Networks: Perspectives and Analysis in the Future Internet

Dr. Falk von Bornstaedt, Certainties and Change for the Socio-Economic Deutsche Telekom, Brussels, June 20th, 2012. Future Internet
2.11.2011 1

Understanding QoS.

Title. Subtitle.

I pay 13 for WLAN in the hotel

and get only 2MByte in 40 minutes

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So I watch the city panorama. No QoS either only fog!

In air travel, we are spending 1000s of to get better quality.

But we do not have a similar option for the Internet!

Thats how we like it: NO CONGESTION!

But the reality is often more like this! Solution? Add some lanes!

Well, are you sure that many lanes will indeed solve the problem?

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24 lanes will definitely solve the problem!

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The Need for QoS.

QoS becomes increasingly important for the Internet.

Example: sea-cable interruptions.

Taiwan, 12/2006

Alexandria, 1/2008

3 sea cables broke. Egypt lost 90% of its internet

Sicily, 12/2008

March 05, 2010, TMCnet Four Undersea Cables Damaged as a Result of Thursday's Earthquake in Taiwan At least four undersea fiber-optic telecommunications cables were damaged as a result of the 6.4-magnitude earthquake and aftershocks that rocked Taiwan on Thursday.

Source: Renesys, et. al.

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Internet traffic is growing rapidly. Real Time Entertainment driving up network costs. Growth of Evening peak drives network cost.

traffic growth ca.50% YoY, constant network upgrades needed QoS helps Telcos to achieve higher network utilization Real-Time Entertainment = primary driver of network capacity requirements, accounting for 60% of peak downstream traffic. Subscriber usage is becoming increasingly concentrated in a smaller band of the evening, driving up network costs. (source: Sandvine) 13
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A typical daily traffic profile shows severe variations. Moving elastic traffic into the off-peak periods can significantly reduce cost.
Can the peak be moved?

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Examples for elastic and inelastic services.

Elastic
Communication services Instant messaging E-cards Internet surfing Online address book

Inelastic
VoIP solutions Web conferencing systems Video chat Unified communication

Money/goods transfer

Online booking and reservations Online shopping search and cataloguing Online banking: basic (not time critical) payment

Internet auctions Online market place (stock, trade platforms...)

Video based and streaming services

Basic VoD (if sufficient bandwidth available) Internet radio: download (on demand) based services (e.g., audio files of former radio programmes)

All kind of IPTV business models (traditional, over the top TV,...)

Web 2.0 applications

Blogging Online social networking/ communities File/photo sharing or photo streaming Online voting

Live video streaming (user generated)

IT world/business applications

Basic CRM, ERP etc. services if sufficient bandwidth available: no demand in interactivity or other inelastic features Security: Online back up/storage Telemetry: location-based services, city maps/guides

Cloud Computing/SaaS: Web services for developers, business collaboration applications, desktop applications, ERP, virtual office, virtual data centre Online recovery & storage services

Gaming

Online games: basic single player web-based games or life-simulation games (e.g. The Second Life, The Sims)

MMO (massive multiplayer online games)

Non IT/telecom related content

E-Government: online voting and information download E-health: News/information download or broadcast E-Learning: Digital libraries (e-book/digital magazine) Online directories, job search, news

First aid booths (with video phone, tele-metering) Medical data exchange Online academic and research networks

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Defining QoS.

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Quality of Service (QoS) vs. Quality of Experience (QoE).

User and provider perspectives.
Content Service creation Quality elements System / Service User Service consumption Quality elements

Quality of Service (QoS)

Quality of Experience (QoE)

QoS helps to guarantee certain characteristics of network and service performance, e.g., bandwidth, maximum delay. For the user, however, only the perceived Quality (QoE) counts Provisioning of QoE instead of QoS desirable Prediction and Modelling of QoE is necessary

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Quality of Experience (QoE).

Proposed definitions.
ITU-T Rec. P.10 (2007): Quality of Experience (QoE): The overall acceptability of an application or service, as perceived subjectively by the end user. Includes the complete end-to-end system effects May be influenced by user expectations and context Dagstuhl Seminar "From Quality of Service to Quality of Experience (2009) Quality of Experience (QoE): Degree of delight of the user of a service. In the context of communication services, it is influenced by content, network, device, application, user expectations and goals, and context of use.

