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MS-WORD
INTRODUCTION
Microsoft Word is a popular word-processing program designed by Microsoft. It is used for creating documents such as letters, brochures, learning activities, tests, quizzes and students' homework assignments.

Opening Microsoft Word

In order to run Word on your computer, go to: Start >> Programs >>Microsoft Office >> Microsoft Office Word 2003

Figure: 1

If there is an icon of Microsoft Word available on your desktop (shaped like a square with a "W" in the middle), you can open up the program by double-clicking it, as well.

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[micku ] A brief explanation of the word window is shown below:

Figure: 2

Title Bar: Displays the document name followed by a program name. Menu Bar: Contains a list of options to manage and customize documents. Standard Toolbar: Contains shortcut buttons for the most popular commands. Formatting Toolbar: Contains buttons used for formatting. Ruler: Used to set margins, indents, and tabs. Insertion Point: The location where the next character appears. End-of-Document Marker: Indicates the end of the document.

[micku ] Help: Provides quick access to Help topics. Scroll bars: Used to view parts of the document. Status Bar: Displays position of the insertion point and working mode buttons. Task Pane: Provides easy access to commonly used menus, buttons and tools. View Buttons: Changes the layout view of the document to Normal View, Web Layout View, Reading Layout View, Print Layout View, or Outline View. Office Assistant: Links to the Microsoft Office Help feature.

Standard Toolbar
Word allows all toolbars to be customized, so you may not find all options listed here. There are several buttons that may or may not appear immediately in your version of Word. Use the following graphic as a guide to the Standard Toolbar.

Figure: 3

1. New Blank Document: To begin a new document, click on the New Blank Document icon, shaped like a blank sheet of paper. 2. Open: Clicking on this icon opens up a previously saved document on your computer. 3. Save: Clicking on this icon saves the document you are currently working on. If you are saving a document for the first time, you can click on this button. However, if you want to save a new file from a preexisting document, then you must go to the menu bar and select, File >> Save As and give the file a new name. When working on any document, you should be sure to save frequently, so that you don't lose any work.

[micku ] 4. Permission: Microsoft has enabled Information Rights Management (IRM) within the new version of Word, which can help protect sensitive documents and e-mail messages from being copied, edited or forwarded by unauthorized people. 5. Print: Clicking on the Print icon automatically prints the document currently active in Word. If you wish to explore more print options, then go to the menu bar and select, File >> Print. 6. Print Preview: To get an idea of the appearance of your document in print before you actually print it out, you can click on this icon to view your document from a zoom-out distance. 7. Spelling and Grammar: Clicking begins a review of your document in search of spelling and grammatical errors that may need to be corrected. 8. Research: With the Microsoft Office System, you can quickly reference information online and on your computer without leaving your Office program. You can easily insert definitions, and other research information into your document 9. Copy: Copy the current selection to the clipboard, which can then be pasted elsewhere in the document, or into a completely separate program/document. 10. Paste: Clicking on the Paste button inserts the text that has been most recently added to the Clipboard (the text would have been added there by Cutting or Copying). With Paste, you can either insert the copied text into a document or replace selected text. 11. Undo Typing: The Undo Typing button goes back and removes the last addition or change made to your document. 12. Insert Hyperlink: You may find that you want to make links to a particular web site, web page, or some other kind of online file in your Word document. Using the Insert Hyperlink button, you can turn selected text into hyperlinks. When the icon is clicked, a window will appear that will allow you to insert the URL (web address) of the web page you want to link to. You can type in the URL yourself or insert a preexisting bookmark. Once the link is inserted, the link in your Word document can be clicked and the web page will open up in a web browser.

[micku ] 13. Insert Table: When this icon is clicked, a small window will appear in the form of a grid of squares. Use this window as a guide to indicate how many rows and columns you would like your table to contain. Once selected, a table will automatically appear in Word. Clicking the Tables and Borders button will allow you to modify the table. To modify an aspect of the table, select, or place the cursor in, the area and apply changes such as borders and colors.

