EXEXUTIVE SUMMARY Investment can be defined the commitment of funds to one or more assets that will be held over

for some future time period. The field of investment traditionally divided into security analysis and portfolio management. The heart of security analysis is valuation of financial assets.

A portfolio is a bundle or a combination of individual assets or securities. The portfolio theory provides a normative approach to investors to make decisions to invest their wealth in assets or securities under risk. It is based after the assumption that investors are risk-

averse. This implies that investors hold well diversified portfolio instead of investing their entire wealth in a single or a few assets. One important conclusion of the

portfolio theory is that if the investor of the portfolio theory is that if the investor holds a well-diversified portfolio of assets then their concerns should be the expected rate of return and risk of the portfolio, rather than individual assets and the contribution of individual asset to the portfolio risk. The second assumption of the portfolio theory is that the returns of assets are normally distributed. This means that the mean and variance analysis is the foundation of the portfolio decisions. Sharpes model states that an individual securities has relationship with one common parameter of the market, i.e. index of the market. According to Sharpes concept, different securities in the market do not have any kind of direct relation with each other; instead, these have a link with the index of the market, which is representative of the entire market. There are stocks(shares) in the market, which show an upward movement as soon as market moves up and vice versa. Certain shares in the market have an opposite relationship with the whole market. This association of individual securities with the market is through the stock index of the market

Stock index (SENSEX) is representative of the market and every security has a relationship with this Index. This relationship can help in estimating and representing the returns of these securities. Unlike Markowitz, Sharpe does not believe in one to one relationship of individual securities. Sharpe was of the opinion that each security has an association with the market portfolio and the return of security find an association with the return of such portfolio. In the absence of market portfolio, a representative index of the market (like BSE Sensex or Nifty)
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may be used. The changes in the return of a security due to this association are termed as slope of the curve when plotted on a graph. This association is represented with the help of Beta. At the same time, each security has returns on account of the performance of the company and such returns are called non-systematic component of return; in technical jargon this is called Alpha component of the return. This alpha component represents minimum return from security when return on market portfolio or its representative index is zero.

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC OF STUDY Shapes Index model states that when market index rises the stock prices also rises and vice versa. The stock price is related to market index so this relationship can be used to estimate the return on stocks. In Sharpe's model association of individual securities/shares with the index of market is given importance, instead of correlation between securities. Only those securities are desirable in the portfolio, which have positive excess return over risk free return, All the securities for which excess return to beta ratio is more than the overall cut-off point-are included in the portfolio. Such portfolio is the efficient portfolio and generates the optimum returns. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM This projects major focuses are on observing the trends change due to market index and constructing efficient portfolio based on Shapes Index model. LITERATURE REVIEW Portfolio is a combination of securities such as stocks, bonds and money market instruments Portfolio returns come in the form of current income and capital gains. Current income includes dividends on stocks and interest payments on bonds. A capital gain or capital loss results when a security is sold, and is equal to the amount of the sale price minus the purchase price. The return of the portfolio is equal to the net of the capital gains or losses plus the current income for the holding period. Unrealized capital gains or losses on securities still held are also added to the return to evaluate the holding period return of the portfolio. The portfolio return is adjusted for the addition of funds and the withdrawal of funds to the portfolio, and is time-weighted according to the number of months that the funds were in the portfolio. A ratio developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, is the ratio of a portfolios total return minus the risk-free rate divided by the standard deviation of the portfolio, which is a measure of its risk. The Sharpe ratio is simply the risk premium per unit of risk, which is quantified by the standard deviation of the portfolio. Risk Premium = Total Portfolio Return Risk-free Rate Sharpe Ratio = Risk Premium / Standard Deviation of Portfolio

The risk-free rate is subtracted from the portfolio return because a risk-free asset, often exemplified by the T-bill, has no risk premium since the return of a risk-free asset is certain. Therefore, if a portfolios return is equal to or less than the risk-free rate, then it makes no sense to invest in the risky assets. Hence, the Sharpe ratio is a measure of the performance of the portfolio compared to the risk takenthe higher the Sharpe ratio, the better the performance and the greater the profits for taking on additional risk.

SHARPES SINGLE INDEX MODEL: Sharpes model favors that an individual securities has relationship with one common parameter of the market, i.e. index of the market. According to Sharpes concept, different securities in the market do not have any kind of direct relation with each other; instead, these have a link with the index of the market, which is representative of the entire market. There are stocks(shares) in the market, which show an upward movement as soon as market moves up and vice versa. Certain shares in the market have an opposite relationship with the whole market. This association of individual securities with the market is through the stock index of the market. Stock index (SENSEX) is representative of the market and every security has a relationship with this Index. This relationship can help in estimating and representing the returns of these securities. Unlike Markowitz, Sharpe does not believe in one to one relationship of individual securities. This association of individual securities with the index is represented with the help of beta and depending on the Beta value of the securities, these get classified into following three types : Defensive stock (shares) i.e. beta < 1 Neutral stock (shares) i.e. beta = 1 Aggressive stock (shares) i.e. beta >1 Defensive stock these are the shares that have beta value less than 1, which implies that these show a movement in the return at a slow pace as compared to the movement of overall

market. E.g. if a stock has beta of 0.75 than for every 1% change in the overall market this will show a movement of 0.75%. Neutral Stock these shares have a beta value of 1 which has an implication that these have the tendency to make a movement as good as that of the overall market. Aggressive Stocks such shares have the beta value more than 1 (beta >1) and these move at a faster pace then the movement of the overall market. E.g. if beta of a share is 1.45, then this will show a movement of 1.45% for every 1% movement in the overall index of the market. In this model, it is favored that returns and risk of a securities can be represented in the form of characteristic line, which implies the return and risk of securities can be bifurcated into two : Returns and risk on account of market-wide factors Systematic Factors Returns and risk on account of company-wide factors -Non-Systematic Factors

