recreation activities Other activities of national economy
20071) 1042 743 971 1804 871 1786 925 881 822 1141 651 1837 2614 1185 1412 656 1999 1175 938 922 603
2008 1309 914 1189 2287 1050 2389 1154 1162 1042 1454 773 2119 3205 1270 1749 835 2411 1538 1266 1195 780
2009 1361 1007 1300 2360 1146 2573 1241 1069 1047 1518 799 2468 3109 1193 1870 873 2159 1596 1342 1249 818
20102) 1407 1047 1404 2455 1251 2597 1258 1156 1168 1534 800 2817 3344 1323 2084 923 1853 1364 1205 1111 848
1) Data estimated according to CANE Rev.2. 2) Provisional data, excluding the earnings of employees in the units having under 4 employees. 3) Excluding armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Romanian Intelligence Service,
Ministry of Administration and Interior etc.). Source: Labour Cost Survey.
The real gross earnings experienced severe falls during the first transition years (1991-1999) as well as in 1997 and 1999, the minimum values of 56.2% and 57.0%, respectively, of the level of 1990. Starting with 2003, we see a change for the better in the real value of gross earnings, with a 2008 level exceeding the 1991 level by 48.8 percentage points (130.3%). In 2009, real earnings index compared to 1990 was 128.3%, by 2.0 percentage points less than in 2008. The decreasing trend also continued in 2010, being 125.0% (provisional data, there were excluded from the coverage, the economic units with under 4 employees).
27
EARNINGS
Indices of real earnings
% 1990 = 100
140 130.3 125.0 130 128.3 111.8 120 110 100 89.5 90 81.5 97.4 80 70.8 66.5 58.9 70 78.3 56.2 57.0 62.4 60 70.8 72.7 63.9 50 59.1 58.4 59.4 0
Note: For 2010, provisional data.
Monthly average gross and net nominal earnings, by sex

lei / employee
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1037 891 796 1222 1062 922 689 1468 1312 1095 981 803
1814 1700
1906 1775 1405 1310
1348 1264
GROSS NET GROSS NET GROSS NET GROSS NET GROSS NET 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
male female
Note: For 2010, data will be available in September 2011.
Average gross salary of women in comparison with that of men in October

percentage
2007 Total economy 88.9
2008 92.2
2009 91.6
2009 2010
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005 2006
2007 2008
2010 87.4
28
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION EXPENDITURE
Total household consumption expenditure
2007 2008 2009 20101)
- lei , monthly per household Total consumption expediture Agro-food products and non-alcoholic drinks Beverages, tobacco Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels Furniture, dwelling endowment and maintenance Health Transport Communications Leisure and culture Education Hotels, cafees and restaurants Miscellaneous products and servicies
1104.70
1365.36 1468.60 - percentage 40.9 6.5 6.7 15.6 4.8 4.1 6.1 5.0 4.5 0.8 1.4 3.6 40.9 7.1 6.0 15.8 4.6 4.5 5.8 5.1 4.4 0.9 1.3 3.6
1486.43
41.7 6.5 6.8 15.5 4.6 3.9 5.9 5.1 4.6 0.8 1.2 3.4
41.0 7.7 5.4 16.6 4.0 4.5 6.0 5.0 4.0 0.7 1.3 3.8
During the period 2007-2010, agro-food products and non-alcoholic drinks had the highest share in total consumption expenditure (41.0%), decreasing, however, by 0.7 percentage points as compared to 2007. The downward trend can also be seen in the expenditure for the endowment and maintenance of dwellings (from 61.8% in 2007 to 61.6% in 2010). In 2010, for overall households, the expenditure for food consumption had a share of 35.5% in total consumption expenditure. On average, per total households, the weight of the expenditure for non-food goods was 35.4%, while the expenditure for services had a weight of 29.1%.
Structure of money expenditure for consumption, in 20101)

- total households -
29.1%
35.5% Food products Non-food products Payment of services
35.4%
29
POPULATION CONSUMPTION
Monthly average consumption1) for the main food products and beverages
M.U. Fresh meat Meat products Fats Milk Eggs Sugar Potatoes Vegetables and canned vegetables (equivalent fresh vegetables) Fruit Mineral water and other non-alcoholic drinks Beer Wine Plum brandy and natural brandies kg kg kg litres pcs. kg kg kg kg litres litres litres litres 2007 2.905 1.050 1.247 6.067 13 0.775 3.639 7.036 3.082 4.259 1.081 0.905 0.213 2008 3.070 1.111 1.238 6.151 13 0.759 3.614 7.305 3.312 4.833 1.201 0.933 0.224 2009 3.115 1.106 1.228 6.168 13 0.758 3.586 7.627 3.552 4.821 1.165 0.969 0.230 20102) 3.103 1.068 1.219 6.186 13 0.754 3.488 7.382 3.557 4.859 1.112 0.942 0.218
1) Monthly average quantities per person (in individual households). 2) Provisional data.
In Romania, the consumption of meat and meat products is placed at a relatively low level as compared to developed countries standards. The monthly average consumption of fresh meat per capita amounted to 3.1 kg in 2010. Together with meat products, it amounts to 4.2 kg monthly, which means a yearly average consumption of 50 kg per capita. In 2010, the consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks had a monthly average per capita of 4.9 litres for mineral water and other non-alcoholic drinks, 1.1 litres for beer, 0.9 litres for wine, 0.2 litres for plum brandy and natural brandies. As compared to 2007, these levels were higher: for mineral water and other non-alcoholic drinks by 14.1%, for beer by 2.9%, for wine and for plum brandy and natural brandies by 4.1% and 2.3%, respectively.
Households endowment with durable goods

pieces / 100 households
2007 Audio sets Tv sets - total Refrigerators and freezers Refrigerating box Gas cooking stoves Electric washing machines Vacuum cleaners Sewing machines Bicycles Motorcycles and motor bicycles Cars
2008 86.1 132.0 83.1 36.8 94.1 70.8 58.7 20.3 24.7 0.9 27.1
2009 85.2 134.2 82.7 38.6 95.0 73.9 61.7 21.1 26.5 1.0 28.6
20101) 82.7 138.4 80.0 41.1 95.3 75.3 63.8 20.6 27.5 1.1 28.6
86.1 124.1 86.0 30.8 93.1 67.1 55.1 20.3 23.3 0.7 23.1
During the period 2007-2010, households endowment with durable goods increased for most products. From 2007 to 2010, households endowment with refrigerators and freezers decreased by 7.0% due to an increase in households endowment with refrigerating box (an increase of 33.4%). Also, households endowment with TV sets rose by 11.5%, and the endowment with vacuum cleaners and electric washing machines was up 15.8% and 12.2%, respectively. Households endowment with durable goods is influenced both by the financial resources of households and by the goods accumulated in the previous years, as well as by the range of goods on the market, goods that are increasingly high tech.
30
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
DWELLINGS
Evolution of the dweling stock
2007 Dwelling stock (thou) private majority ownership (thou) Rooms (thou) private majority ownership (thou) Living floor (thou m 2) private majority ownership (thou m2) Finished dwellings - total - from private funds
2008 8329 8138 21638 21294 322205 316685 67255 61171
2009 8385 8192 21841 21494 326413 320786 62520 56764
20101) 8428 8233 22011 21661 329997 324306 48526 45642
8270 8079 21428 21082 317834 312309 47299 43000
Dwelling fund kept the upward trend in the last years, registering 8428 thousand dwellings at the end of 2010. By ownership type, the highest weight of dwelling fund existent at the end of 2010, is represented by dwellings under private majority ownership (97.7%).
Finished dwellings, by area

thou
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
67.3
62.5
47.3 39.6 32.9

20.8 17.4 23.5
34.7
48.5
31.1 26.1
Total finished dwellings Rural
Urban
15.5 2005
18.8 2006
23.8 2007
32.6 2008
31.4 2009
22.4 2010
In 2010, 48.5 thousand dwellings were finished, 14.0 thousand less than the previous year. By residence area, the weight of the dwellings ready to be used was higher in the rural area (53.7%) as against urban area (46.3%).
31
UNEMPLOYED SOCIAL PROTECTION

Unemployment indemnities1)
2007 Unemployment indemnity Unemployment indemnity for the graduates of educational institutions 2008 2009 469 291 2010 470 268
Monthly average (lei/person) 321 401 180 238
n procente fa de salariul minim brut pe economie Unemployment indemnity Unemployment indemnity for the graduates of educational institutions 82.3 46.2 78.6 46.7 78.2 48.5 78.3 44.7
1) According to the Law no. 76/2002 regarding the unemployment insurance system and employment stimulation.
In 2010, the monthly average unemployment indemnity amounted to 470 lei, 46.4% more than in 2007, and accounted for 78.3% of the gross minimum salary per economy. In 2010, the unemployment indemnity for the graduates of educational institutions (268 lei) represented 44.7% as compared to the gross minimum salary (46.2% in 2007). In 2010, within the total expenditure for the social protection of the unemployed, the highest weight was held by the unemployment indemnity (63.7%).
Structure of the expenditure for unemployed social protection, in 2010

34.8%
63.7%
Unemployment indemnities1) Graduates remuneration Compensations granted
0.6% 0.9%
Other expenditure2)
1) According to the Law no. 76/2002 regarding the unemployment insurance system and employment stimulation. 2) Including incentives for the unemployed who are employed before the period in which this indemnity is grated
expires, for stimulating labour force mobility, for stimulating the employers who hire people from the underprivileged categories that are unemployed, for the qualification and requalification of the unemployed, for stimulating graduates, social marginalisation for combating. Source: National Agency for Employment.
32
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
SOCIAL INSURANCE
M.U. Yearly average number Monthly average pension Yearly average number Monthly average pension Yearly average number Monthly average pension Yearly average number Monthly average pension 2007 2008 2009 5676 686 4718 711 799 300 4877 750 2 188 2010 5664 717 4767 739 737 309 4927 778 2 192 9 244
Social insurance pensioners1) - total thou pers. 5726 5685 lei / pers. 389 573 State social insurance pensioners mii pers. 4643 4664 lei / pers. 399 593 Social insurance pensioners - farmers mii pers. 932 866 lei / pers. 159 253 Social insurance pensioners (except farmers) mii pers. 4794 4819 lei / pers. 434 631
Pensioners receiving social security benefits 2) Yearly average number mii pers. 3 2 Monthly average pension lei / pers. 111 161
Pensioners who are war invalids, orphans, and widows Yearly average number mii pers. 16 14 11 Monthly average pension lei / pers. 236 245 245
1) Comprise state social insurance pensioners, pensioners from the Ministry of National Defence,
the Ministry of Administration and Interior, the Romanian Intelligence Service, the State Secretariate for Cults and the Lawyers Insurance Office. 2) Support allowance of pension-type , paid from the social insurance fund.
In 2010, the average number of social insurance pensioners was 5664 thousand persons, decreasing by 62 thousand persons as compared to 2007. On the contrary, the number of state social insurance pensioners experienced a slight increase of 2.7% as compared to 2007. In 2010, the monthly average pension of social insurance pensioners amounted to 717 lei, 1.8 higher than in 2007. In 2010, the monthly average pension for state social insurance pensioners amounted to 739 lei, increasing by 85.2% as compared to 2007.
33
SOCIAL INSURANCE
Real average pension indices
1990=100
%
130 120 110 100 90 80 74.3 70 60 50 40 0
125.7 112.1 122.6
56.3 61.4 63.1 63.1 55.0
68.1 57.7 48.2 62.3 44.0 51.6 50.3 47.2 46.6 49.2
83.6
~
1991
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
2004 2005 2006
2007 2008
2009
Tickets for balneary treatment and rest granted by means of social insurance
M.U. Tickets - total Balneary treatment Rest Expenditure for treatment and rest 1) thou thou thou lei thou 2007 313.8 261.8 52.0 314729.0 2008 325.4 250.8 74.6 315977.1 2009 286.4 214.9 71.5 345232.3
Note: For 2010, data will be available in September 2011. 1) Including expenses incurred for the balneary treatment of farmers, according to Government Emergency Ordinance No. 31/1998. Source: Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection.
34
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
2010
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
Allowances and other benefits granted to the population
lei thou
From the state budget State allowances for children Complementary family allowance Support allowance for mono-parental family Indemnity for child raising Incentive for child raising Health insurance contributions coresponding to the indemnity for child raising Allowance for new born children Outfits for new born children Financial aids for family set up Allowances for family placement Emergency benefits Financial benefits Benefits for refugees From the local budgets Social support Aid for partial covering of funeral expenses Emergency benefits
Note: For 2010. data will be available in September 2011. Source: Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection.
2007 4322980.6 2082807.8 297426.8 155733.3 1436236.3 23877.4
2008 4721902.6 2586442.2 288685.5 145442.8 1320183.4 22211.1
2009 5542953.1 2894505.6 405027.8 180735.4 1737806.5 18716.4
104262.8 37877.9 21359.1 87812.2 61790.2 7004.3 6629.1 163.4 422119.8 396615.9 1561.7 23942.2
131432.1 39886.5 29709.2 76656.2 58596.5 12786.8 9494.8 375.5 393058.2 366540.4 2069.0 24448.8
94034.1 44448.7 30311.0 78231.9 57501.3 1304.0 330.4 433181.0 414584.3 2125.9 16470.8
Allowances and other benefits granted to the population showed an upward trend during 2007-2009; the main financing source was the state budget. In 2009, the expenditure for allowances granted from the state budget accounted for 59.9% of the total expenditure incurred from the state budget and the local budgets. In 2009 as compared to 2007, state allowances for children increased by 1.4, and the emergency allowances granted from the state budget and the local budgets increased by 46.8%. The local budget continued to be the financing source for social support, with a weight of 95.7% in the total social protection expenditure from local budgets in 2009.
Social assistance canteens1)