ITU-T Rec. E.800, 1994 Quality of Service (QoS): "The collective effect of objective service performance which ultimately determines the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service.
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Innovation in video streaming is just one example to show that any static definition or regulation of QoS is soon overtaken by reality.
Innovation impacts QoS
Trends Video on mobile devices become daily life service, supporting HD and 3D TV Further dimensions like 3D and holography, new applications like FreeViewpointTV Hi-Resolution screen already in the market (e.g. iPhone 4G), Micro projectors coming Consequence" Innovations and digitization give rise to new technologies/ applications, whose QoS demands cannot be forecasted accurately QoS parameters like bandwidth, delay, jitter and packetcan guarantee QoS Enablers loss can only be predicted at clusterfor inelastic network performance levels with imprecision services, which in turn real-time IP improves QoE

Mbit/s
500 50 40 30 20 10 0 0,2
MobileT V Factor 4,4 Factor 222 by 2014 by 2018

500,0 50,0

30,0

12,0 1,1 4,0

S D

6,0

8,0

0,7

1,0

MobileH YouTubeH Mobile D D 3D

Mobile handset resolution TV full HD resolution

PC Cloud Gaming

H D

HD2 k

HD4 k

3DH D

Holograph ic

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Telcos can offer QoS guarantees.

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IPX distribute and receive all applications across different provider networks.
Prepare for the next dimension of all-IP communications
Content provider
Streaming Game Hosting

Mobile operator
Internet Streaming Applications, RCSe = Rich Communication Suite (enhanced)

Seamless service across all provider networks

Voice Data

IP eXchange (IPX)
Internet Streaming Applications

Guaranteed end-to-end QoS for all services

Voice

MMS

Mobile operator

ISP
Gaming

Fixed voice carrier

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From a large variety of Telcos Internet-related assets, Quality of Service (QoS) can be a significant one.
Top-level View
Content Commerce Communication

Enabler-based Service Delivery

Application Enablers
Address Book Personal Storage Hosting Presence Recomand Location mendation Search Calendar

Service Exposure

Service Creation & Execution

Service Composition

Session Control Network Presence Device Location Distribution based Control Authenticatio n Networkbased QoS Mgmt Messaging Camera Device Status Contacts Remote Device Management

Enabler Portfolio
(exemplary)
Social Media Identity Network Storage Mgmt. Services Services Services Web Web Content Web Services Commerce Communicati on

Network Enablers Network-

Charging

Billing Payment

Identity User Profile Management Management

IT Enablers

Web Enablers

Widget Management

Terminal Enablers

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Cloud Computing comprises SaaS, PaaS , IaaS among others.

SaaS - Software-as-aService Customer Web Applications PaaS - Platform-as-aService Functional services IaaS - Infrastructure-as-aService Virtual machines

Industry-specific

Database abstraction

Enterprise Web Applications

Application hosting

Computation services

Cloud Computing refers to services which offer on-demand access based on infrastructure owned and operated by 3rd parties.

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Cloud Services also require cross-carrier QoS to span production, delivery and consumption domains.
Production Software/Platforms
QoS is determined by each component and through their interplay.
Com

Delivery

Consumption

Wireless
loss cket Pa Ban dwid th
Jitter

Smartphone

Me

put e mory

t lo acke P
Ban

ss

Network

dwid th

Data centre the Cloud

Jitter

Content Delivery Network Network Quality of Service

Home device

Browser

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Potential for Cloud QoS management exists across production, delivery and consumption domains. However, Telcos can significantly impact delivery domain through QoS management.
Production

Delivery

Optimize the software architecture for delivery from the cloud, enabling global distribution and thereby faster delivery. Set up data centers so that computing resources can be provisioned and combined in a flexible way. Thereby, resources are available to web applications as needed, reducing bottlenecks. Create content/application delivery networks adapted to Cloud offerings. Offer interface for web applications to set network QoS parameters. This specifically involves QoS handover at peering points, QoS management for the last mile and QoS management in radio cells. Transcode content for mobile consumption, e.g. video transcoding for YouTube. Optimize smart phone operating systems for business requirements, enable them to manage network QoS. Speed up web browsers (not Telco business).

