CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION....................................................... APPRECIATION....................................................... QUESTIONS............................................................. ANSWERS................................................................ FURTHER EXPLORATION............................................ REFLECTION...........................................................

INTRODUCTION
We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while we are in Form 5. This year The Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education has prepared three tasks for us. We have to choose and complete only ONE task based on our area of interest. This project can be done in group or individuals, but each of us is expected to submit an individually written report. Upon completed of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, we have gain valuable experiences and able to : apply and adapt variety of problem solving strategies to solve our routine and non-routine problems experiences classroom environment which are challenging, interesting and meaningful and hence improve our thinking skill. experiences classroom environment where expressing ones mathematical thinking, reasoning and communicating are highly encouraged and expected experiences classroom environments that stimulates and enhances effective learning realize that mathematics is important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics use technology especially ICT appropriately and effectively realize the importance and beauty of mathematics We are expected to submit this project work within three weeks from the first day the task is being administered to us. Failure to submit the written report will result in us not receiving certificate.
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APPRECIATION
First and foremost, I am thanking to Allah for giving me this precious opportunity to finish this 2011 Additional Mathematics Module.

I am satisfied because I can finish this module before the deadline. I spend hours of time and days to complete this 2011 Additional Mathematics Module perfectly.

I would also want to deliver my thousands of thanks to my Additional Mathematics teacher, Puan Norhasimah for her guidance and advises on how to answer all the questions in this module. Not to forget, I want to thanks to my family and friends for their support. They have spent lots of their precious time in order to help me with this Additional Mathematics Module. I really appreciate it.

part one
To find out how mathematics is used in cake baking and cake decorating
GEOMETRY to determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing and decorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs to estimate volume of cake to be produced.

CALCULUS (DIFFERENTIATION) to determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cake-baking to estimate minimum or maximum amount of cream needed for decorating to estimate minimum or maximum size of cake produced

PROGRESSIONS to determine total weight or volume of multi-storey cakes with proportional dimensions to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking to estimate total amount of cream for decoration

part two
QUESTIONS 1 :

To find the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5kg cake ordered :
volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake Height of cake 3800 5 = (3.142)( )2 7 (3.142) = ( )2 863.872 = ( ) = 29.392 d = 58.784 cm )2

QUESTION 2 :

(a)to find the different values of heights, h cm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used, d cm :
First, from the formula for d in terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake, V = 19000cm3, that is : 19000 = (3.142)( )2 h ( ( d=
)

)= ) = d2

Height, h (cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

Diameters, d (cm) 155.53 109.98 89.80 77.77 68.56 63.49 58.78 54.99 51.84 49.18

(b)i. the range of heights that is not suitable for the cakes and explanation :
h < 7cm is NOT suitable because the resulting diameter produced is not too large to fit into the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive.

ii. the diamensions that most suitable for the cake and reason :
h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling

(c)i. equation to represent the linear relation between h and d :

19000 = (3.142)( )2h ( ( d=
)

)= ) = d2

d = 155.53 log d = log 155.53 log d = Log h Log d log h + log 155.53 0 2.19 1 1.69 2 1.19 3 0.69 4 0.19

GRAPH OF LOG d AGAINST LOG h

ii.(a) to determine the diameter of the round cake pan required when the height of the cake is 10.5cm :
h = 10.cm log h = 1.021 log d = 1.680 d = 47.86cm

(b)to estimate the height of the cake obtained when the diameter of the cake is 42cm :
d = 42cm log d = 1.623 log h = 1.140 h = 13.80cm

QUESTION 3 :

(a)to estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that in 2(b)(ii) :
h = 8cm d =54.99cm amount of fresh cream = volume of fresh cream needed (area height) amount of fresh cream = volume of cream at the top surface + volume of cream at the side surface

volume of cream at the top surface = area of top surface = (3.142)( = 2375 cm3 )2 1 height of cream

volume of cream at the side surface = area of side surface height of cream height of cake) height of cream

= (circumference of cake = 2(3.142)( = 1382.23 cm3 )(8) 1

Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 = 3757.23 cm3

(b)suggestion for three other shapes for cake that will have the same height and volume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). The amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes :
1- Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid)