2007 Number of units and sections Number of places 121 30722 2008 125 29805 2009 125 25927
Note: For 2010, data will be available in October 2011. 1) Financed from the local budget. Source: Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection.
35
HEALTH
Main sanitary units
number of units
2007 Hospitals Integrated ambulatories of the hospitals and specialized ambulatories Polyclinics Dispensaries Health care centers 2) Tuberculosis sanatoria Balneary sanatoria 3) Preventoria Health and social care units Diagnosis and curative centers Health specialised centers Family doctors offices Health specialised offices Dentist offices - total Other health care offices Pharmacies and pharmaceutical points Medical laboratories Dentist laboratories Crches 447 403 263 208 46 5 9 4 66 27 133 11048 8370 11008 2273 6906 2296 2158 272
2008 458 444 269 213 47 5 8 4 66 30 158 11279 9038 11499 2391 7215 2555 2130 280
2009 474 461 268 211 47 5 9 4 68 28 171 11390 9998 12140 2450 7586 2828 2226 287
20101) 506 478 308 208 43 5 10 4 71 26 187 11465 8974 12481 3002 7261 2921 2208 288
1) Provisional data. 2) Including health care centers with hospital beds 3) Including the neurosis or neuropsychiatry sanatoria.
The health care services within the sanitary system were granted by a network of sanitary units (hospitals, polyclinics, dispensaries and other institutions) belonging to the public and private sector. In 2010, this network comprised 506 hospitals, 59 more than in 2007. The development of the private sector led to an increase in the number of pharmacies and pharmaceutical points; thus, in 2010, their number amounted to 7261 units, 355 more than in 2007.
Beds in sanitary units

number of beds
2007 Beds in hospitals - total 138025 Beds in preventoria 2) 420 Beds in health and social care units 2) 2823 Beds in tuberculosis sanatoria 2) 909 Beds in crches 131352)
1) Provisional data. 2) The public sector only.
2008 138184 420 2726 918 13729
2009 138915 390 2818 908 14161
20101) 131822 370 3075 835 14668
36
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
HEALTH
Number of medical-sanitary staff
persons
2007 Physicians2) Population per physician Physicians per 10000 inhabitants Dentists Population per dentist Dentists per 10000 inhabitants Pharmaceutical chemists Population per pharmaceutical chemist Pharmaceutical chemists per 10000 inhabitants Ancillary medical staff Population per ancillary medical person Ancillary medical staff per 10000 inhabitants Ancillary medical staff per physician
1) Provisional data. 2) Dentists excluded.
2008 50267 428 23.4 11901 1807 5.5 11704 1837 5.4 132464 162 61.6 2.6
2009 50386 426 23.5 12497 1718 5.8 11996 1790 5.6 129673 166 60.4 2.6
20101) 51930 413 24.2 13000 1649 6.1 13491 1589 6.3 126169 170 58.9 2.4
48199 447 22.4 11651 1849 5.4 11108 1939 5.2 136353 158 63.3 2.8
In 2010, 204.6 thousand persons worked within the sanitary system as against 207.3 thousand in 2007. In 2010, for every physician (excluding dentists) there were 413 inhabitants (447 inhabitants in 2007). For every dentist there were 1649 inhabitants, 200 inhabitants less than in 2007, and for every pharmaceutical chemist there were 1589 inhabitants, 350 less than in 2007. In 2010, per 1000 inhabitants there were: 24.2 physicians, 6.1 dentists, 6.3 pharmaceutical chemists and 58.9 ancillary medical staff.
37
EDUCATION
Education by level of education
2007/ 2008 Total 2008/ 2009 2009/ 2010 8244 2010/ 2011 7588
Number of educational units 8230 8221
Enrolled population by level of education (thousands) Total 4405 4325 4177 Level of education: Pre-school 650 653 666 - private sector 11 12 12 Primary and secondary 1790 1752 1720 - private sector 5 4 4 High school 792 785 838 - private sector 19 26 30 Vocational and apprenticeship 220 189 115 - private sector 3 2 2 Post high school and foremen 46 55 63 - private sector 21 23 28 Tertiary 907 891 775 - private sector 381 411 322 Enrolment rate for school age population (%) 79.7 79.6 77.2 82.3 77.4 82.0
4029 674 12 1691 5 867 30 54 1 70 32 673 240
Total By sex Male Female
78.7 76.8 80.7
77.6 76.0 79.3
Pre-school Pupils Students
Number of pre-school children, pupils and students per teaching staff 17 17 17 14 14 14 28 28 25 Number of pupils and students per 10000 inhabitants 1322 1293 1274 421 414 361
18 14 23
Pupils Students
1252 314
The process of restructuring the national educational system and the new legal regulations related to education led to the reorganisation of the network of educational units in Romania. The number of educational institutions decreased by 642 (namely 7.8%) as a consequence of the reforms implemented in the national educational system during 2007-2010. The new configuration of the educational network was correlated with the size of the school population and with the conditions offered by the existing equipment, with a view to ensuring a quality educational process. The school population decreased, being smaller by 8.5% in the school/academic year 2010/2011 than in the school/academic year 2007/2008. It is worth mentioning that tertiary education is continuously expanding, though it recorded fluctuations during this period, particularly due to the private sector. For educational levels overall, the enrolment rate of the school age population had different values depending on the sex (76.0% for boys and 79.3% for girls, in the school/academic year 2010/2011).
38
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
EDUCATION
Students in higher education institutes, by specialisation groups, in the 2010 / 2011 academic year
1.4%
27.1%
Specialisation groups:
23.8%
Technical Medicine and pharmacy
8.1%
Economics Juridical University - Pedagogy
14.3%
25.3%
Artistic
The breakdown of the students enrolled in tertiary education in the academic year 2010/2011 by specialisation groups reflects the option of most Romanian students to university - pedagogy (27.1%), study economics (25.3%) and technical sciences (23.8%). The situation in the private sector tertiary education is completely different, the highest weight being recorded for the students who study economics (37.1%). 2007/ 2008/ 2009/ 2008 2009 2010 Number of graduates by level of education (thou persons) Secondary education 207.8 204.0 199.0 High school education 218.2 202.1 204.9 Vocational and apprenticeship education 113.1 100.9 89.8 Post high school and foremen education 13.0 17.6 19.2 Tertiary education 232.9 214.8 191.3 Teaching staff (thou persons) 277 275 37 38 139 138 62 61 6 5 1 1 32 32 2010/ 2011 ... ... ... ... ...
Total Pre-school Primary and secondary High school Vocational and apprenticeship Post high school and foremen Tertiary
268 38 135 60 3 1 31
253 37 125 60
*)
1 30
= Data not available (the school year ends after the autumn second examination). *) Under 0.5.
In correlation with the reduction of the school population, the number of graduates decreased, except for the post high school and foremen education, which in the school year 2009/2010 experienced an increase of 48.1% as compared to the school year 2007/2008 and 9.4% as compared to 2008/2009. At the end of the school year 2009/2010, the highest number of graduates was in high school education (over 204 thousand persons), followed by secondary education (199 thousand persons) and tertiary education (over 191 thousand persons). Teaching staff from all levels of education did not register significant variations in the last four years, except primary and gymnasium education where number of teaching staff decreased by 10.1% compared to 2007/2008 school year and 7.4% against 2009/2010.
39
CULTURE
2007 Number of libraries - private ownership Number of cinemas 2) Performances (thou) Audience (millions) Number of entertainment institutions 3) Performances and concerts (thou) Audience (millions) Number of museums - private ownership Visitors (thou) 12366 396 72 100 3 156 20 4 679 81 12255 2008 12359 367 75 128 4 156 20 5 688 79 10687 2009 12229 350 74 185 5 161 20 6 694 77 10169 20101) 11829 324 68 240 7 153 19 6 687 81 8939
1) Provisional data. 2)Source: Cinema National Center. 3) Including theatres and musical institutions under private majority ownership.
The number of libraries operating in 2010 experienced a rise of 537 (4.3%) as compared to 2007. By ownership type, most libraries are under state ownership (about 97.3%), while those under private ownership account for only 2.7%. The cinema network existing at the end of 2010 included 68 cinema units, decreasing by four cinema unit as compared to 2007 (5.6%). In 2010, as compared to 2007, the number of performances increased by about 140 thousand and the cinema audience increased by about four million spectators. In 2010, the number of entertainment institutions (theatres, concert halls and similar institutions) was 153, experiencing an increase of 1.9% as compared to 2007. The number of performances and concerts amounted to about 19 thousand in 2010, increasing as against 2007 (by 5.0%) and the audience increased by about two million. The network of public museums and collections operating in 2010 comprised 687 units, 8 more than in 2007. This increase was caused by a rise in the number of museums and collections open to the public. The number of private museums and collections open to the public remained unchanged in 2010 as compared to 2007.
40
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
CULTURE
Media production
2007 2008 2009 20101)
Newspapers, magazines and other periodicals 2) Titles - total Broadcast by public stations (thou broadcast hours) 3) Broadcast by private stations (thou broadcast days) 4) Broadcast by public stations (thou broadcast hours) 5) Broadcast by private stations (thou broadcast days) 4)
1) Provisional data. 2) Source: National Library of Romania. 3) Source: Romanian Broadcasting Company. 4) Source: Audio-Visual National Council. 5) Source: Romanian Television Company.
2400
2690
2708
Radio programmes 122 170 131 181 144 176 147 174
Television programmes 35 52 36 56 53 57 50 54
. . . = Data not available.
Newspapers, magazines and other periodicals