Formatting Toolbar
Word allows all toolbars to be customized, so you may not find all options listed here. There are several buttons that may or may not appear immediately in your version of Word. Use the following graphic as a guide to the Formatting Toolbar.

Figure: 4

1. Style: Styles in Word are used to quickly format portions of text. For example, you could use the Normal or Default Paragraph Font for the body text in a document. There are also three preset styles made for headings. 2. Font: Font is a simple but important factor in Word documents. To apply a font to text, select desired text with your cursor, and choose a font from the font drop down menu. 3. Font Size: You may encounter times in which you need to display some text larger or smaller than other text. Selecting desired text with the cursor and choosing a font size from the drop down menu changes the size of text.

[micku ] 4. Bold: Places the text in bold. 5. Italic: Places the text in italics. 6. Underline: Underlines the text. 7. Align Left: Aligns the selection to the left of the screen/paper. 8. Center: Aligns the selection to the center of the screen/paper. 9. Align Right: Aligns the selection to the right of the screen/paper. 10. Justify: Aligns the selection to both the left and right of the screen/paper. 11. Line Spacing: Adjust the line spacing (single-spaced, double-spaced, etc.) 12. Numbering: Create a numbered list. 13. Bullets: Create an unordered, bulleted list. 14. Decrease Indent: Decreases the indentation (the space left between the margin and the starting position of a line) of the current selection (to the left). 15. Increase Indent: Increases the indentation of the current selection (to the right). 16. Outside Border: Places a border around the current selection; click the drop-down for a wide selection of bordering options. 17. Highlight: Highlight the current selection; default color is yellow. 18. Font Color: Change the font color; the default/automatic color is black.

FILE MENU Making a New Blank Document

When Word is opened, a new blank document should automatically open. If not, then you can begin a new blank document in a variety of ways. First, click on the New Blank Document icon, which looks like a blank sheet of paper, in the Standard Toolbar. Click on the icon to bring up a new blank document. Also, you can go to the Menu Bar and select: File >> New (Shortcut: Ctrl+N) To begin typing, just click the cursor anywhere within the new blank document.

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Opening a Document
In order to open to view, edit, or print a document, you must first open up that file in Word. You can open a file by clicking on the Open folder icon (with a picture of a folder) located in the standard toolbar. You can also use the Menu Bar and navigate to: File >> Open (Shortcut: Ctrl+O)

Saving a Document
When you are working with any sort of media in any software, you should be sure to save your work often. In Word, there are numerous options for saving documents in a variety of file types. To save a new, unsaved document, you can click on the Save icon, shaped like a disk located on the standard toolbar. You can also go to the Menu Bar and select: File >> Save (Shortcut: Ctrl+S) A dialogue box, as shown in the figure: 5, will appear, offering you a number of options. To save the document in the desired location on your computer, locate and select the folder on your computer. Give your document a name in the file name text box. Please note that it's good practice not to use spaces or special characters in file names. To save a completely new document using previously existing (and opened) text, you use the Save As option. Open the document that you wish to save as an entirely new file, go to the Menu Bar, and click on: File >> Save as In the file name text box, give your document a new name. Using this option allows you to save multiple versions (with different file names) of a document based on one original file.

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Figure: 5

Closing a Document
To close a word document, go to the Menu Bar and click: File >> Close (Shortcut: Alt+F4)

You can also click on the Close Button (x) to close the document.

EDIT MENU Undo

The Undo command lets you undo or delete the last change made to your document. As you can imagine, this is a very useful feature. If you make a change or mistake that you do not want or did not mean to do, you can simply undo your action. To undo, on the Menu Bar, click on: Edit>>Undo (Shortcut: Ctrl + Z) You can also undo all your recent actions by repeatedly clicking the Undo button located on the Standard Toolbar.