The model also advocated that an individual security is desirable only when its returns are in excess of the risk free returns. The excess returns of an individual security hold a relationship with the excess return on the market portfolio. In the absence of the market portfolio a representative index can be used to show this relationship. Returns and risk of individual securities fluctuate, depending upon the fluctuation in the market portfolio/ market index. This relationship can be used to create portfolio. the return of each individual security has two basic components i.e., systematic component and non-systematic component. Sharpe was of the opinion that each security has an association with the market portfolio and the return of security find an association with the return of such portfolio. In the absence of market portfolio, a representative index of the market (like BSE Sensex or Nifty) may be used. The changes in the return of a security due to this association are termed as slope of the curve when plotted on a graph. This association is represented with the help of Beta. At the same time, each security has returns on account of the performance of the company and such returns are called non-systematic component of
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return; in technical jargon this is called Alpha component of the return. This alpha component represents minimum return from security when return on market portfolio or its representative index is zero. Market Portfolio It is a portfolio in which all the securities of the market find exactly the same proportion in which these have a representation in the overall market capitalization. Portfolio created like this, represents the movement of whole of the market and Beta of such market portfolio is always 1. Such portfolio is the replication of the whole of the market and moves in alignment with the market. In the absence of such portfolio general index of the market, which is true representative of whole of the market, can be used, Systematic Risk By systematic risk, we mean the risk that arises on account of marketwide factors. This risk can never be eliminated because it is an inherent part of the market and investment activities. These risk factors affect all investment avenues. This model assumes that fluctuations in the value of stock relative to that of another do not depend on the characteristic of those two securities alone. The two securities are more apt to reflect a broader influence that might be described as general business conditions. Relationships between securities occur only through their individual relationship with some index. This relationship with the index is measured with the help of beta. Beta is a sensitivity measurement, representing volatility of the returns from a share, given particular changes in the overall market or index of the market. Non-systematic Risk This is such component of risk, which is on account of companywide factors or factors specific to a particular investment avenue. This part of the risk can either be eliminated completely with the help of diversification. Residual Error Returns By residual error returns, we mean the returns that arise on account of extraordinary event concerning the performance of a company. When these events are favoring the company, the effect is positive, otherwise it is negative. Residual error returns are positive when company declares bonus, merger, diversification or strategic alliance for the better. It will be negative when a sudden fall in the profits is observed, restrictions are applied on company or other negative aspects take place. It represents

decomposition of risk and return into its components; it is believed that both of these parameters of an individual security and portfolio are on account of two broad factors. Characteristic line can be used to calculate estimated return of a portfolio or security.

Characteristic Line Showing Return

Ri i ( i Rm) ei
Ri = Mean return of the security

i
i

=Alpha component, i.e., non-systematic return = Beta of the security

(residual return)

Rm =Mean of the market or index representing the market

ei

= Residual error return, which is considered as 'zero'

Using characteristic line, a portfolio manager can estimate expected return. The equation has two coefficients or terms. The alpha value is the value of (Ri), in the equation when the value of (Rm) is zero; in other words, it is part of return which is realized from the security even if the market return is zero.This is the non-market (unsystematic)' component of security's return. The beta coefficient is the slope of the regression line and as i Rm such, it is a measure of the sensitivity of .the stock's return to the movement in the market's return. The combined term ( ) denote that part of return, which is due to market movement.

This is the systematic component of the Security's return i indicates the sensitiveness of the stock return to the changes in the market return. the single index model is based on the assumption that stocks vary together because of the common movement in the stock market and there are no effects beyond the market that accounts the stock co-movement. the expected return, standard deviation and co-variance of the single index model represents the joint movement of securities.
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The co variance of returns between securities i and j = i j The variance of securitys return, 2= i m2 + ei 2 2= Variance of security's return i = Beta of the security m2= Variance of market or index ei 2= Non-systematic risk i.e., residual risk The variance of the security has two components namely, systematic risk or market risk and unsystematic risk or unique risk. the variance explained by the index is referred to systematic risk. the unexplained variance is called residual variance or unsystematic risk. systematic risk = i 2 * variance of market index. = i 2 m2 unsystematic risk=total variance - systematic risk

ei 2 = ei 2 - systematic risk ei 2 = ei 2 - i 2 m2 Thus total risk = systematic risk + unsystematic risk = i 2 m2 + ei 2 From this point ,the portfolio variance can be derived p2=[ (Xi i)2 m2 + [ Xi 2 ei 2] were i vary from 1 to N p2 = variance of portfolio m2 =expected variance of index ei 2 = variation in security s return not related to the market index Xi =the portion of stock I in the portfolio.

CONSTRUCTION OF EFFICIENT PORTFOLIO An efficient portfolio is the one, which offers maximum return for a given level of risk or has minimum risk for the given level of return. This is identified with the help of dominance principle. As investors are risk averse and are rational decision-makers, they always prefer to accept maximum return by assuming a particular level of risk. In the long run, only efficient portfolios are feasible. According to the model desirability of any security is directly related to its excess return to beta ratio [(Ri- Rf)/Beta i ],where Rf is the return on risk free assets. If securities are ranked by excess return to Beta (from highest to lowest) the ranking represents the desirability of any security's inclusion in a portfolio. The number of securities selected, depends on a unique cut-off point, such that all securities with higher ratio of (Ri - Rf)/Beta i, will be included in the portfolio and all securities with lower ratio will not be included in the portfolio. To determine which securities are included in the optimum portfolio, the following steps are necessary. STEPS : Step 1: A brief profile of each of the 5 companies of sensex index is chosen. Step 2: for a period of 11 months data of the each companies have been recorded. Step 3: for applying Sharpes index model Ri,Rm, ei 2,i, m2 ,Rf values are required. so all these data are collected and calculated for proceeding further. Step 4: the cut-off point C* is calculated using the formula:
2 m [ i 1 n

{( Ri R f ) / i }

(ci )

2 ei n 2 2 1 m i2 i 1 ei

Step 5: after Ci for the companies are calculated the value got were put in a table and then the interpretations were made.

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Step 6: the Ci values go on increasing up to a certain point and then start decreasing. the highest point is called cut-off point(C*).the securities which are above C* point are chosen to the portfolio. Step 7:Once the securities for portfolio are chosen, the proportion in which they should be invested is to be determined. this can be done using a formula where Xi denotes the proportion, Xi=Zi / Zi Where

Zi

Ri R f i [{ } c* ] 2 ei i

Step 8:Return on portfolio can be made known with the formula Rp=XiRi Step 9: p2 gives the risk associated with portfolio. Sharpe's Model is convenient as compared to the model of Harry Markowitz. It helps in the creation of portfolio with less number of calculations as compared to any other model. In Sharpe's model association of individual securities/shares with the index of market is given importance, instead of correlation between securities. Only those securities are desirable in the portfolio, which have positive excess return over risk free return, All the securities for which excess return to beta ratio is more than the overall cut-off point-are included in the portfolio. Such portfolio is the efficient portfolio and generates the optimum returns OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: Observe the movement of stock market and the effect of it on individual companies Observation of share pattern change of different companies due to change in SENSEX Observing the best performed company in their sector in the year 2011 Construction of Portfolio based on Sharpes index model METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN: In the study secondary data is used Movement of SENSEX is noted