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 80 81 80 75 51 2124 2044 2261 2180 2690 2615 2708 2657
Titles - total Daily newspapers Other periodicities
2400 2320
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Note: For 2010, data will be available in September 2011.
In 2010, as compared to 2007, the broadcast hours of public radio stations increased by 20.5%, while the broadcast hours of private stations rose by 2.4%. In 2010, number of hours public TV broadcast programs increased significantly due to higher number of broadcast stations, with about 42.9% compared to 2007. An increase in broadcast time of 3.8% compared to 2007, register private TV stations too.
41
PRICES
Romanian economic environment faced with major imbalances caused by inflation phenomenon. The trend to reduce inflation rate took place since 1998, reaching in 2007 the lowest level (4.8%). In 2010 inflation was 6.1%.
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total Food goods Non-food goods Services
Consumer price indices (%) (previous year = 100) 104.84 107.85 103.89 109.22 104.99 106.36 106.63 108.57 Monthly average inflation rate (%) 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 Average exchange rate in December 3.5289 3.9153 2.4247 2.9026
105.59 103.25 106.22 108.97
106.09 102.33 109.78 104.78
Total Food goods Non-food goods Services
0.4 0.0 0.6 0.6
0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5
lei / euro lei / USD
4.2248 2.8952
4.2925 3.2439
Evolution of consumer price, real earning and yearly average exchange rate indices
% 150 current year/ previous year Consumer price indices - total 125 Real earning indices1) Yearly average exchange rate indices - lei/euro Yearly average exchange rate indices - lei/USD 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
100
75
1) For 2010, provisional data.
Under the impact of the gradual removal of the subsidies from the state budget, the level of industrial production prices reflected the increase in costs, as well as the relative mediocrity of economic units performance. Likewise, the increase in salary costs, the gradual re-evaluation of tangible and intangible assets, the depreciation of the exchange rate of the national currency etc. had a significant influence on industrial production prices.
42
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
PRICES
Industrial production price indices per total (domestic market and non-domestic market)
2005 = 100
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 divisions) Total Mining and quarrying Mining of coal and lignite Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Mining of metal ores Other mining and quarrying Mining support service activities Manufacturing Manufacture of food products Manufacture of beverages Manufacture of tobacco products Manufacture of textiles Manufacture of wearing apparel Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of travel and leather goods, harness and footwear; preparation and dyeing of furs Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials Manufacture of paper and paper products Printing and reproduction of recorded media Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations Manufacture of rubber and plastic products Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products Manufacture of basic metals Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products Manufacture of electrical equipment Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Manufacture of other transport equipment Manufacture of furniture Other manufacturing n.e.c. Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities Water catchment, treatment and distribution
c = Confidential data.
2007 117.96 143.20 117.36 149.88 c 117.72 149.88 117.37 114.48 115.67 135.19 113.47 127.70 128.09 115.39 111.64 121.48 130.89 108.68 133.31 115.87 111.92 116.42 116.41 110.78 121.92 113.20 107.75 110.14 110.92 112.79 110.88 112.52 112.52 144.85 144.85
2008 136.01 159.65 123.57 169.13 c 129.98 169.13 138.29 137.90 127.71 149.87 123.96 146.76 147.61 127.59 129.19 127.23 170.23 134.86 147.82 122.86 124.79 147.69 142.02 115.33 133.87 128.51 122.78 122.95 121.99 146.45 127.07 117.39 117.39 158.25 158.25
2009 138.55 146.65 128.84 148.19 c 139.53 146.59 140.45 141.58 141.56 180.00 132.39 164.75 165.95 133.12 136.30 140.47 136.63 131.74 173.36 121.46 132.04 139.65 150.16 122.49 144.23 142.03 134.82 140.16 131.52 156.69 137.82 125.55 125.55 177.42 177.42
2010 147.33 149.65 130.37 148.59 c 138.17 155.74 150.37 146.64 148.04 219.92 139.73 173.33 178.00 133.95 139.37 145.60 176.86 127.03 215.70 125.15 129.42 155.72 152.28 124.96 147.40 145.69 135.43 145.28 135.98 164.88 136.66 130.27 130.27 190.92 190.92
43
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
In 2010, the level of gross domestic product, in nominal terms, was 513640.8 million lei, 23967 lei per capita. In 2010, as compared to 2009, the gross domestic product in real terms decreased with 1.3% and the gross domestic product per capita decreased with 1.1%. Fall was dramatic during 2009-2010 as against process of economic growth registered in previous years (6.3% in 2007 against 2006; 7.3% in 2008 against 2007). In 2010, the evolution of gross domestic product by activity sectors had the following characteristics: services registered the highest contribution in GDP formation, respectively 47.5% of total (244241.6 million lei); the second place was held by industry, respectively 26.4% for GDP formation (135472.0 million lei); construction contributed with 8.9% at GDP formation (45481.9 million lei); agriculture, hunting, forestry and fish breeding contributed with 6.0% from GDP (30728.6 million lei). In 2010, gross value added registered was 455924.1 million lei and represented 88.8% of GDP.
Gross domestic product, by category of resources and category of uses

lei million current prices
2007 Agriculture, hunting and forestry Industry 4) Construction Services Gross value added (GVA) Net taxes on products Gross domestic product (GDP) Actual final consumption Households actual individual final consumption General government actual collective final consumption Gross capital formation Gross fixed capital formation Change in inventories Net exports Gross national income (GNI)
3)
2008 34126.3 118486.0 54628.2 251295.0 458535.5 56164.5 514700.0 420917.5 381108.1 39809.4 160896.9 164279.4 -3382.5 -67114.4 499783.1
20091) 31734.9 121842.5 49350.0 244919.8 447847.2 50160.3 498007.5 402246.0 362749.9 39496.1 126036.4 130602.6 -4566.2 -30274.9 491189.1
20102) 30728.6 135472.0 45481.9 244241.6 455924.1 57716.7 513640.8 405422.4 368495.1 36927.3 135920.6 116793.1 19127.5 -27702.2 507315.1
23992.2 101148.0 37923.8 205292.3 368356.3 47650.5 416006.8 344937.0 313223.3 31713.7 128858.7 125645.3 3213.4 -57788.9 401081.4
Note: Data are presented according to CANE Rev. 1. The data for 2007 and 2008 are final. 1) Semi-final data. 2) Provisional data. 3) Including fishery and pisciculture. 4) Including electric and thermal energy, gas and water.
44
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
In 2010, from the viewpoint of gross domestic product use, the actual final consumption was 405422.4 million lei, and value of the most important component final individual actual consumption of population households was 368495.1 million lei. In 2010, amounts allocated for gross fixed capital formation were 116793.1 million lei. The negative evolution of gross fixed capital formation was determined by diminish of investiments volume, main component of this aggregate. In 2010 export of goods and services (synthesis of international trade activity) represented the equivalent of -27702.2 million lei.
Gross domestic product indices (%)

2005 = 100
2007 RESOURCES Agriculture, hunting and forestry 3) Industry 4) Construction Services Gross value added Net taxes on products Gross domestic product (GDP) USES Actual final consumption Households actual individual final consumption General government actual collective final consumption Gross capital formation Gross fixed capital formation Change in inventories Net export 87.6 113.0 165.2 114.4 115.2 110.6 114.7 119.8 123.0 90.7 162.9 156.2 -206.3 291.8
2008 105.7 115.1 208.4 120.5 123.9 117.1 123.1 130.2 134.0 96.3 168.9 180.5 739.9 312.5
20091) 90.6 113.4 180.7 113.0 116.0 102.3 114.4 120.1 122.3 97.5 124.7 134.9 891.7 133.3
20102) 89.9 119.2 161.4 110.4 114.7 99.7 113.0 117.5 119.9 94.4 128.0 117.2 -3120.2 138.7
Note: The data for 2007 and 2008 are final. 1) Semi-final data. 2) Provisional data. 3) Including fishery and pisciculture. 4) Including electric and thermal energy, gas and water.
45
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Gross domestic product growth variation
previous year = 100 % 110 105 100 95 90 85 87.1 94.4 91.2 103.9 101.5 95.1 97.9 92.9 107.1 103.2 99.6 105.7 105.2 105.1 108.5 107.9 107.3 98.7
102.4
104.2
106.3
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2003
2001
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Note: For the interval 1990-2008 the data are final; for the interval 1995 - 2005 the data are revised; for 2009 the data are semi-final and for 2010, the data are provisional.
World crisis forced foreign investors to retreat investments from central and eastern European countries such as Romania. Consequently, investment rate diminished in 2010, having value of 25.6% with 3.6 percentage points under level registered in 2009 (29.2%).
2007 Gross domestic product - lei million current prices - changes as against the previous year (%) Gross domestic product per inhabitant - lei (RON) - changes as against the previous year (%) - dollars (based on the purchasing power parity) 3) - purchasing power standard Gross value added rate (GVA / Output) (%) Investment rate (GFCF / GVA) ( %)
Note: The data for 2007 and 2008 are final. 1) Semi-final data. 2) Provisional data. 3) Eurostat forecast. . . . = Data not available.
2008 514700.0 7.3 23935 7.5 12638 12000 46.5 35.8
20091) 498007.5 -7.1 23196 -6.9 11917 107003) 47.1 29.2
2009
2010
80
20102) 513640.8 -1.3 23967 -1.1

... ...
416006.8 6.3 19315 6.5 11486 10400 47.0 34.1
46.0 25.6
46
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Contribution of the main activities to the gross domestic product (%)
2007 Agriculture, hunting and forestry Industry 4) Construction Services Gross value added Net taxes on products Gross domestic product (GDP)
3)
2008 6.7 23.0 10.6 48.8 89.1 10.9 100.0
20091) 6.4 24.5 9.9 49.2 90.0 10.0 100.0
20102) 6.0 26.4 8.9 47.5 88.8 11.2 100.0
5.8 24.3 9.1 49.3 88.5 11.5 100.0
Note: The data for 2007 and 2008 are final. 1) Semi-final data. 2) Provisional data. 3) Including fishery and pisciculture. 4)Including electric and thermal energy, gas and water.
The decrease of gross domestic product was determined by weak evolutions of activity volume from private sector. In 2010, private sector held 69.2% of gross domestic product, less than previous year with 1.1 percentage points. In 2010 by activity branches, the gross value added from private sector had the following characteristics: - private sector from agriculture continued to hold significant weights in gross value added of the branch (99.6%) with 30.4 percentage points over average level of private sector in the economy; as compared to previous year, this indicator increased with 11.3 percentage points; - gross value added of private sector in industry represented 83.4% of gross value added of the branch, over average level of private sector in the economy with 14.2% percentage points; as compared to previous year, this indicator registered a growth with 0.8 percentage points; - in construction, weight of private sector was 97.3% with 28.1 percentage points over average level of private sector in the economy, as compared to previous year, this indicator increased with 0.6 percentage points; - in services, weight of private sector was 68.6% from total gross value added of the branch, level situated less under average level of private sector in the economy (with 0.6 percentage points); as compared to previous year, gross value added in private sector of services branch was lower with 2.3 percentage points.
47
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Weight of the private sector in the gross domestic product and the gross value added of the main activities in the national economy (%)
2007 Gross domestic product - total Gross value added in: - agriculture, hunting and forestry 3) - industry 4) - construction - services 72.0 2008 71.1 20091) 70.3 20102) 69.2
92.6 86.6 97.1 74.4
94.0 85.7 91.5 72.6
88.3 82.6 96.7 70.9
99.6 83.4 97.3 68.6
Note: The data for 2007 and 2008 are final. 1) Semi-final data. 2) Provisional data. 3) Including fishery and pisciculture. 4) Including electric and thermal energy, gas and water.
Structure of the gross value added in the private sector, by activity of national economy
% 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 9.1 28.8 11.7 2005 10.5 29.3 10.5 2006 12.3 29.3 7.4 2007 13.6 27.7 8.8 2008 13.6 28.8 8.0 2009 1) 12.5 31.8 8.6 Construction 50.4 49.7 51.0 49.9 49.6 47.1 Industry4) Agriculture, hunting and silviculture3)
50,4 49,7 51,0 49,9 49,6 47,1
Services
2010 2)
Note: Data are presented according to CANE Rev. 1. Data for 2005 are revised and during 2006 - 2008 are final.
1) Semi-final data. 2) Provisional data. 3) Including fishery and pisciculture. 4) Including electric and thermal energy, gas and water.
48
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INVESTMENTS
Net investment indices, by structural elements (%)
2008 = 100
2009 Total New construction Equipment Other investment expenditure