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Cut, Copy & Paste

Often in word processing, you will need to transfer information from one document to another. Instead of having to re-type or replace this information, word allows you to move a block of text (a word, sentence, paragraph, page, document, or graphic).Cut, Copy and Paste are extremely time-saving features. The Cut, Copy and Paste buttons are located on the Standard Toolbar. You can Copy information from many different sources including Websites, Emails, and other Office applications like Excel and PowerPoint. The Cut feature allows you to remove selected text from the document and temporarily place it on the Office Clipboard. (The Clipboard is a temporary storage file in your computer's memory. Items placed on the Clipboard will remain there until you exit Word). The Copy feature allows you to copy selected text from the document and temporarily place it on the Clipboard. The Paste feature allows you to get text from the Clipboard and place it in the same or even another document. To cut, copy or paste, go to the menu bar and click on: Edit >>Cut (Shortcut: Ctrl + X) Edit >> Copy (Shortcut: Ctrl + C) Edit >> Paste (Shortcut: Ctrl + V)

SPELL AND GRAMMAR CHECK

Not only does Word allow you to Undo possible mistakes in your document and Paste corrections, it also automatically reviews your grammar and spelling as you type. Green wavy lines are placed underneath possible grammar mistakes and a red wavy line under possible spelling mistakes. All of Word's grammar and spelling errors may not be correct, so you can choose to ignore these error markings and keep typing, or you can correct the mistakes and/or add the corrections to Word's dictionary. To do the same,

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[micku ] you can click on the Spelling and Grammar button on the Standard Toolbar or go to the Menu Bar and click: Tools >> Spelling and Grammar (Shortcut: F7)

FORMAT MENU Line & Paragraph Spacing

To access the paragraph formatting options, navigate to the Menu Bar and click on: Format >> Paragraph A window will appear with options for modifying spacing and indenting. Here, you can choose to make the text in your document single or double spaced, as well as edit the margins for the document. You can also right-click within a paragraph to select the same.

Figure: 6

Bullets & Numbering

Word lets you make two types of lists - bulleted and numbered. Bulleted and numbered lists help to simplify steps or items to the reader. A bullet is usually a black circle but it can

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[micku ] be any other symbol used to highlight items in a list. Use bullets to list items that do not have to be in any particular order. Numbers (or letters) are used when information has to be in a certain order. You can use the default Bullets and Numbering settings by clicking on the appropriate button on the Formatting Toolbar. You can also view the type of bullets and numbers available by selecting the Menu Bar and clicking on: Format >> Bullets and Numbering

Figure: 7

COLUMNS
Columns are mainly used for writing text in news paper format.Text in newsletter-style columns flows from one column to the next on the same page. 1. Switch to print layout view. 2. Select the text you want to format in columns: 3. An entire document

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[micku ] On the Edit menu, click Select All. Part of the document Select the text. Existing sections 4 Click in a section or select multiple sections. On the Standard toolbar, click Columns. Drag to select the number of columns you want.

TABLE MENU
Creating documents using Microsoft Word allows for the manipulation and display of text and other information. Tables, which are made up of rows and columns that form cells, can be utilized to organize information in your document. In order to begin working with tables, you must first open up a document in Word. You can either start a new blank document (File >> New, or Ctrl+N), or open up a previously saved document from your computer (File >> Open, or Ctrl+O). Once the file is opened in Word, you can insert a table. Creating a Table There are different methods you can use to insert a table into your Word document. If you are less experienced with tables, go to the Menu Bar and select: Table>>Insert>>Table After you make this selection, the Insert Table window will pop up.

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Figure: 8

Input the necessary information needed to create your table. Decide on a number of rows and columns. AutoFit refers to the space that the table takes up in your document. If you want to give equal width to all the columns in your table, set the Fixed column width to Auto. When you have decided on all of your table options, click on the OK button. The table will then be automatically inserted into your document. Otherwise, you can use Draw Table which lets you make a table by scratch by drawing it freehand using the Draw Table tool. To proceed this way, go to the Menu Bar and click: Table >> Draw Table Once this is selected, the Tables and Borders Toolbar (shown below) will pop up.