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 The movement of share prices, expected values are noted and calculated

returns, standard deviation and beta

The stock price movements, closing index points of the companies and beta values for the past 11 months are collected for analysis Risk free return is taken for year 2011 All the values obtained above are interpreted and analyzed using Sharpes single index model SCOPE OF THE STUDY SENSEX movement of 2011 is only taken into consideration 5 companies of different sector is taken for the study. Performance of company in 2011 is only taken into consideration The study is done under guidance of professionals of Karvy stock broking Ltd LIMITATIONS: 1. Only 11 months data has been considered for the construction of optimal Portfolio 2. The basically portfolio is constructed the stock purely on price the basis of Sharpes model which and does not take into

considers

movements

consideration company specific factors, industry specific factors and economic specific factors.

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CHAPTER TWO

INDUSTRY, COMPANY AND PRODUCT PROFILES

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INDUSTRY PROFILE

The Indian broking industry is one of the oldest trading industries that has been around even before the establishment of the BSE in 1875. Despite passing through a number of changes in the post liberalisation period, the industry has found its way towards sustainable growth. With the purpose of gaining a deeper understanding about the role of the Indian stock broking industry in the countrys economy, we present in this section some of the industry insights gleaned from analysis of data received through primary research. For the broking industry, we started with an initial database of over 1,800 broking firms that were contacted, from which 464 responses were received. The list was further short listed based on the number of terminals and the top 210 were selected for profiling. 394 responses, that provided more than 85% of the information sought have been included for this analysis presented here as insights. All the data for the study was collected through responses received directly from the broking firms. The insights have been arrived at through an analysis on various parameters, pertinent to the equity broking industry, such as region, terminal, market, branches, sub brokers, products and growth areas. Moreover the Indian retail brokerage industry taking into account the health of the capital markets and the intensity of competition among the brokerage companies Though the Indian brokerage industry has been consolidating steadily over the last 10 years, the share of the top 10 brokers has risen to only around one-fourth of the total industry revenues. In this fragmented market, leading players like ICICI Direct, Kotak Securities, Indiabulls, Sharekhan, and 5 Paisa, apart from many small players, compete on the basis of low brokerage fees and customer service. Some key characteristics of the firms are: On the basis of geographical concentration, the West region has the maximum representation of 52%. Around 24% firms are located in the North, 13% in the South and 10% in the East 3% firms started broking operations before 1950, 65% between 1950-1995 and 32% post 1995 On the basis of terminals, 40% are located at Mumbai, 12% in Delhi, 8% in
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Ahmedabad, 7% in Kolkata, 4% in Chennai and 29% are from other cities From this study, we find that almost 36% firms trade in cash and derivatives and 27% are into cash markets alone. Around 20% trade in cash, derivatives and commodities In the cash market, around 34% firms trade at NSE, 14% at BSE and 52% trade at both exchanges. In the derivative segment, 48% trade at NSE, 7% at BSE and 45% at both, whereas in the debt market, 31% trade at NSE, 26% at BSE and 43% at both exchanges Majority of branches are located in the North, i.e. around 40%. West has 31%, 24% are located in South and 5% in East In terms of sub-brokers, around 55% are located in the South, 29% in West, 11% in North and 4% in East Trading, IPOs and Mututal Funds are the top three products offered with 90% firms offering trading, 67% IPOs and 53% firms offering mutual fund transactions In terms of various areas of growth, 84% firms have expressed interest in expanding their institutional clients, 66% firms intend to increase FII clients and 43% are interested in setting up JV in India and abroad In terms of IT penetration, 62% firms have provided their website and around 94% firms have email facility Terminals Almost 52% of the terminals in the sample are based in the Western region of India, followed by 25% in the North, 13% in the South and 10% in the East. Mumbai has got the maximum representation from the West, Chennai from the South, New Delhi from the North and Kolkata from the East. Mumbai also has got the maximum representation in having the highest number of terminals. 40% terminals are located in Mumbai while 12% are from Delhi, 8% from Ahmedabad, 7% from Kolkata, 4% from Chennai and 29% are from other cities in India. Branches & Sub-Brokers The maximum concentration of branches is in the North, with as many as 40% of all branches located there, followed by the Western region, with 31% branches. Around 24% branches are located in the South and East constitutes for 5% of the total branches
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of the total sample. In case of sub-brokers, almost 55% of them are based in the South. West and North follow, with 30% and 11% sub-brokers respectively, whereas East has around 4% of total sub-brokers. Financial Markets The financial markets have been classified as cash market, derivatives market, debt market and commodities market. Cash market, also known as spot market, is the most sought after amongst investors. Majority of the sample broking firms are dealing in the cash market, followed by derivative and commodities. 27% firms are dealing only in the cash market, whereas 35% are into cash and derivatives. Almost 20% firms trade in cash, derivatives and commodities market. Firms that are into cash, derivatives and debt are 7%. On the other hand, firms into cash and commodities are 3%, cash & debt market and commodities alone are 2%. 4% firms trade in all the markets. In the cash market, around 34% firms trade at NSE, 14% at BSE and 52% trade at both exchanges. In the equity derivative market, 48% of the sampled broking houses are members of NSE and 7% trade at BSE, while 45% of the sample operate in both stock exchanges. Around 43% of the broking houses operating in the debt market, trade at both exchanges with 31% and 26% firms uniquely at NSE and BSE respectively. Of the brokers operating in the commodities market, 57% firms operate at NCDEX and MCX. Around 20% and 21% firms are solely in NCDEX and MCX respectively, whereas 2% firms trade in NCDEX, MCX and NMCE.

PEST ANALYSIS POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT

Less control of Government of India on retail brokerage industry as it is regulated by SEBI. Constructive decisions taken by SEBI for protecting investors and regulating stock market. Right now Government of India is stable and market is also booming

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 Government policies and income tax exemption can affect investors interest on equity market.

ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
As the stock market is booming there is a good opportunity of growth of the Industry. Increasing income of Indian people encourage them to invest into stock Market. The retail brokerage industry has given employment to a large no of people.

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Increasing awareness among Indian population in equity investment options. Corporate frauds like Satyam and Harshadh Mehta scam may discourage People from investing in stock market.

TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT User friendly software for doing online trading. Technological change - creates opportunities for new products and product Improvements and of course new marketing techniques PORTERS 5 FORCE ANALYSIS Buyer Power: Lack of Expertise reduce Bargaining Power Retail investors often lack the knowledge and expertise in the financial sector that calls them to approach the broking houses. Low Product Differentiation Proves Beneficial The retail broking service provided by the various companies is homogeneous with very low product differentiation. This allows customers to enjoy a greater bargaining power. Increasing investment preferences in equity market among Indian population.
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To tap this opportunity company should come out with more product features and benefits. HNI/high volume traders are the major sources of revenue for the company and they should provide competitive brokerage to them.

Supplier Power: Increased Dependence on IPOs/FPOs There is a growing dependence of corporate on broking houses with the rising number of IPOs coming to the market. Intensity of Rivalry: Move towards consolidation Lot of brokerage companies are moving towards consolidation with the smaller ones becoming either franchisees for the larger brokers or closing operations. Increased Focus of Banks in Retail Broking Various foreign banks like ABN Amro and others are planning to enter the Indian retail brokerage industry. Online Trading Competes with Traditional Brokerage There is an increasing demand for online trading due to consumers growing preference for internet as compared to approaching the brokers. Threat of New Entrants: Entry of Foreign Players New forms of trading including T+2 settlement system, dematerialization etc are Strengthening the retail brokerage market and attracting foreign companies to enter the Indian industry. Entry of financial institution. Threat of Substitutes: Alternative Investment Options Various alternative forms of investment including fixed deposits with banks and post offices etc act as substitutes to retail broking products and services.

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COMPANY PROFILE: The four chartered accountants founded Karvy Consultants Limited in 1982. A group of Hyderabad based practicing Chartered Accountants started Karvy taxation services initially. Later, it forayed in to the register and share transfer activities and subsequently into financial services. All along Karvys strong work ethics and professional background leveraged with information technology enabled it to deliver quality to the individual. A decade of commitments, professional integrity and vision helped Karvy achieve a leadership position in its field when it handled the largest number of issue ever handled in the history of the Indian Stock market in a year. Therefore, Karvy made in roads into a host of capital market services corporate and retail, which proved to be a sound business synergy. Today Karvy has access to million of shareholder, beside companies, banks, financial institution and regulatory agencies. Over the past one and half decade, Karvy has involved as a veritable link between industries, finance and people. In January 1998, Karvy became the first Depository participants in Andhra Pradesh. As ISO: 9002 Company, Karvy ranks among the top player in almost all the fields it operates. Karvy Computershare Limited is Indias largest Registrar and Transfer Agent with a client base of nearly 500 blue chip corporate, managing over 2 crore accounts. Karvy Stock Brokers Limited, member of National Stock Exchange of India and the Bombay Stock Exchange, ranks among the top 5 stock brokers in India. With over 6, 00,000 active accounts, it ranks among the top 5 Depositary Participant in India, registered with NSDL and CDSL. Karvy Comtrade, Member of NCDEX and MCX ranks among the top 3 commodity brokers in the country. Karvy Insurance Brokers is registered as a Broker with IRDA and ranks among the top 5 insurance agent in the country. Registered with AMFI as a corporate Agent, Karvy is also among the top Mutual Fund mobilize with over Rs. 5,000 crores under management. Karvy Realty Services, which started in 2006, has quickly established itself as a broker who adds value, in the realty sector. Karvy Global offers niche off shoring services to clients in the US. Karvy has 575 offices over 375 locations across India and overseas at Dubai and New York. Over 9,000 highly qualified people staff Karvy.

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Mission Statement of Karvy An organization exists to accomplish something or achieve something. The mission statement indicates what an organization wants to achieve. The mission statement may be changed periodically to take advantage of new opportunities or respond to new market conditions. Karvys mission statement is To Bring Industry, Finance and People together. Karvy is work as intermediary between industry and people. Karvy work as investment advisor and helps people to invest their money same way Karvy helps industry in achieving finance from people by issuing shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, fixed deposits etc.Companys mission statement is clear and thoughtful which guide geographically dispersed employees to work independently yet collectively towards achieving the organizations goals. Vision of Karvy Companys vision is crystal clear and mind frame very directed. To be pioneering financial services company. And continue to grow at a healthy pace, year after year, decade after decade. Companys foray into IT-enabled services and internet business has provided an opportunity to explore new frontiers and business solutions. To build a corporate that sets benchmarks for others to follow. ORGANISATION Karvy was started by a group of five chartered accountants in 1979. The partners decided to offer, other than the audit services, value added services like corporate advisory services to their clients. The first firm in the group, Karvy Consultants Limited was incorporated on 23rd July, 1983. In a very short period, it became the largest Registrar and Transfer Agent in India. This business was spun off to form a separate joint venture with Computer share of Australia, in 2005. Karvys foray into stock broking began with marketing IPOs, in 1993. Within a few years, Karvy began topping the IPO procurement league tables and it has consistently maintained its position among the top 5. Karvy was among the first few members of National Stock Exchange, in 1994 and became a member of The Stock Exchange, Mumbai in 2001. Dematerialization of shares gathered pace in mid-90s and Karvy was in the forefront educating investors on the advantages of dematerializing their shares. Today Karvy is among the top 5 Depositary Participant in India.

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While the registry business is a 50:50 Joint Venture with Computer share of Australia, we have equity participation by ICICI Ventures Limited and Barings Asia Limited, in Karvy Stock Broking Limited. Karvy has always believed in adding value to services it offers to clients. A top-notch research team based in Mumbai and Hyderabad supports its employees to advise clients on their investment needs. With the information overload today, Karvys team of analysts help investors make the right calls, be it equities, mf, insurance. On a typical working day Karvy: * Has more than 25,000 investors visiting our 575 offices * Publishes / broadcasts at least 50 buy / sell calls * Attends to 10,000+ telephone calls * Mails 25,000 envelopes, containing Annual Reports, Dividend cheques/ advises, allotment / refund advises * Executes 150,000+ trades on NSE / BSE * Executes 50,000 debit / credit in the depositary accounts * Advises 3,000+ clients on the investments in mutual funds First ISO - 9001: 2000 Certified Registrar in India

KARVY GROUP

Karvy group comprises the following:-

KARVY CONSULTANTS LIMITED

As the flagship company of the Karvy Group, Karvy Consultant Limited has always remained at the helm of organization affairs, pioneering business policies, works ethic and
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channels of progress. Karvy as a leader in the registry business now transferred this business into a join venture with Computer share Limited of Australia, the worlds largest registrar. Today, we service over 6 lacks customer accounts in this business spread across over 250 cities/towns in India and are ranked amongst the largest Depository Participant in the country, Deal in Register and investment services. We are rated as India's "Most Admired Registrar" for overall excellence in volume management, quality processes and technology driven services. Our services include Initial Public Offers (IPOs) processing, share holder servicing, effecting corporate actions, investor information services and host of technology enabled services to facilitate efficient and effective service delivery.