20101) 61.2 69.0 53.9 61.1
70.7 85.1 60.6 64.3
In 2010, by main activities of national economy, a higher focus of investments funds took place in industry, including electric and thermal energy, gas and water (42.2%) and services (40.5%).
Net investments, by main activities of national economy, in 2009

CANE Rev.2 3.9% 34.3% Agriculture, forestry and fishing 49.6% Industry Construction Services 12.2%
44
Net investments, by financing source, in 2009

1.8% 8.8% 8.6% CANE Rev.2 68.1% Own source Internal credits 5.3% External credits State budget and local budget 7.4% Foreign capital Other sources
Note: For 2010, data will be available in November 2011.
49
AGRICULTURE
Agricultural production 1)
2007 Total Crop production Animal production Agricultural services 47700 28723 18292 685
2008 66994 45742 20536 716
2009 59928 35735 23442 751
20102) 64621 42773 21115 733
1) According to the Eurostat methodology on "Economic Accounts for Agriculture". 2) Provisional data.
Within the structure of agricultural production, the crop sector prevails, holding about 66.2% of total production in 2010, as against 32.7% animal production and 1.1% agricultural services.
Crop production
thou tonnes
2007 Cereals for grains of which: Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Maize grains Leguminous plants for beans Potatoes Sugar beet Oilseed crops of which: Sunflower Vegetables 1) Fruit 2) Grapes 2) 7815 3045 21 531 3854 36 3712 749 1047 547 3117 1086 873
2008 16826 7181 31 1209 7849 63 3649 707 1942 1170 3820 1179 986
2009 14873 5203 33 1182 7973 53 4004 817 1764 1098 3902 1323 990
2010 16664 5774 34 1314 9008 62 3284 838 2382 1267 3875 1420 740
1) Including the production of kitchen gardens, greenhouses, solaria, intercalated and successive crops. 2) Including the production of kitchen gardens.
In 2010, the production of cereals was higher than in 2009, but lower than in 2008. In 2010, as compared to 2009, crop production dropped for some crops (potatoes, vegetables and grapes) and increased for cereals for grains, leguminous plants for beans, sugar beet, oilseed crops and fruit.
50
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
AGRICULTURE
Evolution of main cereals production
thou tonnes 18000 15000 14873 12000 9000 6000 3000 1400 8985 5526 7815 3854 3045 773 36 2006 531 21 2007 1209 31 2008 7181 5203 1182 33 2009 1314 34 2010 7849 7973 9008 5774 Cereals for grains - total Wheat Rye Barley and two-row barley Maize grains 15759 16826 16664
Animal production
M.U. Meat - total of which: Beef Pork Mutton and goat Poultry thou t live weight thou t live weight thou t live weight thou t live weight thou t live weight thou hl thou hl tonnes mill. pcs tonnes tonnes 2007 1503 2008 1426 2009 1443
333 642 110 416 61048 54875 21025 6522 16767 15106
306 605 104 410 59006 53089 22075 6692 20037 16250
264 585 104 489 56383 50570 22352 6211 19937 15202
Milk - total of which: Cow and buffalo cow milk Wool Eggs Extracted honey Fish 1)
Note: Meat production from slaughtering, according to the Eurostat methodology. The data for 2010 will be available after 15 July 2011. 1) Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
51
AGRICULTURE
Livestock (on December 1st)
M.U. Livestock Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Horses Poultry - total - private majority ownership Bees - total - private majority ownership
2007 2008 2009 20101)
thou heads thou heads thou heads thou heads thou heads thou heads thou heads thou families thou families
2819 6565 8469 865 862 82036 81610 982 982
2684 6174 8882 898 820 84373 84355 998 998
2512 5793 9141 917 764 83843 83828 1057 1057
2390 5450 9480 958 844 77089 77005 1169 1168
Livestock under private majority ownership (on December 1st)
thou heads 10000 8000 6000 6543 8460 6163 8871 5786 9132 4000 2809 2000 0 5438 9279 2384 2010 Horses
2676
2007 Cattle Pigs
2008 Sheep Goats
2505
2009
52
916 757
898 813
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
957 841
865 858
FORESTRY
Forest fund, by use category
thou hectares
Use category Forest fund - total Forest area coniferous trees deciduous trees Other lands from forest fund
2007 6485 6315 1920 4395 170
2008 6470 6309 1938 4371 161
2009 6495 6334 1935 4399 161
20101) 6515 6354 1941 4413 161
At the end of 2010, the forest fund covered an area of 6515 thousand hectares, 30 thousand hectares more than in 2007 (0.5% respectively). As compared to 2009, the forest area increased by 0.3%. In 2010, the forest area amounted to 6354 thousand hectares, with the coniferous trees covering 1941 thousand hectares (30.5% respectively) and the deciduous trees covering 4413 thousand hectares (69.5% respectively).
Volume of wood harvested, by main species

thou m3 - gross volume
Wood species Volume of wood harvested - total coniferous trees beech trees oak trees various hard species various soft species
2007 17238 7491 5182 1485 1668 1412
2008 16705 6766 5208 1653 1760 1318
2009 16520 6635 5489 1403 1845 1148
20101) 16992 6895 5651 1526 1770 1150
In 2010, the volume of wood harvested was greater by 472 thousand m3 than in 2009 (i.e. by 2.9%) and smaller by 246 thousand m3 than in 2007 (i.e. by 1.4%). In 2010, according to the breakdown by wood species, coniferous trees accounted for 40.6% of the total volume harvested, beech trees covered 33.2%, oak trees 9.0% and the various hard and soft species 17.2%.
53
ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY
Active enterprises from industry, construction, trade and other services, by activity of national economy
number
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 sections) Total Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities Construction Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transport and storage Hotels and restaurants Information and communication Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Activities of administrative services and of support services Education 2) Health and social assistance 2) Shows, culture and recreation activities Other service activities
organised as trading companies.
2007 499533 903 56200 392 2146 48562 209297 30707 22089 19009 13339 53666 17368 2161 8100 4420 11174
2008 534525 1083 57305 506 2366 59389 214137 34489 23653 20049 14767 59181 19480 2681 8677 4990 11772
2009 519441 1234 54652 609 2358 60135 197611 35064 26170 19638 15107 60415 18205 2979 8859 5142 11263
Sem. I 20101) 426320 1022 46012 586 2048 43954 166090 29705 22073 15768 11649 49140 14523 2476 7983 4001 9290
1) Provisional data.2) Only include the enterprises with activities related to education or health and social assistance,
Active small and medium enterprises from industry, contruction, trade and other services, by activity of national economy
number
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 sections) Total Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities Construction Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transport and storage Hotels and restaurants Information and communication Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Activities of administrative services and of support services Education 2) Health and social assistance 2) Shows, culture and recreation activities Other service activities
organised as trading companies.
2007 497690 879 55218 342 2080 48377 209120 30612 22063 18958 13334 53625 17252 2160 8094 4407 11169
2008 532688 1061 56407 451 2295 59195 213945 34385 23631 19991 14760 59132 19340 2680 8670 4978 11767
2009 517870 1215 53909 556 2290 59990 197440 34969 26151 19588 15101 60369 18074 2978 8850 5131 11259
Sem. I 20101) 424766 1006 45290 533 1979 43826 165934 29606 22046 15714 11640 49090 14383 2475 7970 3989 9285
1) Provisional data.2) Only include the enterprises with activities related to education or health and social assistance,
54
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INDUSTRY
Industry turnover volume indices (%)
2005 = 100
CANE Rev.2 Total - by sections Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Total by main industrial groups Intermediate goods industry Capital goods industry Durable goods industry Current goods industry Energy industry
2007 130.9 129.8 131.0 135.9 147.7 137.7 125.6 104.9
2008 157.1 137.6 158.3 164.2 185.2 157.3 146.4 124.0
2009 135.2 122.1 136.0 126.0 188.0 126.8 135.9 91.3
2010 151.5 115.7 153.5 146.3 223.5 135.2 136.4 105.1
Note: Data resulting from infra-annual statistical surveys, recalculated according to CANE Rev. 2.
In 2010, the value index of turnover from industry increased as against 2005 average with 51.5%, due both to manufacturing (+53.5%) and mining and quarrying (+15.7%). Industrial production index (gross series) increased in 2010 with 23.4% as a result of higher manufacturing (+28.9%) and electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply (+11.8%). The most important growths were registered for: manufacture of electrical equipment; rubber and plastic products; manufacture of motor vehicles, traillers and semi-traillers; manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork,except furniture; manufactures of articles of straw and plaiting materials; electricity,gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply.
Industrial production indices

2005 = 100
%
140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 2007 2008 2009 2010 126.1 120.6 100.8 96.3 130.1 121.6 123.8 116.9 100.7 96.6 103.4 88.7 123.4 128.9
Total
Mining and quarrying

