Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Classical Probability
probability is the ratio of n. of equalaly ikely outcomes favurable for an event to the total number of utcomes
Relative Frequency
we define probability of event A, occuring as the proportion of times A occurs, if we repeat the experiment sev
times under the same or similar conditions.
Subjective Probability
determined by a personal statement of how likely an outcome is.
Marginal Probability
ratio of number of possible outcomes favourable to the event A to th total number of possible outcomes
P(A) = number of possible outcomes favouring A / tota number of possible outcomes
the definition assumes that the elements of the sampe space have an equally likely chance of occuring.
Marginal probability in case of independent events is just the addition of the probabilities of all the events in w
simple event occurs.
Probability Rules
Additional rule
Bayes' Theorem
P(Ai/B) = [ P(Ai)*P(B/Ai)] / [ P(A1)P(B/A1)+P(A2)P(B/A2)+….+P(Ak)P(B/Ak) ]
ame time(occurrence of 1 implies non occurrence of
=0
NAL PROBABILITY
X' = ΣfX / Σf
Median
Quartiles
those values which divide the total frequency into 4 equal parts.
Deciles
those values which divide the total frequency into 10 equal parts
Percentiles
those values which divide the total frquency into 100 equal parts
Any set of these partition values divides the area of the frequency
curve on histogram into equal parts
Mode
The mode is the value which occurs most frequently in a set of observations or the point of
maximum frequency and around which other items of the set cluster densely
Grouped Data
Mode = Lmo + (f - f1) / (2f - f1 - f2) * W
where,
Lmo = lower limit of the modal class which is the class having maximum frequency
f1, f2 = Frequencies of the classes preceding an succeeding the modal class respectively.
f = Frequency of the modal class
W = class interval
Empirical Mode
Mode = 3Median - 2 Mean
MEASURES OF DIPERSION
The variability or dispersion of data of data is given by measures of dispersion.
When there is no dispersion, all the data points have identical values and the values of all the measures of central t
Range
range = value of highest data point - value of lowest data point
Deviation
average of the difference of the data points from a fixed value
the average deviation from zero = arithmetic mean
average deviation from arithmetic mean = 0
F+1)]/fm} * W + Lm
median class
Geometric Mean
nth root to the product of numbers to be averaged
G= The(X1*X2*X3…….Xn)^(1/n)
GM is used to find the average percent increase in sales,
production, population or other economic or business series
overtime.
Harmonic Mean
reciprocal of the arithmeic mean of the reciprocal of the given individual observations
HM = N/ [(1/X1) + (1/X2) + …..(1/Xn)]
Weighted Harmonic mean
WHM = ΣW / Σ(W/X)
ES OF DIPERSION
Quartile Deviation
(Q3 - Q1) / 2
Q1 = Lq + [(N/4 - F)/fq] * W
Q3 = Lq + [(3N/4 - F)/fq] * W
where,
Lq = lower limit of the quartile class
N = total frequency
F = cumulative frequency upto quartile class, but not including quartile class
fq = frequency of the quartile class
W = width of the class interval
Coefficient of Variation
tandard deviation / mean *100