KARVY STOCK BROKING LIMITED

They offer trading on a vast platform National Stock Exchange, Bombay Stock Exchange and Hyderabad Stock Exchange. Information is given as a constant feedback to karvy customers, through daily reports delivered thrice Daily- The Pre- session Report, where market scenario for the day is predicated, the Mid- session Report, times to arrive during lunch break, where the market forecast for the rest of the day is given and the Post- session Report, the final report for the day, where the market and the report itself is reviewed. To add to this repository of information, we publish a monthly magazine Karvy------ The Finapolis Which analyzes the latest stock market trends and takes a close look at the various investment options, and product available in the market while a weekly report, called Karvy Bazaar Baatein keeps you more informed on the immediate trends in the stock market. In addition, our specific industry reports give comprehensive information on various industries. Beside this, we also offer special portfolio analysis packages that provide daily technical advice on scrips for successful portfolio management and provide customized advisory services to help you make the right financial moves that are specifically suited to your portfolio. The institutional broking arm of KARVY Stock Broking offers corporate houses and institutions dealing capabilities on India leading stock exchanges (NSE and BSE) in the cash and derivatives segments. This unit has devised a process driven approach to address the needs of institutional investors who have unique and specialized investment needs.

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The institutional broking services desk is a specialized business unit at KARVY that operates out of Mumbai, the financial capital of India and is staffed with best-of-industry equity market professionals and highly skilled dealers. KARVY also supports institutional traders through their institutional sales and research teams with information and insightful reports on stocks, sectors and industry verticals. KARVYs institutional broking clientele include some major domestic Mutual Funds, Insurance Companies, Banks and FIIs in India.

KARVY INVESTORY SERVICES LIMITED Karvy Investor Services Limited, a SEBI registered Merchant Banker is a 100% subsidiary of Karvy Consultants Limited and is among the top 10 merchant Bankers in India today. The parent Company i.e. Karvy Consultants Limited was founded by a group of professionals in 1982 and today it has evolved as integrated financial services company of repute, offering various financial services to suit every requirement/need of our customers. By virtue of its access to millions of Indian Shareholders, in addition to companies, banks and financial institutions, Karvy has in the process built up a positive reputation with regulatory authorities and other government agencies. It emphasis on the quality of the services, we offer, has been instrumental in helping us to attain the leadership in the financial services sector. Karvy has a track record of handling 70 public/rights issues as Merchant Bankers. During the last two years we have handled the share buyback issues of TTK LIG Limited, Sirpur Paper Mills Limited, Bhagyanagar Metals Limited, A V Thomas Group-Nelliampathy Tea and Produce Company Limited, Chordia Food Products Limited, Heritage Foods (India) Limited, Titanor Components Ltd, Punjab Communications Limited, etc. to name a few. Karvy has also handled/are handling the Rights/Public issues of Dhanalakshmi Bank, Dhandapani Finance, Moschip, Karur Vysya Bank, Lux Hosiery Industries Ltd, Sah Petroleums Limited, Paradyne InfoTech Limited, Yash Papers Limited, SPL Industries Limited, Provogue (I) Limited, Tulip IT Services Limited, Gati Limited as lead managers to name a few. We have also been appointed as advisor to some of the GOI disinvestments. It has actively marketed bond issues of corporations from the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka & Gujarat and debt issues of all the Financial Institutions like IDBI, ICICI, IFCI, REC, PFC, SIDBI, etc.
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As an Investment Banker, Karvy provides; Management of Capital Issues Management of Buybacks, Takeovers and Delisting offers Private Placement of Debt and Equity Mergers and Amalgamations, Loan Syndication

KARVY COMMODITIES BROKING PRIVATE LIMITED-

Focused on taking commodities trading to new dimensions of reliability and profitability. We have made commodities trading, an essentially age-old practice, into a sophisticated and scientific investment option. Here we enable trade in all goods and products of agricultural and mineral origin that include lucrative commodities like gold and silver and popular items like oil, pulses and cotton through a well-systematized trading platform. Our technological and infrastructural strengths and especially our street-smart skills make us an ideal broker. Our service matrix is holistic with a gamut of advantages, the first and foremost being our legacy of human resources, technology and infrastructure that comes from being part of the Karvy Group. Karvys wide national network, spanning the length and breadth of India, further supports these advantages. Regular trading workshops and seminars are conducted to hone trading strategies to perfection. Every move made is a calculated one, based on reliable research that is converted into valuable information through daily, weekly and monthly newsletters, calls and intraday alerts. Further, personalized service is provided here by a dedicated team committed to giving hassle-free service while the brokerage rates offered are extremely competitive. Our commitment to excel in this sector stems from the immense importance those commodities broking has to a cross-section of investors, farmers, exporters, importers, manufacturers and the Government of India itself. Visit karvy at

www.karvycomtrade.com
24

KARVY MUTUAL FUND SERVICES

Investment is the stepping stone to achieving one's financial dreams. Mutual funds offer an opportune way to long-term wealth creation. However, with more and more funds flooding the market, the task of selecting the most suitable scheme gets even more complicated. Mutual Fund Advisory Service at Karvy guides you through this maze and ensures that your investments are backed by our quality research. We, at Karvy help you to reach your goals by offering: * Products of 33 AMCs * Research reports (existing funds & NFOs; strategy reports etc.) * Customized mutual fund portfolios * Portfolio revision (depending on changing market outlook and evolving trends) * Access to online consolidated portfolio statement

IPO INTRODUCTION PVT LTD

An Initial Public Offer (IPO) is a means of collecting money from the public by a company for the first time in the market to fund its projects. In return, the company gives the share to the investors in the company. In an IPO, the Lead managers decide the price of the issue. In a book building offer, the syndicate members decide the indicative price range and the investors decide the price of the issue through a tender method. A draft prospectus provides the information on the financials of the company, promoters, background, tentative issue price etc. It is filed by the Lead Managers with the Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to provide issue details. Overview of the draft
25

prospectus can be seen on www.sebi.gov.in (SEBI's web site click here). The final prospectus is printed after obtaining the clearance from SEBI and the Registrar of Companies (ROC).