111.8
Manufacturing
82.6
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply
Note: Data recalculated according to CANE Rev.2.
55
INDUSTRY
Industrial production indices (%)
Unadjusted series 2005 = 100
2007 120.6 100.8 114.3 94.6 18.8 152.6 108.4 126.1 129.0 123.1 115.5 101.1 88.8 95.9 2008 123.8 100.7 114.2 89.4 4.0 170.9 121.3 130.1 135.7 138.5 141.2 92.5 71.0 82.7 2009 116.9 88.7 98.3 84.7 2.8 109.6 108.7 121.6 134.6 128.5 141.1 72.2 52.9 65.1 2010 123.4 82.6 97.5 82.4 23.5 94.5 79.8 128.9 125.5 121.1 114.3 78.2 52.9 67.9
Activity (CANE Rev.2) Total Mining and quarrying Mining of coal and lignite Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Mining of metal ores Other mining and quarrying Mining support service activities Manufacturing Manufacture of food products Manufacture of beverages Manufacture of tobacco products Manufacture of textiles Manufacture of wearing apparel Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of travel and leather goods, harness and footwear; preparation and dyeing of furs Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials Manufacture of paper and paper products Printing and reproduction of recorded media Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations Manufacture of rubber and plastic products Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products Manufacture of basic metals Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products Manufacture of electrical equipment Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Manufacture of other transport equipment Manufacture of furniture Other manufacturing n.e.c. Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Industry - total by main industrial groups: - intermediate goods industry - capital goods industry - durable goods industry - current goods industry - energy industry
133.2 120.0 96.7 94.9 104.7 108.0 161.8 147.4 103.1 147.0 131.2 140.6 135.1 138.9 128.1 117.3 115.4 111.3 96.3 96.3 131.0 138.9 116.5 111.6 97.0
122.7 112.6 121.2 94.5 121.4 125.8 179.2 166.0 87.1 170.4 137.3 155.9 129.9 142.7 129.4 113.2 83.5 91.4 96.6 96.6 136.1 145.3 112.7 114.1 96.2
145.1 101.1 128.0 83.6 102.0 104.6 167.3 114.7 55.8 148.2 103.7 181.0 107.3 158.0 107.3 96.8 74.1 92.2 103.4 103.4 123.4 143.5 95.7 104.5 96.5
163.1 102.2 115.9 73.8 111.8 112.7 179.2 109.2 71.1 135.9 103.5 238.3 101.0 204.2 70.5 95.3 66.2 99.7 111.8 111.8 136.3 156.2 98.0 100.8 99.5
56
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
ENERGY
Primary energy
thou tonnes oil equivalent1)
2007 Resources of which: - production 4) - imports Production 4) of which: - coal - crude oil - natural gas 5) - electric energy 6) Imports of which: - coal - crude oil - natural gas - electric energy 47460 27300 17399 27300 6858 4651 9075 3264 17399 3021 8531 3904 109
2008 481663) 287793) 163243) 287793) 7011 4619 8982 4233 163243) 2030 8417 3567 79
2009 42729 28034 11235 28034 6477 4390 8964 4242 11235 640 6892 1614 56
20102) 42755 26992 10936 26992 5969 4185 8419 4581 10936 567 5822 1834 66
1) Conventional fuel with a calorific power of 10000 Kcal/kg. 2) Provisional data. 3) Rectified data as against those previously published. 4) Including energy products obtained and consumed in households. 5) Excluding gasoline and ethane from extraction oil wells, which are included in crude oil. 6) Including aeolian energy.
In 2008, resources of primary energy registered a slight growth trend, as against previous year, then in 2009, a falling trend was registered (-11.3) against 2008. In 2010, resources of primary energy were kept at a relatively constant level against 2009. The weight of imports dropped to 25.6% in 2010 (as compared to 26.3% in 2009), crude oil imports representing 53.2% of total imports.
Electric energy balance

billion kWh
2007 Resource Production - in thermo-power stations - in hydro-power stations - in nuclear-electric stations Imports Destination - total Consumption - total - in economy - public lighting - population Exports Own technological consumption in networks and stations
2008 65.8 64.9 36.5 17.2 11.2 0.9 65.8 52.7 41.6 0.7 10.4 5.2 7.9
2009 58.7 58.0 30.4 15.8 11.8 0.7 58.7 47.9 36.2 0.7 11.0 2.9 7.0
20101) 60.5 59.8 28.0 20.1 11.6 0.8 60.5 50.5 38.6 0.7 11.2 3.0 7.0
62.9 61.6 37.9 16.0 7.7 1.3 62.9 53.0 42.0 0.6 10.4 3.4 6.5
57
CONSTRUCTION
Indices of construction works (%)
unadjusted series 2008 = 100
2009 20101) 70.9 62.8 86.2 91.8
Total New construction Capital repairs Maintenance and current repairs
81.7 77.4 89.9 92.2
1) Provisional data resulting from infra-annual statistical surveys.
Construction works, by manner of performing

2008
18.0% 19.7%
2009
New construction and capital repairs Maintenance and current repairs
82.0% Note: For 2010, data will be available in November 2011.
80.3%
Structure of contruction works on contract, by category of objects

2008
13.4% 14.9%
38.1%
2009
34.3%
Residential buildings Non residential buildings
23.2% 25.7% 25.3%

Transport infrastructures Other construction and works engineering
25.1%
58
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
TRANSPORT
M.U. Railway transport Railway engines 2) Waggons 2) Carriages 2) Transported freight Distance covered by goods 3) National and international passengers transport Distance covered by passengers Inland waterway transport Ships without propulsion for freight transport 4) Ships for passengers transport 4) Transported freight 5) Distance covered by freight 5) National and international passengers transport Distance covered by passengers Transport via petroleum pipelines Transported goods Distance covered by goods Maritime transport Freight ships 4) Transported goods 6) Air transport Registered civil aircrafts with air navigation certificate - for passengers transport - for freight transport Transported goods 7) National and international passengers transport 7) Road transport Transported goods Distance covered by freight National and international passengers transport Distance covered by passengers number thou waggons number million tonnes billion tonnes-km million passengers million passengers-km 2007 1986 55 5326 69 16 88 7476 2008 1907 47 5105 67 15 78 6958 2009 1845 46 5137 51 11 70 6128 20101) 1834 43 4904 53 12 64 5437
number number million tones billion tonnes-km million passengers million passengers-km million tonnes billion tonnes-km number million tonnes
1199 72 29 8 *) 23 12 2 31 49
1221 75 30 9 *) 21 12 2 27 50
1232 65 25 12 *) 20 9 1 24 36
1208 67 32 14 *) 15 7 1 26 38
number numr thou tonnes million passengers million tonnes billion tonnes-km million passengers million passengers-km
62 22 8
71 27 9
84 25 9
89 26 10
357 60 231 12156
365 56 2978) 201948)
293 34 2628)
175 26 2458)
171088) 158128)
1) Provisional data. 2) Railway transport means existing in inventory at end of year. 3) Tariff covered by goods. 4) The data refer to ships registered in the Registration File of Romanian Naval. 5) Statistical data series in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1365/2006 of the European Parliament and 6) Statistical data series in accordance with Directive 42/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of 7) Statistical data series in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 437/2003 of the European Parliament and 8) Data obtained according to the new methodology (the observation unit is the motor vehicle that has
of the Council on statistics of goods transport by inland waterways.
the Council on statistical returns in respect of carriage of goods and passengers by sea.
of the Council on statistical returns in respect of the carriage of passenges, freight and mail by air. a valid licence for the transport of people).
*) Under 0.5.
59
TRANSPORT
During 2010 as compared to 2009, most of transport ways registered falls. Air transportul registered a continuous upward evolution during 2007-2010. Road transport registered a fall in terms of quantities of goods, by 40.3% compared to 2009 and by 51.0% compared to 2007.
Harbour freight transport

thou tonnes
2007 Maritime transport - loaded goods - unloaded goods Inland waterways transport - internaional - national - transit
in accordance with the European legislation.
2008 50458 20857 29601 30295 7526 22646 123
2009 36094 19687 16407 24743 6382 9843 85181)
2010 38122 21181 16941 32088 9048 14770 82701)
48928 20298 28630 29425 12710 16661 54
1) Includes data on the transport between the Bulgarian harbours (transit transport for Romania),
Airport passengers transport

thou
5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000
4568 2156 3894 4484 4524 5115
2183
3937
1000 500 0
2005
2750
2006
2747
2007
4593
2008
2009
2010
embarked disembarked
60
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
5013
1500
TRANSPORT
Airport freight transport
tonnes
18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2005 2006
loaded (including mail)
17758 15851 13902 15099 15709 15637
8928 6324 6740 7169
8790
9903
2007
2008
2009
unloaded (including mail)
2010
Airport passengers and freight transport

M.U. Passengers Freight (including mail) Aircraft movements thou passengers tonnes number 2007 7831 22268 133646 2008 9077 26686 150120 2009 9093 24499 160047 2010 10128 25540 163222
Number of registered motor vehicles

thou pieces
2007 Buses and microbuses Passenger cars Mopeds and motorcycles (including motor tricycles and quadricycles) Goods road motor vehicles
2008 42 4027
2009 41 4245
20101) 41 4320
36 3554
56 587
72 645
80 662
85 667
Source: Ministry of Administration and Interior (Driving Licences and Vehicles Registration Division).
61
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS

Exports, imports and balance of trade in goods transactions
2007 FOB exports euro million USD million lei million CIF imports euro million USD million lei million Balance (FOB exp. - CIF imp.) euro million USD million lei million
2008 33725 49674 123812
2009 29084 40579 123344
20101) 37293 49413 157160
29549 40471 98579
51322 70414 171319
57240 84286 210133
38953 54344 165171
46802 62007 197171
-21773 -29943 -72740
-23515 -34612 -86321
-9869 -13765 -41827
-9509 -12594 -40011
The value volume of Romania international trade in goods registered in 2010 a growth as against previous year, as follows; FOB exports amounted to 37293 million euro (increasing by 28.2% against 2009) and CIF imports amounted to 46802 million euro (increasing by 20.1% against 2009), FOB-CIF trade balance being under these conditions -9509 million euro.
Exports, imports and balance of international trade in goods transactions

51322 57240
euro million
40746
22255 32568
30000 20000 10000 0 -10000 -20000 -30000
-10313
25850
40000
29549
33725
50000
29084 38953
-14896 2006
-9869 -21773 2007 -23515 2008 2009
37293 46802
60000
-9509
1)
2005
2010
FOB exports CIF imports Balance (FOB exports - CIF imports)

62
ROMANIA IN FIGURES

International trade in goods by section, according to the Combined Nomenclature
Code CN FOB export CIF import I Live animals and animal products II Vegetal products III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XV XVI Animal or vegetal fats and oils Prepared foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco Mineral products Chemical products Plastics, rubber and articles thereof Raw hides and skins, leather, furskins and articles thereof Wood and articles of wood, excluding furniture Pulp of wood, paper, paperboard Textiles and textile articles Footwear, headgear, umbrellas and similar articles Articles of stone, plaster, cement, ceramic, glass and similar materials Base metals and articles of base metal Machinery and mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; sound and image recorders and reproducers Vehicles and associated transport equipment Optical, photographic, cinematographic, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus and similar; clocks and watches; musical instruments; parts and accessories thereof Miscellaneous manufactured articles Goods not elsewhere classified in C.N. E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I E I 2007 29549 51322 252 870 440 1037 68 144 362 1288 2295 6139 1130 3873 1454 3086 233 762 993 579 178 866 3932 3629 1358 512 236 944 4815 5675 6552 12851 3577 7102 2008 33725 57240 278 1191 1198 1259 106 227 583 1669 3142 7850 1428 4727 1711 3313 232 693 949 599 162 967 3544 3476 1239 552 216 1076 4940 6501 8061 13715 4139 7131 2009 29084 38953 326 1116 1125 1003 88 160 704 1544 1784 3883 1070 4300 1436 2542 189 559 919 376 165 898 2900 2737 1024 443 179 634 2922 3794 7671 10539 4882 2890
euro million
20101) 37293 46802 434 983 1637 1137 165 217 889 1577 2060 5169 1660 4667 1885 3250 238 641 1223 396 235 963 3134 3041 1170 519 225 673 4455 5116 10137 13335 5753 3457
XVII XVIII
XX XXII
E I E I E I
232 823 1362 1027 82 113
314 943 1389 1231 94 119
351 652 1252 792 97 92
436 787 1425 763 133 111
Note: The differences between the total data and the data obtained by summing up the different structures used are due to rounding. 1) Provisional data.
63

The main structural changes in the evolution of exports by section according to the Combined Nomenclature (CN) in 2010 as compared to 2009 consist of: - a higher share for the sections Base metals and articles of base metal (by 1.9 percentage points); Chemical products (by 0.8 percentage points); Machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment, sound and image recorders and reproducers (by 0.8 percentage points); - a lower share for the sections Textiles and textile articles (by 1.6 percentage points); Vehicles and associated transport equipment (by 1.4 percentage points). In imports evolution by sections of Combined Nomenclature in 2010 compared to 2009, the following structural changes took place: - higher weight for sections Machinery and mechanical appliances; electrical equipment, sound and image recorders or reproducers , with 1.5 percentage points; Base metals and articles of base metal with 1.1 percentage points, Mineral products with 1.1 percentage points. - lower weight for section Chemical products with 1.1 percentage points.
Unit value indices of international trade calculated from values expressed in euro (%)
previous year = 100
FOB exports CIF import