Figure: 9

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[micku ] Click on the first icon on this toolbar, the Draw Table tool, to begin drawing a table. Then, navigate to the location in your document where you want to draw your table. Using the Draw Table tool, click and drag to form the outside border of the table, determining its width. When you are finished, let go of the mouse button so that the outside border of the table can be rendered. You can draw rows and columns by using the Draw Table tool to draw vertical lines to create columns, and horizontal lines to form rows. Continue to draw your table as you see fit. Inserting Text and Content into a Table To begin adding text to a table, click your cursor in the cell where you want the text to be placed. Begin typing (or paste text from another source) into the cell. To move from one cell to another, hit the Tab button on your keyboard, and continue typing in the cell as needed. You can format the text within the cell using the Formatting Toolbar, just as you would edit any other text in Word.

Move a Table To move an entire table to a new location in your document, move your cursor over the table until you see the icon that appears in the upper left-hand corner of the table, shaped like a square with crosshair arrows inside.

Figure: 10

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[micku ] When you see this appear, click on it. You will see that it selects the entire table. With the table selected, you can drag it to any new place in your document. Change Row/Column Height/Widths If you need to increase or decrease the height or width of a row or column, you can do so by clicking and dragging the borders of rows or columns. Drag the borders until you create the desired amount of space between rows or columns.

Table Properties At any time, you are free to change the properties of your table. Right-click inside of any table and select Table Properties. A new window with four tabs will appear. Within these tabs, you can adjust every minor detail about the table including alignment, spacing, text wrapping etc.

Figure: 11

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INSERT MENU
In order to insert Clip Art, AutoShapes, WordArt, Organization Chart, Chart etc or your own images to the word document, in the Menu Bar go to: Insert >> Picture From there, choose the form of graphic you would like to add. Some of the popular types of graphics are: Clip Art - consists of a series of images that are built into the Word application. AutoShapes - are a set of different shapes including lines, circles, squares, stars and arrows that you can alter to suit your individual needs. WordArt - allows you to insert text in a variety of colors and designs. From File - to add your own images, by browse and select your file. Chart to create charts such as bar chart or pie chart.

MAIL MERGE (Refer note.)

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MS-EXCEL
INTRODUCTION
Microsoft Excel is one of the most versatile, widespread and popular spreadsheet programs. It can easily perform simple as well as complex mathematical operations. Spreadsheet is a simple worksheet consisting of rows and columns in which any data can be entered. Spreadsheets allow us to organize information in rows and tables (which create cells), with the added bonus of automatic mathematics.

Starting Microsoft Excel

Start >> Programs >> Microsoft Office >> Microsoft Office Excel 2003

Cell
A Spreadsheet consists of rows and columns which combine to form cells. Columns form the vertical lines of cells while rows form the horizontal lines of cells. The intersection of a column & a row is called as a cell. Each cell has a name called cell address. The cell address consists of the column letter and a row number.

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[micku ] Eg: The first cell is represented with first column A & 1st row number as 1.Therefore first cell address may be A1.

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[micku ] Similarly B3 A
1 2 3 4 5

B3

First cell is also called as Home cell. The last cell address is 1V65536 (column IV & row 65536). Total cell in a worksheet may be 256 * 65536(total no of columns * rows). At a time only one cell must be active and the cell address is displayed on the name box. A thick black border indicates the active cell. Any cell can be made active by clicking on that cell.

Navigate Worksheet

To move to any cell of any worksheet of an open workbook, the mouse can be used. To scroll through different part of the work sheet, drag the scroll box in the scroll bars or click on the arrow marks in the scroll bars. To go to different sheets in the work books, click on the desired sheet name in the sheet tab.

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[micku ] To go to a desired cell, or select Edit>Go To type the desired cell address in the reference box (Eg: D7) and click on ok. OR Click on the name box, type the desired cell address and press enter.