KARVY FIXED INCOME SECURITYIES & TRADING (K-FIST)

It was started in December 2002 with a roll out from 7 dedicated centers of Karvy. The Retail Debt Market division which is centralized at the HO in Hyderabad provides fixed income products to its clients and is primarily a fund based activity. The deal sizes vary from Rs.10,000 to Rs.5 cores. Products - Central Government securities, State Development Loans, State Guaranteed bonds, Public Sector Undertaking Bonds, Financial Institution Bonds, and Bank bonds of SLR/Non-SLR category, both taxable and tax-free. Target clients - Provident Fund Trusts, Educational & Religious trusts, charitable trusts, and Co-operative banks, Regional Rural Banks, Corporate, and High Net worth Individuals Standard Operating Procedures - Based on the specific needs of the prospects Quotes of all categories of bonds are sent. The selection of instrument is done and post negotiation (if any) the settlement date is finalized. Contract notes are exchanged and written confirmations are obtained before initiating the trade settlement. On the agreed settlement date, the funds and securities are exchanged between the parties. Primarily all the trades are in the electronic mode only. The Wholesale Debt Market division is centralized at Mumbai and is a voice based order matching activity which is fee based. The deal size is a minimum of Rs.5 cr. And the reporting is done on the NSE. Products - Central Government securities, State Development Loans, State Guaranteed bonds, Public Sector Undertaking Bonds, Financial Institution Bonds, and Bank bonds of SLR/Non-SLR category, both taxable and tax-free. Target clients - Co-operative banks, commercial banks, Corporate, Financial Institutions, Insurance companies and Asset Management Companies. Standard Operating Procedures - The dealers generate 2-way quotes during the trading hours and match the institutional buyers and sellers. The deal contract notes are generated
26

and exchanged between the 2 parties. The fees are collected by raising debit notes on a monthly basis. KARVY REALITY (INDIA) LIMITED

(KRIL) is promoted by the KARVY Group, Indias largest integrated financial services group. The group carries forward its legacy of trust and excellence in investor and customer services delivered with a passion for services and the highest level of quality that align with global standards. KRIL is engaged in the business of real estate and property services. * Buying/ selling/ renting of properties * Identifying valuable investments opportunities in the real estate sector * Facilitating financial support for real estate and investments in properties * Real estate portfolio advisory services. KRIL is your personal real estate advisor guiding and hand holding you through real estate transactions and offering valuable investment opportunities. Building on the KARVY brand as a leading industry benchmark for world class customer servicing and quality standards, KRIL brings to investors a reputation of reliability, dependability and honesty. Our understanding of the needs and preferences of our clients and our teams of qualified realty professionals help us to establish fruitful relationships with buyers and sellers of properties alike. A single stop shop for realty services offering: * Transacting Options: Choose to buy, sell or rent properties (residential and commercial) * Investing Options: Give your investments a good opportunity with properties marketed by KRIL. * Financing Options: Get unmatched deals for financing your investment * Research Options: Karvy undertake valuation and feasibility studies, area analysis and customized analysis on behalf of clients.
27

KRIL has ongoing relations with builders and developers across the country which will help you place your investments in the most genuine properties for a good value appreciation at the right place and at the right price. KRIL is committed to the guiding principles of quality, timely service delivery, fair pricing, transparency and integrity. KARVY INSURANCE BROKING PRIVATE LIMITED At Karvy Insurance Broking (P) Ltd. it provide both life and non-life insurance products to retail individuals, high net-worth clients and corporate. With the opening up of the insurance sector and with a large number of private players in the business, we are in a position to provide tailor made policies for different segments of customers. In our journey to emerge as a personal finance advisor, we will be better positioned to leverage our relationships with the product providers and place the requirements of our customers appropriately with the product providers. With Indian markets seeing a sea change, both in terms of investment pattern and attitude of investors, insurance is no more seen as only a tax saving product but also as an investment product. By setting up a separate entity, we would be positioned to provide the best of the products available in this business to karvys customers. Karvys wide national network, spanning the length and breadth of India, further supports these advantages. Further, personalized service is provided here by a dedicated team committed in giving hassle-free service to the clients.

KARVY PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SERVICE LIMITED KARVY is a premier integrated financial services provider, and ranked among the top five in the country in all its business segments. KARVY owes its success to its professionally managed team of experts, who have been chosen from some of the most reputed institutions and firms across India. In today's intricate and volatile market your investment requires constant monitoring and attention. The demand made on your time and energy by other business may not leave you with capacity to attend to your personal portfolio with the degree of care you deem appropriate. We at KARVY understand your situation and offer PMS services taking the same level of care and attention you would devote to monitoring your portfolio.
28

Green Wallet is an Endeavour specially designed by Karvy to enhance the wealth of a niche segment of investors. This service primarily meant for HNIs (High Net worth Individuals) offers customers a wide range of schemes. These unique schemes seek to achieve higher returns through broad based participation in equity markets. This is achieved by creating a diversified equity portfolio of small, medium and large capitalized companies.

KARVY DEPOSITORY SERVICES LIMITED Stock Broking Limited provides depository services to investors as a Depository Participant with the National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL). The Depository system in India links Issuers, National level Depositories, Depository Participants and Clearing Houses / Clearing Corporation of Stock Exchanges. Our demat services are accessible through any of our network of over 575 branches / investor service centers located in over 375 cities and towns across the country. Our demat services business has the distinction of having all its operations ISO 9001: 2000 certified with state-of-the-art technology and operations capabilities. Our demat services has innovated over time and we provide online access to account statements and transaction alerts through SMS to its clients. KARVYs Demat services offer you a secure, convenient and paperless way to keep track of your investments in shares and other security instruments over time, without the hassle of handling paper based transcripts. Karvy provide the following services: * Dematerialization of Shares * Transfer of Shares * Pledging of Shares * Electronic Custodial Services * Maintenance of Beneficial Holdings * Electronic Credit against Corporate Actions