2007 106.0 98.2
2008 103.8 103.4
2009 89.3 89.3
20101) 107.0 104.2
Exports, by groups of countries1)

euro million
2007 Total Europe European Union (EU-27) EFTA Other European countries Asia Middle and Near East Other Asian countries Africa North Africa Other African countries America of which: North America Central America and the Caribbean South America Oceania Extra-EU not specified countries 3) 29549 26041 21269 536 4236 2017 1126 891 506 378 127 934 639 134 162 43 8
2008 33725 29507 23765 630 5113 2273 1339 934 843 485 359 1012 624 205 183 68 22
2009 29084 25706 21600 655 3450 2030 1097 921 706 527 179 598 366 138 95 20 26
20102) 37293 32826 26914 578 5333 2526 1308 1218 989 608 381 906 648 111 147 22 24
Note: The differences between the total data and the data obtained by summing up the different structures used are due to rounding. 1) Destination country for exports. 2) Provisional data. 3) It includes the goods for which the destination country for export and the origin country for import are not indicated in the customs declaration.
64
ROMANIA IN FIGURES

(FOB) exports with the main partner countries, in 2010 1)
(structure calculated from data in euro thou)
Germany
18.1%
Other countries
48.1%
Italy
13.8%
France
8.3%
Hungary
4.8%
1)
Turkey
6.9%
Provisional data.
(CIF) imports with the main partner countries, in 20101)

(structure calculated from data in euro thou)
Germany
16.7%
Other countries
51.6%
Italy
11.6%
Ungary
8.7%
Peoples Rep. of China

5.5%
France
5.9%
1)
Provisional data.
65

Imports, by groups of countries 1)
euro million
2007 Total Europe European Union (EU-27) EFTA Other European countries Asia Middle and Near East Other African countries Africa North Africa Other African countries America of which: North America Central America and the Caribbean South America Oceania Extra-EU not specified countries 3) 51322 44265 36587 459 7220 5212 771 4441 266 165 101 1433 802 79 552 117 28
2008 57240 47756 39838 513 7405 7357 441 6916 285 225 60 1710 1023 78 609 131 1
2009 38953 32598 28472 450 3676 4976 287 4631 293 170 92 1066 583 76 394 19 2
20102) 46802 39360 33924 531 4905 6006 341 5665 289 154 136 1124 665 64 395 22 1
1) Consignment country for intracommunity imports and origin country for extracommunity imports. 2) Provisional data. 3) It includes the goods for which the destination country for export and the origin country for import are
not indicated in the customs declaration.
In terms of the geographical orientation of exports, the main destination is represented by EU Member States, which in 2010 hold 72.2% of the total exports. The main origin of imports is also represented by EU Member States, holding 72.5% of the total imports in 2010.
66
ROMANIA IN FIGURES

International trade in goods , by group of countries, in 2010 1)
FOB exports 37293 euro million
12.0% 1.5% 14.3% 10.5% 1.1% 15.9%
CIF imports 46802 euro million
72.2%
72.5%
European Union Other countries from Europe

1)
EFTA Other countries
Provisional data.
International trade in goods, by mode of transport

euro million
2007
2008
2009
20101)
(FOB) exports by mode of transport Total of which: Railway transport Road transport Sea transport River transport 29549 1420 19114 6175 277 33725 1787 22434 7560 420 29084 1188 20506 5654 335 37293 1774 26082 7170 450
(CIF) imports by mode of transport Total of which: Railway transport Road transport Sea transport River transport
51322 3237 32774 8015 315
57240 3297 37928 10312 373
38953 1112 27736 5989 407
46802 1419 32480 7221 495
67
DOMESTIC TRADE
Retail1), by group of goods
CANE Rev.2 Total Food goods Non-food goods Retail of fuels
2008 158191.5 55479.9 71386.0 31325.6
2009 135883.2 49098.1 61603.6 25181.5
Note: For 2010, data will be available in November 2011. 1) Excluding the sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and the retail in fuels.
Turnover volume indices for retail trade except motor vehicles and motorcycles, by group of goods
2008 = 100
CAEN Rev.2 Total Predominant sales of food goods, beverages and tobacco Predominant sales of non-food goods Retail trade in fuels for motor vehicles, in specialised stores
1) Provisional data resulted from infraanual statistical surveys.
2009 85.9 88.5 86.3 80.4
20101) 81.3 81.9 79.5 83.4
In 2010, the turnover volume indices of the enterprises whose main activities are in the field of retail except motor vehicles and motorcycles increased by 18.7% as compared to 2008. Decreases were recorded for predominant sales of non-food goods (20.5%), for the retail in fuels for motor vehicles in specialised stores (16.6%), and for predominant sales of food goods, beverages and tobacco (18.1%).
Retail, by group of goods

2008
19.8% 18.5% 35.1% 36.1%
2009
Food goods Non-food goods Retail of fuels
45.1%
45.4%
68
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
MARKET SERVICES
Turnover volume indices for market services mainly provided to the population
2008 = 100
CANE Rev. 2 Total of which: Hotels and restaurants Travel agencies and tour operators activities; tourist assistance activities
1) Provisional data resulted from infraanual statistical surveys.
2009 84.5 87.1
20101) 95.2 97.6
75.0
90.0
In 2010, the volume index of the market services mainly provided to the population was 4.8% less than the 2008 average.
Market services mainly renderend to the population, by activity

2008
32.3% 24.6%
25.2%
2009
36.4%
Restaurants Hotels and other similar accommodation facilities Travel and tour operator agencies activities
18.6% 21.3% 21.2% 20.4%
Other market services mainly renderend to the population
Income of market services activities

CANE Rev. 2 Market services mainly provided to the population Market services mainly provided to economic operators (including transport, storage and communications)
2008 16865.5 162289.4
2009 14252.3 154458.2
69
TOURISM
Tourists accommodation
2007 Existing capacity 1) (thou places) In function (thou places-days) - private majority ownership (thou places-days) 2008 2009 303 61104 54164 2010 312 63808 57192
Touristic accommodation capacity 284 294 57138 59188 48995 51395
Number of tourists accommodated in tourist accommodation establishments (thou) Total of which: foreigners of total: - private majority ownership 6972 1551 6304 7125 1466 6478 6141 1276 5652 6073 1346 5683
Number of overnight stays in tourist accommodation establishments (thou) Total of which: foreigners of total: - private majority ownership
1) On July, 31.
20593 3586 17539
20726 3359 17785
17325 2668 14969
16051 2767 14129
International trips registered at Romanias borders

thou
14000 12000 10000 8000 7140 8906 7722 6037 10980 8862 7575 7498 13072 11723 10905
6000 5839 4000 2000 0 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Arrivals
Departures
In 2010, the number of arrivals of foreign visitors to Romania amounted to 7498 thousand persons (a decrease of 1.0% as compared to 2009) and the number of departures of Romanian visitors abroad amounted to 10905 thousand persons (a decrease of 7.0% as compared to 2009).
70
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
TOURISM
International trips registered at Romanias borders
2007 2008 2009 2010
Arrivals of foreign visitors to Romania (thou) Total of which: Austria Bulgaria Italy Germany Republic of Moldova Turkey Ukraine Hungary 7722 218 818 398 473 1110 284 720 1743 8862 210 1114 433 522 1429 303 730 1950 7575 180 877 375 443 1043 258 724 1836 7498 177 786 331 395 1216 265 672 1735
Arrivals of foreign visitors to Romania, by means of transport used (thou) Total Road Railway Air Naval 7722 5753 275 1460 234 8862 6885 253 1462 262 7575 5925 208 1277 164 7498 5906 222 1216 154
Departures of Romanian visitors abroad, by means of transport used (thou) Total Road Railway Air Naval 10980 8762 247 1944 27 13072 10381 259 2404 28 11723 9335 214 2147 21 10905 8261 195 2416 19
Note: Since 2009 international trips registered at the Romanian borders also include by foot trips. Source: Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Border Police General Inspectorate.
71
JUSTICE
number
2007 2008 4142 1597 239 1358 36795 7246 14837 782 58 62 48 4 196 10 1240 9042 2009 3904 1903 239 1664 34226 6460 12691 803 45 49 31 1 190 4 1014 10012 20101) 4081 2263 244 2019 41891 7319 14934 1065 68 43 64 256 4 1327 11938
Judges Actions entered at Courts (thou) - penal (thou) - civil (thou) Persons definitively convicted of which, for: Infringements against persons Infringements against the patrimony Forest infringements Job infringements - giving bribe - taking bribe - trading on ones influence - obtaining undue profits Infringements against authorities Economic infringements Infringements causing damage to social cohabitation relations Road traffic infringements Crime rate (persons definitively convicted per 100000 inhabitants)
4111 1532 246 1286 46127

