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Glossary Boot Process Disks Dump Space Filesystems Kernel Networking Paging and Swap Space Password/Account Reset Processes Software Installation and Patches System Information System Monitoring Tapeutil Terminal Configuration Troubleshooting --> see aix-troubleshooting.html Users
Glossary
Term Advanced Interactive Executive RS/6000 Unix Operating System (AIX) Authorized Program Analysis Report (APAR) Base Operating System (BOS) Fileset Fragments High Availability Cluster Multiprocessor ?? (HACMP) I-Node Logical Block Maintenance Level (ML) ODN Page Paging Space Phsysical Volume ID (PVID) 4KB unit of virtual memory than can be transferred between physical ram and disk paging space Special logical volume used for holding inactive data that has been temporarily transferred out of physical ram. Unique id that consists of a hash of the CPUID and the date. Allows disk space to be divided into units that are smaller than the size of a logical block AIX Clustering 128 bit structure that contains information about the file or directory such as ownership, permissions, file type, number of links to the file, etc. Disk block that contains file or directory data Service updates necessary to upgrade the BOS to the current release level Used to identify a fix for a PMR. Definition
Boot Process
Phases of the Boot Process: 1. Read Only Storage Kernel Init Phase 1. Motherboard is Checked 2. Bootlist is found 3. Boot image is read into memory 4. Initialization starts 2. Base Device Configuration Phase 1. All devices are configured with cfgmgr command 3. System Boot Phase 1. Logical volumes are varied on 2. Paging is started 3. /etc/inittab is processed Commands alog - allows the administrator to view logs alog -L <-- displays log files that alog can view alog -o -t boot <-- displays the boot log file cfgmgr last bootlist uptime mpcfg shutdown How to boot the system if the Service Processor Firmware Menu is displayed:
Boot normally Interrupt the boot when the systems displays memory and cpu information <1> on Ascii terminals <F1> on Graphics terminals If you want to update firmware then you need to choose option 3, then put software in diskette drive and choose: o Option 6 for Update System Software o Option 7 for Update Service Processor
Startup Scripts
/etc/inittab o Indentifier:RunLevel:Action:Command Inittab Commands o lsitab --> lists records in /etc/inittab o mkitab --> makes a new entry in /etc/inittab o chitab --> changes an existing entry in /etc/inittab o rmitab --> removes an entry from /etc/inittab
Disks
lsdev -C -c disk - shows available disks on the server lsfs <-- show the filesystems on the server and their characteristics
lspv - shows disks and their LVM information or "none" if not part of LVM dumpfs <disk> - shows superblock, i-node map and disk map information for the file system specified. df -v - shows the number of i-nodes used and free.
Make sure the cdrom is inserted Make sure the cdrom drive is properly identified o lsdev -Cc cdrom Mount the cdrom o mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom
Dump Space
The system dump facility copies critical information to the dump device when a system crash occurs. This information is critical for determing the cause of the crash. sysdumpdev -l <-- shows where the system dump location currently is located. sysdumpdev -P -p /dev/hd9 <-- changes the primary dump device to hd9 sysdumpdev -e <-- estimates the size of the current dump smitty dump <-- access dump configuration through smit Procedure for manually peforming a system dump
Using Commands o sysdumpstart o smit dump Using special key sequence o Key in SERVICE mode o <CTRL><ALT><NUMPAD1> or K<CTRL><ALT><NUMPAD2> Using the reset button o Key in SERVICE mode o Press the reset button once
Find out the name of the dump file o sysdumpdev -L Run the crash command o crash <Dump copy filename> or crash <Dump Device Name> crash will provide a ">" prompt, stat and quit are commands of crash o >stat If the dump is successful, then you will see statistics of the dump o >quit
snap -gfkDNcd <directory to store snap file> o -g <-- gets output of the lslpp -hBc command o -f <-- gets system information o -k <-- gets kernel information o -D <-- gets dump and /unix information o -N <-- does not check for free space o -c <-- creates a compressed pax image of all the files in the directory o -d <-- allows the destination directory to specified, rather than the default of /tmp/ibmsupt
Filesystems
Additional information in the file aix-lvm.html. mount -t <type> --> mounts all filesystems in /etc/filesystems containing the t=type attribute Copying files
cp tar - limited to files smaller than 2 GB cpio - limited to files smaller than 2 GB pax
lsattr -E -l sys0 -a ncargs - List value of ARG/ENV chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=NewValue (range 6-128) - Modifies value of ARG/ENV.
Kernel
Changing from 32 bit kernel to 64 bit kernel
Change the link in the root directory o Existing link: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root system /usr/lib/boot/unix_mp o Link to: /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 Change the link in the /usr/lib/boot directory o Existing link: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root system /usr/lib/boot/unix_mp o Link to: /usr/lib/boot/unix_64
Networking
entstat -d en0 <-- this will display configuration and statistics for the network card "en0" - useful for displaying speed/duplex configuration
vmstat topas
lsps -a <- Lists paging space by disk chps -s 16 hd6 <- Changes the paging space by adding 16 logical partitions to the hd6 logical volume (default swap space device) chps -d 16 hd6 <- Changes the paging space by deleting 16 logical partitions from the hd6 logical volume mkps <-- Makes additional paging space rmps <-- Deletes paging space (paging space must be deactivated by chps and then system must be rebooted to remove the paging space) swapon <-- Turns on a paging space swapoff <-- Turns off a paging space Total Paging Space = 512MB + (Physical Memory Size - 256MB) * 1.25
Files /etc/inetd.conf /etc/services Using smit - daemon is recycled automatically upon exit Using vi o restart the inetd daemon so that the new configuration is read: o refresh -s inetd Using chservices to edit /etc/services o chservices -c --> changes entries o chservices -a --> adds entries o chservices -d --> deactivates entries
o o
oslevel oslevel -q oslevel -r <-- Shows the maintenance release that you are running instfix -i | grep ML <-- Shows what filesets are found for maintenance releases on your system and whether they are complete instfix -ik <FIX_IX> <-- Shows whether a particular fix has been installed on your system lppchk -v <-- Shows filesets that are incompletely installed or need to be corrected lscfg -vp | grep alterable <-- shows firmware level
System Information
prtconf|more <-- prints system information (aix 5.x) amount of ram - bootinfo -r or lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem number of processors - lscfg | grep proc or bindprocessor -q oslevel --> returns the major level of the OS (such as 5.0) oslevel -r --> returns the detailed level of the OS, with sub level and patch level info (such as 5.1)
System Monitoring
topas = top on hp-ux
Tapeutil
To run the menu version type "tapeutil"
Open the correct device o /dev/rmt0 = tape drive o /dev/smc0 = tape library "lsdev -Cc tape" will list the devices Use the commands listed o 14 =Element Inventory o 17 = Load/Unload Medium
"tapeutil -f /dev/smc0 move 5 82" --> will move tape from slot 5 to the tape drive
Terminal Configuration
Autocompletion: <esc>\
Troubleshooting
See aix-troubleshooting.html
Users
Commands: mkuser --> utility the creates a new user passwd --> change the user's password chuser --> change the user's attributes chuser minother=# <user> --> changes minother atttribute for a user
Note: The account needs to be reset if when trying to log in the following message is received: 3004-303 There have been too many unsuccessful login attempts; please see the system administrator. Procedure to reset the account: 1. chsec -f /etc/security/lastlog -a "unsuccessful_login_count=0" -s N500620 2. chuser "account_locked=false" N500620 Procedure to change the shell prompt:
Prompts o PS1 - normal system prompt o PS2 - prompt when system expects more input o PS3 - super-user prompt export PS1="newprompt>"