19000 cm3 = base area base area = length

height

width = 2375 cm2

By trial and improvement, 2375 = 50 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8)

volume of cream : = 2(area of left/right side surface)(height of cream) + 2(area of front/back side surface)(height of cream) + volume of top surface = 2(8 50)(1)+ 2(8 47.5)(1) + 2375

= 3935 cm3

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2 TRIANGLE-SHAPED BASE

19000 cm3 = base area base area = 2375 cm length length

height

width = 2375 cm

width = 4750 cm2

By trial and improvement, 4750 = 95 50 (length = 95, width = 50) )

slant length of triangle = = 98.23cm amount of cream :

= (area of rectangular front side surface)(height of cream) + 2(area of slant rectangular left/right side surface)(height of cream) + volume of top surface = (50 8)(1) + 2(98.23 8)(1) + 2375

= 4346.68 cm3

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3 PENTAGON-SHAPED BASE

19000 cm3 = base area

height

base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon therefore : 2375 = 5 (length 475 = length width)

width

Trial and improvement, 475 = 25 therefore, amount of cream : = 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + volume of top surface = 5(8 19) + 2375 =3135 cm3 19 (length = 25, width = 19)

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(c)to determine which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used :
pentagon-shaped cake since it requires only 3135 cm3 of cream to be used.

part three
Method 1 : Differentiation
use two equations for this method : the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3.142)r2h (1) (2) (3)

V = (3.142)r2 + 2(3.142)rh from (1) : h =

)

Substitute (3) into (2) : V = (3.142)r2 + 2(3.142)r( V = (3.142)r2 + ( )

)

V = (3.142)r2 + 38000r -1

( ) = 2(3.142)r (

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0 = 2(3.142)r ( = 2(3.142)r
)

minimum value, therefore

=0

= r3

6047.104 = r3 18.22 = r substitute r = 18.22 into (3) : h= h = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44
) )

Method 2 : Quadratic functions

use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake : 19000 = (3.142)r2h (1) (2)

f(r) = (3.142)r2 + 2(3.142)hr from (2) :

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f(r) = (3.142)(r2 + 2hr) = (3.142)[ (r + )2 (

factorize (3.142) )2 ] completing square, with

a = (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0 = (3.142)[ (r + h)2 h2 ] = (3.142)(r + h)2 (3.142)h2 (a = 3.142) (positive indicates minimum value), minimum value = f(r) = (3.142)h2, substitute r = -h into (1) : 19000 = (3.142)(-h)2h h3 = 6047.104 h = 18.22 substitute h = 18.22 into (1) 19000 = (3.142)r2(18.22) r2 = 331.894 r = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22 cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44 cm I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle easily.

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FURTHER EXPLORATION
(a)to find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes and to determine the number pattern :
height, h of cake = 6 cm radius of largest cake = 31 cm radius of 2nd cake radius of 3rd cake = 10% smaller than 1st cake = 10% smaller than 2nd cake

31 , 27.9 , 25.11 , 22.599... a = 31 , r = V = (3.142)r2h radius of 1st cake = 31,volume of 1st cake = (3.142)(31)2(6)=18116.772 radius of 2nd cake = 27.9 , volume of 2nd cake = 14674.585 radius of 3rd cake = 25.11 , volume of 3rd cake = 11886.414 radius of 4th cake = 22.599 , volume of 4th cake = 9627.995

18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995,. . . a = 18116.772, ratio, r = T2 T1 = T3 T2 = . . . = 0.81

The volumes of the cake form a Geometrical Progression (G.P)

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(b)the maximum number of cakes that the bakery needs to bake.

( ))

Sn =

Sn = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81

57000 = 1 0.81n = 0.59779 0.40221 = 0.81n Log0.81 0.40221 = n n=
( ) ) ))

n = 4.322 therefore, n = 4

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REFLECTION
From this 2011 Additional Mathematics Module, I learnt how to apply and adapt variety of problem solving strategies to solve routine and non-routine problems. Besides that, I am also experiences classroom environment which are challenging, interesting and meaningful to me and hence improve my thinking skill. On top of that, I am experiencing classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving my real-life problems. I am also realise that how Mathematics is important in my life and powerful tool in solving my real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards Mathematics. I am also learnt how to use nowadays technology especially ICT appropriately and effectively Last but not least, now, I realize the importance and beauty of Mathematics.

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