2)
10195 19518 1614 89 87 61 1 224 9 1861 8637
214
171
159
195
1) Provisional data. 2) Infringements against private and public assets.
Source: Superior Council of Magistracy.
The institutions responsible for ensuring the observance and enforcement of the law are the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Administration and Interior. In 2010, in Romania there were 4081 judges, increasing by 4.5% against previous year and decreasing with 0.7% against 2007. Our of total registered causes, in 2010, 89.2% were civil causes. Number of penal and civil causes in average to be solved by one judge ranged from 373 in 2007 to 555 in 2010. During the period 2007-2010, the number of persons definitively convicted per 100000 inhabitants decreased from 214 in 2007 to 195 in 2010.
number
2007 Infringements under police investigation - total (thou) Crime rate (infringements investigated by the police per 100000 inhabitants) 281
2008 289
2009 300
20101) 293
1307
1345
1397
1366
1) Provisional data. Source: Romanian Police General Inspectorate within the Ministry of Administration and Interior.
72
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS
Population, on January 1 (million inhabitants) Country 2000 2008 Total EU-27 482.8 Austria 8.0 Belgium 10.2 Bulgaria 8.2 Czech Republic 10.3 Cyprus 0.7 Denmark 5.3 Estonia 1.4 Finland 5.2 France 60.5 Germany 82.2 Greece 10.9 Ireland 3.8 Italy 56.9 Latvia 2.4 Lithuania 3.5 Luxembourg 0.4 Malta 0.4 Netherlands 15.9 Poland 38.7 Portugal 10.2 United Kingdom 58.8 Romania 22.5 Slovakia 5.4 Slovenia 2.0 Spain 40.0 Sweden 8.9 Hungary 10.2
1) Provisional data. Source: Eurostat.
2009
2010
2000
2008
2009
2010
of which: women 501.11) 8.4 10.8 7.6 10.5 0.8 5.5 1.3 5.4 64.71) 81.8 11.3 4.5 60.3 2.2 3.3 0.5 0.4 16.6 38.2 10.6 62.01) 21.5 5.4 2.0 46.0 9.3 10.0 247.7 4.1 5.2 4.2 5.3 0.4 2.7 0.7 2.6 31.1 42.1 5.5 1.9 29.4 1.3 1.9 0.2 0.2 8.0 19.9 5.3 30.2 11.5 2.8 1.0 20.4 4.5 5.4 254.81) 4.3 5.4 3.9 5.3 0.4 2.8 0.7 2.7 33.0 41.9 5.7 2.2 30.7 1.2 1.8 0.2 0.2 8.3 19.7 5.5 31.2 11.0 2.8 1.0 22.9 4.6 5.3 255.81) 4.3 5.5 3.9 5.3 0.4 2.8 0.7 2.7 33.2 41.8 5.7 2.2 30.9 1.2 1.8 0.2 0.2 8.3 19.7 5.5 31.3 11.0 2.8 1.0 23.2 4.7 5.3 256.51) 4.3 5.5 3.9 5.3 0.4 2.8 0.7 2.7 33.41) 41.7 5.7 2.3 31.1 1.2 1.8 0.3 0.2 8.4 19.7 5.5 31.51) 11.0 2.8 1.0 23.3 4.7 5.3
497.71) 8.3 10.7 7.6 10.4 0.8 5.5 1.3 5.3 64.0 82.2 11.2 4.4 59.6 2.3 3.4 0.5 0.4 16.4 38.1 10.6 61.2 21.5 5.4 2.0 45.3 9.2 10.0
499.71) 8.4 10.8 7.6 10.5 0.8 5.5 1.3 5.3 64.4 82.0 11.3 4.5 60.0 2.3 3.3 0.5 0.4 16.5 38.1 10.6 61.6 21.5 5.4 2.0 45.8 9.3 10.0
73
Country 2000 EU-27 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary
1) Provisional data. 2) Break in the series.
Natural increase (per 1000 inhabitants) 2000 0.6 0.2 1.1 -4.9 -1.8 4.5 1.7 -3.9 1.4 4.4 -0.9 -0.2 6.1 -0.2 -5.0 -1.4 4.5 3.4 4.2 0.3 1.4 1.2 -0.9 0.5 -0.2 0.9 -0.3 -3.7 2008 1.2 0.3 2.2 -4.3 1.4 5.1 1.9 -0.5 2.0 4.5 -2.0 0.8 10.6 -0.1 -3.1 -2.6 4.1 2.1 3.0 0.9 0.03 3.5 -1.5 0.8 1.72) 2.9 1.9 -3.1 2009 1.01) -0.1 2.0 -3.6 1.0 5.5 1.4 -0.2 2.0 4.31) -2.3 0.9 10.2 -0.4 -3.6 -1.6 4.0 2.2 3.1 0.9 -0.5 3.71) -1.6 1.5 1.5 2.4 2.3 -3.4
Live-births (per 1000 inhabitants) 2008 10.9 9.3 11.7 10.2 11.5 11.6 11.8 12.0 11.2 13.0 8.31) 10.3 16.9 9.6 10.6 10.4 11.5 10.0 11.2 10.9 9.8 12.9 10.3 10.6 10.82) 11.4 11.9 9.9 2009 10.71) 9.1 11.81) 10.7 11.3 12.01) 11.4 11.8 11.3 12.81) 8.11) 10.51) 16.71) 9.51) 9.6 11.0 11.3 10.0 11.21) 10.9 9.4 12.81) 10.4 11.3 10.71) 10.81) 12.0 9.61)
10.6 9.8 11.3 9.1 8.8 12.2 12.6 9.5 11.0 13.3 9.3 9.5 14.4 9.5 8.5 9.8 13.1 11.0 13.0 9.8 11.7 11.5 10.5 10.2 9.1 9.9 10.2 9.6
Source: Eurostat.
74
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Average life expectancy (years)
Country Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary 2000 78 78 72 75 77 76 71 77 79 78 78 77 79 71 73 78 77 78 73 76 77 71 73 76 78 80 71 2007 80 80 73 77 78 78 73 79 81 79 79 79 81 72 71 80 79 80 75 79 79 73 74 78 80 81 73 2008 80 80 73 77 78 79 73 80 81 80 80 79 82 72 71 80 80 80 76 78 79 73 75 78 81 81 73 2009 80 80 73 77 79 79 74 80 81 80 80 79 82 73 72 80 79 80 76 79 80 73 75 79 81 81 74
Source: World Population Data Sheet, 2010.
75
Yearly average inflation rate (%)
Country EU-27 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary
Source: Eurostat.
2008 3.7 3.2 4.5 12.0 6.3 4.4 3.6 10.6 3.9 3.2 2.8 4.2 3.1 3.5 15.3 11.1 4.1 4.7 2.2 4.2 2.7 3.6 7.9 3.9 5.5 4.1 3.3 6.0 2009 1.0 0.4 2.5 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.2 1.6 0.1 0.2 1.3 -1.7 0.8 3.3 4.2 1.8 1.0 4.0 -0.9 2.2 5.6 0.9 0.9 -0.2 1.9 4.0 2010 2.1 1.7 2.3 3.0 1.2 2.6 2.2 2.7 1.7 1.7 1.2 4.7 -1.6 1.6 -1.2 1.2 2.8 2.0 0.9 2.7 1.4 3.3 6.1 0.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 4.7
2000 1.9 2.0 2.7 10.3 3.9 4.9 2.7 3.9 2.9 1.8 1.4 2.9 5.3 2.6 2.6 1.1 3.8 3.0 2.3 10.1 2.8 0.8 45.7 12.2 8.9 3.5 1.3 10.0
76
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Country 2000 EU-27 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania 3) Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary 62.2 68.5 60.5 50.4 65.0 65.7 76.3 60.4 67.2 62.1 65.6 56.5 65.2 53.7 57.5 59.1 62.7 54.2 72.9 55.0 68.4 71.2 63.6 56.8 62.8 56.3 73.0 56.3 Employment rate (%) 2007 65.4 71.4 62.0 61.7 66.1 71.0 77.1 69.4 70.3 64.6 69.4 61.4 69.1 58.7 68.3 64.9 63.6 55.7 76.0 57.0 67.8 71.3 58.8 60.7 67.8 65.6 74.2 57.3 2008 65.9 72.1 62.4 64.0 66.6 70.9 78.1 69.8 71.1 64.9 70.7 61.9 67.6 58.7 68.6 64.3 63.4 55.3 77.2 59.2 68.2 71.5 59.0 62.3 68.6 64.3 74.3 56.7 2009 64.6 71.6 61.6 62.6 65.4 69.9 75.7 63.5 68.7 64.2 70.9 61.2 61.8 57.5 60.9 60.1 65.2 54.9 77.0 59.3 66.3 69.9 58.6 60.2 67.5 59.8 72.2 55.4 2010 64.2 71.7 62.0 59.7 65.0 69.7 73.4 61.0 68.1 64.0 71.1 59.6 60.0 56.9 59.3 57.8 65.2 56.0 74.72) 59.3 65.6 69.5 58.84) 58.8 66.2 58.6 72.7 55.4 Unemployment rate 1) (%) 2000 8.6 3.6 6.9 16.4 8.7 4.9 4.3 12.8 9.8 9.1 7.2 11.2 4.2 10.1 13.7 16.4 2.3 6.7 2.8 16.1 4.0 5.3 6.9 18.8 6.7 11.1 5.6 6.4 2007 7.2 4.4 7.5 6.9 5.3 4.0 3.8 4.7 6.9 8.4 8.7 8.3 4.6 6.1 6.0 4.3 4.2 6.4 3.6 9.6 8.1 5.3 6.4 11.1 4.9 8.3 6.1 7.4 2008 7.1 3.8 7.0 5.6 4.4 3.6 3.3 5.5 6.4 7.8 7.5 7.7 6.3 6.7 7.5 5.8 4.9 5.9 3.1 7.1 7.7 5.6 5.8 9.5 4.4 11.3 6.2 7.8 2009 2010 9.0 4.8 7.9 6.8 6.7 5.3 6.0 13.8 8.2 9.5 7.8 9.5 11.9 7.8 17.1 13.7 5.1 7.0 3.7 8.2 9.6 7.6 6.9 12.0 5.9 18.0 8.3 10.0 9.6 4.4 8.3 10.2 7.3 6.5 7.4 16.9 8.4 9.7 7.1 12.6 13.7 8.4 18.7 17.8 4.5 6.8 4.5 9.6 11.0 7.8 7.34) 14.4 7.3 20.1 8.4 11.2
Note: Employment rate calculated for the working age population (15-64 years). 1) According to the International Labour Office (ILO) methodology. 2) Break in the series. 3)Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS). 4) Provisional data. Source: Eurostat.
77
Yearly average gross earnings (euro) Country EU-27 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania 2) Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary 2000 ... ... 31644.0 1436.1 ... 16334.9 40962.2 ... 27398.3 26712.0 37319.0 14721.0 ... ... ... ... 35875.0 11658.2 31901.0 ... 12619.6 37676.5 1732.0 3583.1 ... 17432.0 31620.8 4172.5 2007 ... ... ... 2626.0 ... ... 53165.0 ... 36126.0 ... ... ... ... ... 6690.2 ... 45284.0 ... ... ... ... 46050.5 5062.0 8400.1 ... ... 36871.4 8952.0 20081) ... ... ... 3368.0 ... ... 48499.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8208.0 7514.0 ... 15695.0 ... 10789.0 ... ... 5777.0 9197.0 16711.0 ... 35406.0 ... 20091) ... ... ... 3767.0 10736.0 7855.0 7184.0 40615.0 5221.0 9908.0 17286.0 32164.0
Note: Yearly average gross earnings for activities related to industry and commercial services. 1) Data according to CANE Rev.2. 2) It contains all size classes, including those with under 10 employees. = Data not available. Source: Eurostat.
78
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Weight of research and development expenditure in the Gross Domestic Product (%)
Country EU-27 1) Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary
1) Eurostat estimates. 2) Provisional data. 3) Break in the series. 4) Semi-final data.
2000 1.86 1.91 1.97 0.52 1.21 0.24 2.24 0.61 3.34 2.15 2.45 ... 1.12 1.05 0.44 0.59 1.65 ... 1.82 0.64 0.761) 1.85 0.37 0.65 1.41 0.91 ... 0.78
2007 1.85 2.52 1.90 0.45 1.54 0.44 2.583) 1.10 3.47 2.07 2.53 0.581) 1.29 1.18 0.59 0.81 1.581) 0.582) 1.81 0.57 1.17 1.78 0.52 0.46 1.45 1.27 3.40 0.97
2008 1.92 2.671);2) 1.962) 0.47 1.47 0.42 2.87 1.29 3.72 2.11 2.68 ... 1.45 1.23 0.61 0.80 1.51 0.57 1.76 0.60 1.50 1.77 0.58 0.47 1.653) 1.35 3.701) 1.00
2009 2.01 2.751);2) 1.962) 0.532) 1.53 0.462) 3.021) 1.422) 3.96 2.212) 2.821) 1.772) 1.272) 0.46 0.84 1.682) 0.54 1.842) 0.68 1.662) 1.872) 0.474) 0.48 1.86 1.38 3.622) 1.15
= Data not available. Source: Eurostat.
79
Participation in the educational or training process for people aged 25-64 years (%)
Country EU-27 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary
1) Eurostat estimates. 2) Provisional data. 3) Break in the series.
2007 9.5 12.8 7.2 1.3 5.7 8.4 29.2 7.0 23.4 7.5 7.8 2.1 7.6 6.2 7.1 5.3 7.0 6.0 16.6 5.1 4.4 20.03) 1.3 3.9 14.8 10.4 32.42) 3.6 2008 9.4 13.2 6.8 1.4 7.8 8.5 30.0 9.8 23.1 6.0 7.9 2.9 7.1 6.3 6.8 4.9 8.5 6.22) 17.0 4.7 5.3 19.9 1.5 3.3 13.9 10.4 ... 3.1 2009 9.32) 13.8 6.8 1.4 6.8 7.8 31.6 10.5 22.1 6.0 7.8 3.3 6.3 6.0 5.3 4.5 13.42) 5.82) 17.0 4.7 6.5 20.1 1.5 2.8 14.6 10.4 22.22) 2.7
2000 7.11) 8.3 6.2 ... ... 3.1 19.4 6.5 17.5 2.8 5.2 1.0 ... 4.8 ... 2.8 4.8 4.5 15.5 ... 3.4 20.5 0.9 ... ... 4.1 21.6 2.9
= Data not available. Source: Eurostat.
80
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Weight of households with Internet access (%)
Country EU-27 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania 1) Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary
2007 54 60 60 19 35 39 78 53 69 49 71 25 57 43 51 44 75 54 83 41 40 67 35 46 58 45 79 38
2008 60 69 64 25 46 43 82 58 72 62 75 31 63 47 53 51 80 59 86 48 46 71 36 58 59 51 84 48
2009 65 70 67 30 54 53 83 63 78 63 79 38 67 53 58 60 87 64 90 59 48 77 42 62 64 54 86 55
2010 70 73 73 33 61 54 86 68 81 74 82 46 72 59 60 61 90 70 91 63 54 80 44 67 68 59 88 60
1) Source: Household Survey on Information and Communications Technology. Source: Eurostat.
81
Labour productivity per employed person
- GDP per employed person in PPS (EU-27 = 100) Country Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary
2000 120.6 136.5 31.1 61.8 84.9 110.5 46.9 114.8 125.0 108.0 93.6 127.6 126.0 40.1 42.7 175.9 96.7 114.4 55.2 71.5 110.7 23.6 58.1 76.1 103.7 114.3 57.8
2007 113.9 126.9 37.3 71.4 85.3 104.3 65.4 113.0 121.3 108.4 97.11) 136.9 110.5 51.4 58.9 179.0 88.7 113.9 61.9 73.6 109.5 43.2 76.2 83.9 103.1 114.3 68.0
2008 114.2 125.5 39.3 72.1 88.5 103.8 64.4 112.5 120.0 107.2 99.81) 127.8 111.5 51.5 61.3 177.7 90.6 114.3 61.9 72.9 108.6 48.7 79.3 84.6 104.2 112.8 71.4
2009 113.2 125.5 39.9 72.9 89.0 103.3 65.5 108.9 120.9 105.1 98.91) 130.5 111.7 53.0 57.3 170.5 91.0 111.2 65.0 75.61) 106.6 47.91) 80.7 82.4 109.8 109.9 72.3
Source: Eurostat.
82
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Agricultural production indices (1999-2001=100)
Country Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania 1) Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary 2000 97 102 96 97 99 100 103 102 100 100 100 99 99 100 106 110 99 101 99 100 101 88 92 99 102 101 93 2007 99 96 67 90 85 102 115 105 92 97 84 96 92 127 111 95 91 95 99 93 95 97 91 95 102 93 84 2008 103 94 92 96 82 106 112 103 95 102 82 95 95 130 114 101 96 98 99 97 100 118 103 97 103 94 105 2009 100 97 86 94 80 107 114 105 97 103 80 92 94 127 117 101 89 100 102 94 98 115 92 95 99 97 95
Source: FAO Statistical Database. 1) According to the Eurostat methodology on Economic Accounts for Agriculture.
83
Gross domestic product/inhabitant (in PPS1)) Country 2000 EU-27 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary 19100 25000 24000 5400 13000 16900 25100 8600 22300 22000 22600 16000 25000 22300 7000 7500 46700 15900 25600 9200 15400 22700 5000 9600 15200 18500 24300 10600 2008 25100 31100 28800 10900 20200 24400 30800 17000 29500 26700 29000 235003) 33300 26000 14100 15300 70000 19800 33500 14100 19500 28700 12000 18100 228004) 25900 30800 16200 2009 23600 29300 27400 10400 19200 23200 28400 15000 26600 25400 27400 221003) 29800 24400 12200 12900 64000 19000 30800 14300 189003) 26500 10700 2) 17200 207004) 24300 28000 15300
1) PPS = The PPS (Purchasing Power Standard) represents the reference currency established at the level of
the European Union in order to express the results of the European Comparison Programme. The PPS is a conventional currency unit which excludes the influence of the differences among countries in terms of price level. 2) Eurostat forecasts. 3) Provisional data. 4) Break in the series. 5) Semi-final data. 6) Revised data. = Data not available. Source: Eurostat.
84
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
GDP growth rate (%) (previous year =100) 2000 3.9 3.7 3.7 5.7 3.6 5.0 3.5 10.0 5.3 3.9 3.2 4.5 9.7 3.7 6.9 3.3 8.4 3.9 4.3 3.9 3.9 2.46) 1.4 4.4 5.0 4.5 4.9 2008 0.5 2.2 1.0 6.2 2.5 3.6 -1.1 -5.1 0.9 0.2 1.0 1.03) -3.5 -1.3 -4.2 2.9 1.4 5.3 1.9 5.1 -0.1 7.3 5.8 3.7 0.9 -0.6 0.8 2009 -4.2 -3.9 -2.8 -5.5 -4.1 -1.7 -5.2 -13.9 -8.2 -2.6 -4.7 -2.03) -7.6 -5.2 -18.0 -14.7 -3.6 -3.4 -3.9 1.7 -2.53) -4.9 -7.15) -4.8 -8.1 -3.7 -5.3 -6.7 2010 1.8 2.0 2.2 0.2 2.42) 1.0 2.1 3.1 3.1 1.62) 3.6 -4.53) -1.0 1.3 -0.3 1.3 3.5 3.7 1.8 3.8 1.33) 1.3 -1.33) 4.0 1.2 -0.1 5.5 1.2 General government net lending / net borrowing - % in GDP 2008 -2.4 -0.9 -1.3 1.7 -2.7 0.9 3.2 -2.8 4.2 -3.3 0.1 -9.8 -7.3 -2.7 -4.2 -3.3 3.0 -4.5 0.6 -3.7 -3.5 -5.0 -5.7 -2.1 -1.8 -4.2 2.2 -3.7 2009 -6.8 -4.1 -5.9 -4.7 -5.9 -6.0 -2.7 -1.7 -2.6 -7.5 -3.0 -15.4 -14.3 -5.4 -9.7 -9.5 -0.9 -3.7 -5.5 -7.3 -10.1 -11.4 -8.55) -8.0 -6.0 -11.1 -0.7 -4.5 2010 -6.4 -4.6 -4.1 -3.2 -4.7 -5.3 -2.7 0.1 -2.5 -7.0 -3.3 -10.5 -32.4 -4.6 -7.7 -7.1 -1.7 -3.6 -5.4 -7.9 -9.1 -10.4 -6.43) -7.9 -5.6 -9.2 -4.2
85
2005=100
Indices of construction works 1) 2008 ... 109.33 104.10 178.69 113.55 113.71 98.94 125.26 123.983) 102.69 109.04 127.22 63.62 110.13 125.11 155.18 103.73 122.90 112.88 148.65 88.77 102.44 195.41 136.21 158.09 ... 117.87 81.02 2009 ... 107.11 97.22 152.77 112.60 101.67 81.52 87.99 107.883) 96.33 108.77 105.05 40.13 97.36 81.39 79.94 104.56 114.66 106.243) 155.67 82.88 90.54 166.02 120.89 125.02 ... 113.50 77.49 2010 102.74 96.01 125.422) 104.15 93.542) 72.48 77.10 121.453) 93.49 109.40 71.712) 28.072) 94.27 62.33 73.78 104.95 116.122) 94.513) 161.77 75.93 96.182) 143.81 115.37 103.88 122.21 69.64
Country
Industrial production indices (total industry, excluding construction) 1) 2008 2009 ... 102.23 102.85 96.602) 101.612) 99.75 85.78 84.35 95.54 86.88 93.73 89.862) ... 83.10 85.33 98.27 81.15 93.322) 97.342) 121.02 90.64 88.12 116.95 120.62 95.93 82.60 85.10 97.62 2010 109.37 114.14 97.65 111.752) 98.052) 87.33 102.01 101.41 92.19 104.16 83.882) 88.53 98.06 104.82 89.99 99.652) 104.302) 134.45 92.22 90.53 123.36 143.342) 102.412) 83.34 93.16 107.79
EU-27 Austria Belgium 2) Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Hungary
... 115.85 112.66 116.97 117.602) 109.84 100.94 110.92 116.52 99.47 112.03 98.72 ... 102.28 104.24 115.06 96.64 109.49 105.372) 125.72 99.17 98.07 123.74 139.88 116.03 98.53 103.77 118.40
Note: Unadjusted series. 1) Data according to CANE Rev.2. 2) Provisional data. 3) Eurostat estimates. = Data not available. Source: Eurostat.
86
ROMANIA IN FIGURES