Consumption

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Concept of inter-carrier Quality of Service.

QoS regime
QoS interconnection

Internet regime
Possible Bottleneck

Alternative network

Class A Class B Class C Best Effort

Deutsche Telekom

Alternative network

QoS Company Connect

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QoS support mechanisms a comparison.

Over-provisioning

DiffServ

IntServ

Carriers have to invest in their networks frequently Needs a lot of resources Not a solution for cases like broken sea cables

Every package includes a quality class Differentiated services Good scalability Better guarantee than over-provisioning Seems to get the standard

Every connection gets a quality class No differentiation between services Easy to implement High overhead

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Will QoS work in multi-carrier scenarios?

payment no payment, no quality? payment

Content

NA

NB NC

Paid relationship: Receiver of money will guarantee quality

Unpaid relationship: no SLA for quality

End user eyeball

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EU project: Economics and Technologies for InterCarrier Services (ETICS).

ETICS in a nutshell

3 Years: Jan. 2010 Dec. 2012 Consortium: 17 partners incl. technical experts and economists 6 EU Operators, 5 vendors, 6 acad. Advisory Panel: Other members of the value Chain: Vendor (Juniper), IT/ cloud infrastructure provider (Oxalya), Application Content Provider (Akama), Bill Norton (Dr. Peering) Participation of Deutsche Telekom: ICSS Telekom Innovation Laboratories
Main participants of EU-project ETICS:: Operators: BT, Deutsche Telekom (T-Labs & International Wholesale), Orange Labs, Telefonica I&D, Telenor Equipment-vendors: Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs France (project lead), Alcatel-Lucent Italy R&D Institutes: Forschungszentrum Telekommunikation Wien, Israel Institute of Technology Universities: Politecnico di Milano, Athens University of Economics and Business, Universit de Versailles

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Economics and Technologies for Inter-Carrier Services (ETICS).

Lost opportunities through current situation
No Sustainable Business Model Network: Undifferentiated Best Effort service No way to guaranty QoS-sensitive (higher revenue) services

Assured Service Quality not supported due to lack of E2E QoS agreements and business models. Uncertainty regarding strategies for new interprovider HQ services, QoS-differentiation and the economics of future options.

ETICS objectives

Propose new business, regulatory, pricing and accounting models for network interconnection services: Enabling the delivery of end-to-end multi-carrier network services supporting service differentiation. Allowing for a fair distribution of revenue shares among all the actors of the service delivery value-chain. Develop technical solutions to enforce the business QoS interconnect agreements on heterogeneous networks: Dynamic provisioning/configuration of network resources to provide soft & hard QoS assurance across carriers. SLA assurance processes to monitor contracts. Overall automated processes to ease the deployment of services. Experiment and test the feasibility of new interconnection models on lab platforms: Field Trials. Dissemination of the new proposed architectures and protocols toward standard bodies.

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ETICS Ecosystem.
SLA Request
ETICS Customer
(NSP, end user, Infsp)

N offers Order
NSP A

ETICS community
NSP B

ETICS architecture framework

ETICS community: Set of Network Service Providers (NSP) that support the ETICS architecture. Each NSP provides assured service quality (ASQ) connectivity products. A final ETICS community connectivity offer results from the stitching or the combination of per-NSP products. ETICS community customers can be: Network service providers End customer / business customer Content / Information service providers (e.g. OTTs)

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Summary and Conclusions.

Traffic Explosion and Price Decrease will continue

TrafficOld world in fixed and even more in mobile, driven by explosion video Over-provisioning will become very costly with flat end user revenues Congestion needs to be managed Todays internet discriminates against quality sensitive services QoS becoming more and more important

Smart networks needed

New and better services will emerge with QoS enabled networks Intra-Carrier QoS already existing at many networks Inter-Carrier QoS very challenging, expected within the next year End-to-End QoS is the final goal

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