29

QUALITY POLICY OF THE COMPANY:-

To achieve and retain leadership, Karvy shall aim for complete customer satisfaction, by combining its human and technological resources, to provide superior quality financial service, in the process, Karvy will strive to exceed customers expectation. Quality Objectives:As per the quality policy, Karvy will: Build-in-house processes that will insure transparent and harmonious relationship with its clients and investor to provide high quality of services. Establish a partner relationship with its investors service agent and vendors that will help in keeping up it commitments to the customers. Provide high quality of work life for all its employees and equip them with adequate knowledge and skills so as to respond to customers needs. Continue to uphold the values of honesty and integrity and strive to establish unparalleled standard and business ethics. Use state-of-the art information technology in developing new and innovative financial products and services to meet the changing needs of investors and clients. Strive to be a reliable source of value-edit products and services and constantly guide the individuals and institutions in making judicious choices of same. Strive to keep all stakeholders (share holders, clients, investors, employees, suppliers and regulatory authorities) proud and satisfy. STRATEGY OF THE COMPANY:Karvy believes that the foremost ingredient for success in the has been the co-operation ability to continuously evolve both organizational structure and product offerings, thereby remaining on the cutting financial services. Karvy believes that three capitals viz., financial, human and technology, would drive the financials services sector in the future and draw the boundaries for achieving leadership.

30

Karvy believes that customized solutions are now the key drivers for market share and profit margins. DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES:-

Karvy has sought to broaden the scope of its activities by examining all sectors of the economy and by introduction new concepts, new instruments and in some cases new institution to response to perceived needs. In this regards, karvy developmental activities have encompassed such diverse areas as financial investment, insurance, depository participants services, skill development activities etc. It has also been a pioneer in setting up PAN. TAN services, and also setting up specialized institution in certain key sections. 1. TIN facilitation centre. 2. Stock broking centre. 3. Financial centre. 4. Banking centre. 5. Registrar of the issues.

A separate department is present with the sole intent of providing financial services to various charitable, educational and social welfare organizations. ACHIEVEMENTS:-

Largest mobilize of funds as per PRIME DATABASE. First ISO- 9002 certified Registrar in India. A category- 1- Merchant banker. A category- 1- Registrar to public issues. Ranked as the most admired Registrar by MARG Handled the largest ever public issue-IDBI.
31

 Handled over 500 public issues as Registrars. Handling the reliance account, this accounts for nearly 10 million account holders. First depository participants in Andhra Pradesh. Major issues managed as arrangers: o Kerala state Electricity Board. o Power Finance Corporation. o A.P. water resources development corporation o A.P. state electricity board. o Haldia petrochemicals Ltd. Major issues managed as co-managers. o Indus land Bank Ltd. o ICICI Bonds-March97. o ICICI Bonds-dec.97. o ICICI safety Bonds-April 98, July98, Oct.98, Dec.98, Jan.99. o The Jammu & Kashmir BankLtd. Major issues handled and registrar to issues. o IDBI equity o Morgan Stanley mutual fund o Bank of Baroda o Bank of Punjab Ltd. o Corporation Bank. o Indus land Bank Ltd. o Jammu & Kashmir Bank Ltd.
32

o Housing and Urban development corporation (HODCO) Ltd. o Madras Refineries Ltd. o BPL Ltd. o Birla 3M Ltd. o Essar shipping Ltd. o Essar stels Ltd. o Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. o Infosys technologies Ltd. o Jindal Vijay Nagar Steels Ltd. o Nagarjun fertilizers and chemicals Ltd. o Rajshree Polyfil LTD.

KARVY SECURITIES LTD

Karvy has secured over Rs. 500 crore in the following debt issues Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation Ltd. ICICI Bonds ( Private placement ) ICICI Bonds-96. ICICI Bonds- 97-I ICICI Bonds-97-II. ICICI Safety Bond-March 98. ICICI Bond 96.
33

 IDBI Flexi Bond-I IDBI Flexi Bond II IDBI Flexi Bonds III Kerala state electricity Board. Krishna Bhgya Jala Nigam Ltd. Power Finance Corporation Ltd. Andhra Pradesh Water Resources Development Corporation Andhra Pradesh state Electricity Board. SWOT ANALYSIS OF KARVY

Strengths: Employees are highly empowered. Strong Communication Network. Good co-operation between employees. Number 1 Registrar and Transfer agent in India. Number 1 dealer of Investment Products in India.

Weaknesses: High Employee Turnover.

Opportunity: Growth rate of mutual fund industry is 40 to 50% during last year and it expected that this rate will be maintained in future also. Marketing at rural and semi-urban areas.

Threats:
34

 Increasing number of local players. Past image of Mutual Fund

35

Chapter Three ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

36

SELECION OF COMPANIES:

Companies that are listed in BSE and NSE are chosen for applying Sharps single index model. 5 companies of different sector are taken into consideration. The market index that is taken into consideration is BSE. BSE Limited the first ever stock exchange in Asia (established in 1875) and the first in the country to be granted permanent recognition under the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1956. Of the 22 stock exchanges in the country, Mumbai's (earlier known as Bombay), Bombay Stock Exchange is the largest, with over 6,000 stocks listed. The BSE accounts for over two thirds of the total trading volume in the country. LIST OF THE COMPANIES SI NO 1 2 3 4 5 COMPANY TCS SBI RCOM HINDALCO L&T (Table 1) RISK FREE RETURN RATE The risk free rate is the return on a security that is free from default risk and is uncorrelated with returns from anything else in the economy. The return on a zero-beta portfolio is the best estimate of the risk free rate. But in practise 2 alternatives are generally taken: 1. Rate of short term govt. security (T-bill of 364 days) 2. Rate of long term govt bond of 10-15 yr The risk free return of T-bill of 364 days is considered for the study. T-bill as on 30th Nov2011 is 8.81(http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_NSDPDisplay.aspx) . INDUSTRY IT BANKING COMMUNICATION METAL AND MINING INFRASTRUCTURE

