Thailand : From Near Universal Access to Sustainable Access

Twarath Sutabutr, Sc.D

Deputy Director-General Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency Ministry of Energy, Thailand

Third Asia-Pacific Dialogue on Clean Energy Governance, Policy, Law, and Regulation

Attaining Sustainable Energy Access for All

4-5 June 2012 ADB, Manila, Philippines

1. Thailands ESI 2. Rural Electrification Achievements 3. RE policy and Access for all initiative

Latest version of Thailands master plan on renewable

energy (AEDP 25 within 10 years) Introduction of community-based power plant and local

SMART GRID technology

Successful case of Mae Hong Son

4. Key Takeaways

Current Thailand ESI Structure

Energy Regulatory Commission

EGAT (Gen)
Account Unbundling

IPPs

Power Import from Neighboring Countries

SPPs

VSPPs

Transmission System EGAT

EGATs Direct Customers

PEA

MEA

End Users

Energy Generation and Purchase

GWh
180,000

160,000

Diesel Renewable (Hydro and Biomass) Import (TNB)

140,000

Heavy Oil Lignite and Import Coal

120,000

Natural Gas Load Demand

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Note: Figures are given in net term from onwards

2011 EGAT Energy Sale

by Region
8%
10%

43%

Bangkok and Vicinity 30%

9%

Total EGAT Energy Sale

154,770* GWh
Remarks: Preliminary

Rural Electrification Mandate

Achievements
Village Electrification 71,133 Villages

(99.99%)

Household Electrification 12.96 Million (99.09%)

Household without electricity = 117,117

EGAT and PEA Transmission System EGAT

Substations: 211
Transformers: 84,630 MVA Length: 30,840 Circuit-kilometers

PEA Distribution System

Substations: 491 115 kV: 9,636 Circuit-kilometers HV Distribution lines: 298,996 Circuit-kilometers LV Distribution lines: 464,167 Circuit-kilometers

Rural Electrification Mandate

4 Stages Developments of Rural Electricification
1 Iniittiial Stage During 1958-1975 1958 NEA (Later DEDE) established By 1960 only 2% of villages electrified 1960 PEA established with mandate to electrify rural areas water flows, lights shine, good road 3. Rural Household Electrification Stage 1997-2003 2 Accelerated Rural Program Stage During 1976-1996 PEA expanded implementation by GridConnected System. After PEA Implemented the Accelerated Program, the number of Electrification Village increase as follow : 1981 : 22,525 Villages ( 44%) 1986 : 41,374 Villages ( 75%) 1991 : 58,334 Villages ( 95%) 1996 : 64,228 Villages ( 98%) 3.1 1st Stage (1997-1999) Covered 400,000 households Total investment 9,620 M. Implemented by Grid System 4. Rural Household Electrification Stage by Solar Home System (SHS) 2003-2010 290,716 households without grid connection before SHS 188,995 SHS installed Thailands installed PV capacity in 2003: 6 MWp SHS program adds 23 MWp! 3.3 Submarine Cable to Island started After SHS installed, the responsibility of O&M SHS transferred from the PEA to Tambon (local) governments

3.2 Project 2nd Stage (20012003) Covered 150,000 households Total investment 3,655 M. Implemented by Grid System

PEA implemented 3 Rural Electrification Projects by supplying from small diesel power plants. About 10,000 villages (20%) had been electrified.
NEA focused on Hydropower

3.4 By 1999 only 1% nonelectrified village

Solar Home System (SHS)

Rated 120 peak Watt single crystalline PV module

/

FORTH
SOLAR PRODUCT

SH-1210M
220 50

Rated 150 W, 50 Hz, 230 V Inverter / 10 A Charge controller

HaCo
HaCo
10A
ON

N
220 50

AC outlet for TV or other appliances

3K
D EEP CY CLE
EBB 125
3K THAI STORAGE BATTERY PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED

Source: PEA, May 2006

12 V, 125 Ah deep cycle leadacid battery

Two 10 W tube fluorescent lights with electronic ballasts

Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) Committed to the development of low-carbon society
Government Funding On R & D & D Activities 10 years Alternative EergyDevelopment Plan (AEDP-Master
Plan 2012-2021)

Private-Led Investment

Target 25 % of RE in Total Energy Consumption By 2021

New energy
Ocean & Tidal MW solar Geothermal MW wind

Hydro power plant

Bio-energy
biomass

Biofuels
MSW

Sm all

Mi cro

PumpedStorage
MW

Bio-gas 600 MW

Ethanol

Biodiesel
ML day

2nd Gen. Biofuels ML day

MW

MW

324 MW MW

MW

160 MW

ML day

3 MW

3,200 MW

MW

Renewable fuel

RE for Power generation = 9,201 MW

Community Scale Power plant < 1MW Micro-hydroelectricity Biomass

Promote RE on the Community scale

Biogas

Hybrid (Solar+Wind+Biomass+.)
Local Grid

Solar PV Rooftop

New Solar Home System (PV)

Green Island Initiatives (& Some Tourists Destinations) Introduction of Smart Technologies

Case Study : Mae Hong Son (MHS)

Geography

Most of the MHS of areas are mountains and forests.

Highlights
- Many Hydro sources
- Many natural attraction
Business from eco- touristsm Agriculture Verities of farm products

Weaknesses
- The Travel to villages is difficult, esp. in raining seasons. - Limited good agriculture area. - Some village live on watershed area (Sensitive area class 1 A)

MHS electricity situation

Using electricity system 25 from 41 villages by PEA

1. Household - Approx 1,713 SHS - Solar PV Mini-grid 2 system - Hydro power 58 kw

16 villages no power system

2. Local Schools - Solar PV power system 1.5-6 kw - Solar PV 6 kw

3. Local Hospitals - Solar PV 1.5 kw and 6 kw

Sample for target areas

Tambon Mokjumpae Tambon Tamrod, Ampoe Pangmapha

- Hydro power for household - The Repair photovoltaic battery charging stations (PV BCS) - The charcoal chaff briquettes

- Reduce firewood as replace by using fuel-chaff for cooking - Biogas for household - Solar power 2.18 kWp

Tambon Maeyuam, Ampore Mae-sarieng

- The Repair photovoltaic battery charging stations (PV BCS) - Reduce firewood as replace by using fuel-chaff for cooking

Tambon Maesuad, Ampoe Sob-moei

- Hydro power for household & school - Biogas for school - The Repair photovoltaic battery charging stations (PV BCS) - Solar PV power 2.18 kWp

Key success factors

RE Potentials are plentiful State Budget is ready for Community

Direct Benefit to community provided

Cooperation with local organizations and private sector
- Cooperation with local communities for action plan - Project development & allocation of budget for O&M - Interests from many private sectors for CSR projects

Strong local community participation

Key Takeaways
Many achievements on Rural Electrification in Thailand should be noted.
99+% electrification rate PEA and DEDE are key driving forces

By integrating Renewable Energy enabling new policy platforms

Hybrid RE system Community-scaled focus Smart + Local Grids Technology

Sustainable & Green Energy Access for All

www.dede.go.th

DEDE: Knowledge Base organisation and sustainable development Centre of RE and EE

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