Save, Close, New & Open Option

Save the Workbook To save the workbook, use any one of the following method. Select File > Save Press ctrl + S Click on save icon in the standard tool bar File saved as .XLS Close the Workbook To close the open workbook, select File > Close. Create a New Workbook To open a new workbook, use any one of the methods. Select File > New Press Ctrl +N Click on New icon in standard toolbar New dialog box will appear select work book and click on OK button Open a Workbook To open an existing workbook, use any one of the following methods, Select File > Open Press Ctrl + O Click on Open icon in the standard tool bar

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Enter and Edit Data

Any entry can be made in the active cell. Entries can be of 4 different types. They are:Text - Text in a cell can include any combinations of letters, numbers, and keyboard symbols. A cell can contain 32000 characters. Numbers - Numbers include digits from 0 to 9 and some special characters like $, %, +, -, /, (). Date and Time are stored in numbers. If 8-15 is entered in a cell, excel will display it as aug -15.

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[micku ] Logical Values - Logical entries, TRUE & FALSE (upper case only) can be entered in the cells. Formulas - Formulas are entered into the cell to perform calculations. A formula begins with an equal sign (=). After completing the formula will be displayed in the formula will be displayed in the formula bar.

To make any entry in the Cell

Make the cell active (select the cell) by click on the cell or by pressing arrow keys. Type the content of cell Press enter or press the arrow keys or click on any other cell to complete the entry.

To edit the Cell Content

Press F2 function key/double click on the cell, make the correction & press enter. Click on the formula bar, make the correction & press enter. To delete cell content, click on the cell and press delete.

Range of Cell
Range is a group of cells (also called as a block) selected generally to make the cell formatting. To specify a range of cell using the middle of the cell(the mouse pointer should return to + symbol). E.g. E4 to E7 are selected A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ITEM MOUSE KBOARD HARDISK B QNTY 10 75 5 C RATE 450 650 8500 D E F VALUE DISCNT 4500 48750 42500

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Methods to select a range of Cells

Click on a cell and holding down the left mouse button, drag the mouse pointer across different cells and release the mouse button. Press Ctrl key & drag from the middle of the cell. To block the cells in a row, click on the row number in the left side of work sheet. To block the cells in a column, click on the column header at the top of the work sheet. To select entire work sheet Ctrl+A.

Inserting Cells, Columns and Rows

To insert cells, columns and rows Right click mouse Click insert, an insert dialog box will be displayed with following option. Shift cells right - Insert a new cell and existing cells will be shifted to the right. Shift cells down - Insert a new cell and existing cells will be shifted down Entire row - To insert a new blank row, place your cursor directly below where you would like a new row. Select Insert >> Rows. Entire column - To insert a new column, place the cursor in a cell directly to the right of where you would like the column. Select Insert >> Columns.

Exit from Excel

Click on close button on upper-right corner of the excel workspace. Choose File-->Exit

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Entering & Copying the Formula

A formula begins with = sign, Eg : 7 % of 2400 Type it as =2400 * 7 % and press enter. The formula result 168 will be displayed in the cell. The formula can also be entered by using the cell address. In the above e.g. Value = Quantity * Rate

D = A 1 2 3 4 5 B C

* D

C E DISCNT 90 975 850

ITEM QNTY MOUSE 10 KBOARD 75 HDISK 5

RATE 450 650 8500

VALUE =B2*C2 =B3*C3 =B4*C4

E2=D2*2%, E3=D3*2%, E4=D4*2% Another example:

"92.67" was not entered as the contents for cell "E2." The "formula bar" has the following entered into it: =(B2+C2+D2)/3.

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By following the normal order of operations, the contents of the three cells in parenthesis (B2, C2, and D2) are all added to each other, and then divided by 3. This gives an average of the three grades, which is then shown in the cell "E2". An easy method to replicate formulas is to select the cell which contains the original formula ("E2" in this case), click the bottom right corner of the selection box, and drag down several rows (to "E6" in this example).

Cell References
When typing the cell address in the formula, three types of references can be used. A cell reference specifies when the formula is copied to other cells, its columns or row number is to change or not.