Romania in Figures - 2011

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Romania in Figures - 2011

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS

Coordinator of publication: Coordinators of edition:

Pre-press and printing:

Pre-press: Laureniu MUNTEANU - Councellor

Cover: Alexandru POPESCU - Referent

ISSN 2066 - 6284

ISSN-L 1224 - 2896

SWEDEN ESTONIA LATVIA IRELAND UNITED KINGDOM DENMARK LITHUANIA

Satu Mare SATU MARE

MARAMURE Baia Mare BISTRIA-NSUD SUCEAVA Suceava

BOTO ANI Botoani

MACROREGION ONE MACROREGION TWO MACROREGION THREE

Reia Trgu Jiu

Trgovite Drobeta Turnu Severin

Buzu Ploieti IALOMIA

DMBOVIA ILFOV Slobozia CLRAI Clrai Constana

Legend: Towns Municipalities County residence Counties Development region

South - West Oltenia

Botoani Teleorman Tulcea Timi

ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION OF THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY ON DECEMBER 31, 2010

42 320 103 2861 12956

Major mountain peaks

1) Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.

Protected areas, in 2010

Biosphere reservations, in 2010

Source: National Administration of Meteorology.

Source: National Administration of Meteorology.

2008 21.5 10.5 11.0 3.3 14.0 4.2 11.8 9.7

2009 21.5 10.5 11.0 3.2 14.0 4.3 11.8 9.7

2010 21.4 10.4 11.0 3.2 13.8 4.4 11.8 9.6

2007 Average age of the population 39.0

150 200 250 Thousands persons

250 200 150 Thousands persons

Population Census, March 18, 2002

100.0 89.5 6.6 2.5 0.3 0.3 0.8

21680974 18817975 1026429 701077 324462 191556 619475

100.0 86.8 4.7 3.2 1.5 0.9 2.9

10.0 11.7 12.0 -1.7 8.8 1.7

10.3 11.8 11.0 -1.5 6.9 1.7

10.4 12.0 10.1 -1.6 6.3 1.5

9.9 12.1 9.8 -2.2 5.4 1.5

Birth rate, mortality rate and natural increase

Classification of counties and localities by number of inhabitants, on July 1st

320 19 199 56 22 13 10 1 2855 73 573 1758 429 22

320 21 198 57 20 13 10 1 2860 75 587 1743 432 23

320 21 199 56 20 13 10 1 2860 80 594 1730 430 26

320 21 198 57 20 13 10 1 2861 82 598 1724 429 28

Average life expectancy, by sex (years)

68.2 68.7 69.2 69.5 69.7 69.8 40 60

75.5 75.8 76.1 76.7 77.1 77.3 80

210 180 150 141.8 120 90 60 30 0 33.2 32.7 146.6

Economically active population, employment and ILO1) unemployed

1) According to the International Labour Office (ILO) methodology. 2) Provisional data.

Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS).

1) Provisional data. 2) Including the members of agricultural holdings or of non-agricultural co-operatives.

Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS).

Employment, by main activity of national economy

Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS).

35.4 8,52008 9,4

Agriculture, forestry and fishing Industry1) Construction Services

2008 403 187 312 132 71 42 20 13

2009 709 302 503 190 156 83 50 29