Reference Type Relative reference Absolute reference Mixed reference

Format =B3*C3 =$B$3*$C$3 =B3*$C3

Relative Reference If a formula with relative reference is copied. The cell references used in the formula will automatically change in the copied cell.

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[micku ] For eg: when the formula = B3 * C3 in cell D3 is copied to D4, the formula will be = B4 * C4 in the cell D4. Similarly, if the formula in D3 is copied to E3, the formula will be = C3 * D3.

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[micku ] Absolute Reference If the formula with absolute reference is copied, the cell reference used in the formula remains unchanged (no changes in column or row number).To achieve this, use $ symbol before the column letter and the row number. Eg: when the formula=$B$3 * $C$3 in cell D3 is copied to D4, the formula will be= $B$3 * $C$3 itself because both column letter and row number are made constant. That means the result in the cell D3 and D4 will be the same. Mixed Reference If a formula with mixed reference is copied, the cell references used the formula will change either the column letter or row number but not both of them. To achieve this, use $ symbol before the column letter or the row number. Eg: when the formula= B$3 * C$3 in the cell D3 is copied to D4, it will be=B$3 * C$3. But if the formula is copied to the cell E3,it will be =C$3 * D$3 because the row numbers are made constant and not the column letters. To calculate a discount @ 2% on value type the formula=D3 * 2% in E3 or if 2% is written in any cell ( in cell E1 as given below ) type =D3$E$1 and copy it to other cells. ($E$1 is an absolute reference and when the formula is copied to other cells both column letter and row number will remain unchanged). To calculate the net value, type =D3 E3 in F3 & copy it to other cells. It uses relative reference.

Sorting
Arrange data so that it is easier to analyze. We can sort the selected data in ascending or descending order, or we can temporarily filter specific values. To sort data, Right click Mouse--> Click Sort --> A dialog box will be displayed with following option: Sort A to Z Sort Z to A

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[micku ] For example, sort the grades of all students in descending order. For that First, lets select the information we want to sort.

Now lets select the Sort option from the Data menu.

A new window will appear asking how you would like to sort the information. Lets sort it by the average grade, which is in Column E; be sure to set by Descending order. If there were other criteria you wished to sort by as secondary measures, you could do so; lets select Then by as Grade 3 just for the practice of doing so (Descending order, as well).

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[micku ] Excel will sort your information with the specifications you entered. The results should look something like this:

Cell Formatting
By default, Excel will leave as many decimal points as possible within the cells width restraints; as you increase the cells width, the number of decimal points increases.

Select Cells from the Format menu. A new window will appear with a wide variety of ways in which to customize your spreadsheets.

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For example, if we wanted to set the percentages fixed to only two decimal points, you can make this selection under the Number category within the Number tab. You can also set the formatting for things such as the date, time, currency, etc. The Font tab will also allow you to change the default font used on the spreadsheet. The other tabs provide even more ways to customize your spreadsheet and its appearance; experiment with the settings to see what works best for you.

Functions in Excel - Use of Statistical Tools in Excel

SUM ( ) It is a mathematical function used to add the numeric value in a range of cells. A maximum of 30 arguments can be provided. Syntax: =SUM (RANGE) Eg: =SUM(C5:C10)--> Total of numbers in the range C5 to C10. =SUM(C5:C10,D5:D10)--> Total of numbers in the range C5 to C10 and D5 to D10. =SUM(C5,C7,C10,D5)--> Total of numbers in the range C5,C7,C10 and D5. AVERAGE ( )

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[micku ] It is a statistical function which is used to calculate and returns the average(Arithmetic Mean) of the numeric values in the range of cells. Syntax: =AVERAGE(RANGE) Eg: =AVERAGE(C5:C10)-->Average of numbers in the range C5 to C10. =AVERAGE(C5:C10,D5:D10)-->Average of numbers in the range C5 to C10 & D5 to D10. =AVERAGE(C5,C7,C10,D5)--> Average of numbers in the range C5,C7,C10 and D5. MAX ( ) It is a statistical function which is used to calculate the largest value in the range. Syntax: =MAX(RANGE) Eg: =MAX(C5:C10)-->Highest value in the range C5 to C10. =MAX(C5:C10,D5:D10)-->Highest value in the range C5 to C10 & D5 to D10. =MAX(C5,C7,C10,D5)--> Highest value in the range C5,C7,C10 and D5.

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[micku ] MIN ( ) It is a statistical function which is used to calculate the lowest value in the range. Syntax: =MIN(RANGE) Eg: =MIN(C5:C10)-->Lowest value in the range C5 to C10. =MIN(C5:C10,D5:D10)--> Lowest value in the range C5 to C10 & D5 to D10. =MIN(C5,C7,C10,D5)--> Lowest value in the range C5,C7,C10 and D5. MEDIAN ( ) It is a statistical function which returns the median of the given numbers. The median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers. Syntax:=MEDIAN(number1,number2,...) Where number1, number2, ... are 1 to 255 numbers for which you want the median. Example - Median
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Formula =MEDIAN(A2:A6) Description (Result) Median of the first 5 numbers in the list above (3) =MEDIAN(A2:A7)

Median of all the numbers above, or the average of 3 and 4 (3.5)

MODE ( )

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[micku ] It is a statistical function returns the most frequently occurring, or repetitive, value in the range of data. Syntax:=MODE(number1,number2,...) number1, number2, ... are 1 to 255 arguments for which you want to calculate the mode. Example - Mode
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data 5.6 4 4 3 2 4 Formula =MODE(A2:A7) Description (Result)

Mode,

or

most

frequently

occurring number above (4)

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Preparation of Graphs
Chart Wizard Excel allows you to create basic to intermediate charts based off of information and data within your spreadsheets. Lets create a column chart from the student grade data from before. First, highlight the data.

Next, select Chart from the Insert menu.

A new window will appear asking which type of chart you would like to create. For this example, lets do a basic pie chart. Select Column from the Chart Type on the left side, and pick the first sub-type on the right (a normal, 2D column chart).

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Click Next. In this window, youll be asked to select your data range; this is the area of your spreadsheet that you wish to generate a chart from. Since youve already selected the area before, it should already be entered into the appropriate area. Series in allows you to choose by which value you want to arrange the chart. Lets arrange it by rows; this will break it down by Grade (such as Test 1, Test 2, etc.) and comparing the student scores next to each other.

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[micku ] Click Next. In step three you can give the chart a name (Chart Title), label the X and/or Y axis, etc.

Axes Charts typically have two axes used to categorize and measure data: a category (x) axis and a value (y) axis. To add an axis title: Click the chart to which you want to add a title. On the Chart menu, click Chart Options, and then click the Titles tab. Click in the appropriate box for each axis title you want to add (for example, to add a title to the category axis, click in the Category (X) axis box), and then type the text you want. Gridlines By using this procedure we want to apply a pattern, or change the line width or border style etc. Lines you can add to a chart that make it easier to view and evaluate data. Gridlines extend from the tick marks on an axis across the plot area. Click the chart to which you want to add gridlines. On the Chart menu, click Chart Options, and then click the Gridlines tab. Select or clear the check boxes for the gridlines you want to display or hide.

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Legends A box that identifies the patterns or colors that are assigned to the data series or categories in a chart. Legend represents whether the data used to represent chart may be placed on either top, bottom, corner, left, right. To represent legend Click the chart to which you want to add a legend. On the Chart menu, click Chart Options, and then click the Legend tab. Select the Show legend check box. Data Labels A label that provides additional information about a data marker, which represents a single data point or value that originates from a worksheet cell. It represents the series name, category name and value. Data Table A grid that can be added to some charts and contains the numeric data used to create the chart. The data table usually is attached to the category axis of the chart.

Click Next. The final step will ask whether you want the chart as an object in your current spreadsheet or in a new one; generally, you will place it within the same spreadsheet.

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Click Finish, and your chart will appear in your spreadsheet!

Similarly we can prepare Line chart, Pie chart, Bar chart.

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