37

RETURN ON MARKET: The return on the market is the return obtained by the companies constituting the sensex index. Return is calculated using logarithmic method as follows. Rm = (log ptlog pt-1)*100 where Rm = Market return at the period t Pt = Price index at day t(dec 2011) Pt-1 = Price index at day t1 (jan 2011) log = Natural log Rm=( log16555.93-log20621.61)*100= -(4.3143225691-4.2189535815) = -0.0953*100 = -9.53% BSE INDEX
Month Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Open 20621.61 18425.18 17982.28 19463.11 19224.05 18527.12 18974.96 18352.23 16963.67 16255.97 17540.55 16555.93 High 20664.8 18690.97 19575.16 19811.14 19253.87 18873.39 19131.7 18440.07 17211.8 17908.13 17702.26 17003.71 Low 18038.48 17295.62 17792.17 18976.19 17786.13 17314.38 18131.86 15765.53 15801.01 15745.43 15478.69 15771.59 Close Price/Earnings Price/Bookvalue Dividend Yield 18327.76 22 3.62 1.08 17823.4 19.67 3.4 1.16 19445.22 20.04 3.46 1.13 19135.96 21.05 3.65 1.07 18503.28 19.59 3.45 1.14 18845.87 19.37 3.55 1.16 18197.2 19.6 3.44 1.43 16676.75 18.36 3.34 1.51 16453.76 18.35 3.36 1.52 17705.01 18.2 3.36 1.52 16123.46 17.61 3.34 1.53 16002.51 17.43 3.32 1.54

38

TATA CONSULTANCY SEVICE(TCS): TATA Consultancy Services (TCS) is a world leading technology consulting, IT services and solutions and business process outsourcing organization, ranked among the worlds top 12 IT consulting organizations. TCS serves its customers with over 100 000 of the worlds best trained IT consultants located in 51 countries across 6 continents. Founded in India in 1968 and part of Indias prestigious TATA Group, TCS combines a heritage of reliability, quality and integrity with a pioneering spirit.

* Spread Month Open High Low Close No. of No. of Total Turnover Price Price Price Price Shares Trades
1,165.00 1,221.00 1,087.30 1,157.15 39,87,730 1,157.20 1,195.95 1,056.10 1,112.95 39,16,850 1,119.00 1,196.50 1,058.25 1,182.50 43,25,660 1,183.00 1,247.00 1,141.15 1,163.60 62,22,585 1,165.50 1,183.80 1,108.15 1,158.80 28,55,679 1,158.95 1,202.85 1,056.60 1,180.35 28,45,829 1,185.05 1,204.90 1,113.65 1,134.45 32,12,450 1,138.10 1,149.80 1,061.00 1,073.00 902.90 1,040.60 63,50,253 970.00 1,037.50 48,02,182 1,49,256 1,50,460 1,50,045 2,34,106 1,09,458 1,17,170 1,20,126 2,14,425 1,94,649 1,97,774 1,23,726 60,022

(Rs.) H-L C-O

(Rs.)

Jan 11 Feb 11 Mar 11 Apr 11 May 11 Jun 11 Jul 11 Aug 11 Sep 11 Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 11

4,65,71,45,463 133.70 -7.85 4,39,45,32,714 139.85 -44.25 4,79,62,23,789 138.25 63.50 7,44,89,19,090 105.85 -19.40 3,26,31,66,557 75.65 -6.70 3,25,68,45,803 146.25 21.40 3,68,70,58,624 91.25 -50.60 6,38,42,70,415 246.90 -97.50 4,91,83,83,582 103.00 -23.50 5,78,73,53,386 139.90 89.25 3,29,82,56,300 114.00 13.10 1,77,90,56,300 70.70 44.70

1,024.95 1,154.90 1,015.00 1,114.20 54,02,851 1,100.00 1,156.00 1,042.00 1,113.10 29,98,121 1,135.00 1,196.70 1,126.00 1,179.70 15,18,216

39

SHARPE INDEX CALCULATION:Quart er (2011) Cls price Return( Ri) (cl-op) Cls mkt price Mkt return(R m) (clop) Ri-Ri RmRm (Ri-Ri)^2 (RmRm)^2

1(janmar))

1182. 5

17.5

19445. 22

-1175.78

20.92 8

-21.3

437.981184 453.69

2(aprjun)

1180. 35

-2.65

18845. 87

-599.35

0.778

555.1 0.605284 3

308136.0 1

3(julsept)

1037. 5

-147.5

16453. 76

-2392.11

144.0 7

1237. 6

20756.1649 1531653. 76

4(septdec)

1179. 7

118.7

16002. 51

-450.49

122.1 28

704.4 14915.2483 496179.3 8 84 6

total

-13.93

-4617.93

Ri= total (Ri)/4 = -3.428 Rm=total(Rm)/4 =-1154.48

40

Ri2= (Ri- Ri)2 / N-1

i = (

R i - Ri')*(Rm - Rm') (Rm - Rm')2

=1.40 SBI(STATE BANK OF INDIA) The origin of the State Bank of India goes back to the first decade of the nineteenth century with the establishment of the Bank of Calcutta in Calcutta on 2 June 1806. In 1951, when the First Five Year Plan was launched, the development of rural India was given the highest priority.. An act was accordingly passed in Parliament in May 1955 and the State Bank of India was constituted on 1 July 1955. More than a quarter of the resources of the Indian banking system thus passed under the direct control of the State. Later, the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act was passed in 1959, enabling the State Bank of India to take over eight former State-associated banks as its subsidiaries (later named Associates). The State Bank of India, the countrys oldest Bank and a premier in terms of balance sheet size, number of branches, market capitalization and profits is today going through a momentous phase of Change and Transformation the two hundred year old Public sector behemoth is today stirring out of its Public Sector legacy and moving with an agility to give the Private and Foreign Banks a run for their money. The bank is entering into many new businesses with strategic tie ups Pension Funds, General Insurance, Custodial Services, Private Equity, Mobile Banking, Point of Sale Merchant Acquisition, Advisory Services, structured products etc each one of these initiatives having a huge potential for growth.

41

SBI STOCK PRICES

Month

Open High Low Close No. of No. of Total Turnover Price Price Price Price Shares Trades
2,830.05 2,852.45 2,468.80 2,641.05 1,57,16,634 2,651.90 2,813.40 2,478.60 2,632.00 1,24,35,272 2,651.00 2,888.00 2,523.55 2,767.90 2,772.00 2,959.90 2,707.00 2,805.60 92,82,295 59,65,668 7,89,641 5,74,890 4,35,532 3,17,760 7,69,888 4,69,103 3,36,984 5,89,599 7,05,270 6,72,601 8,17,128 3,07,892

* Spread (Rs.) H-L C-O

(Rs.)

Jan 11 Feb 11 Mar 11 Apr 11 May 11 Jun 11 Jul 11 Aug 11 Sep 11 Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 11

41,17,95,93,864 383.65 -189.00 32,86,87,92,562 334.80 -19.90 24,75,15,61,102 364.45 116.90 16,77,36,14,654 252.90 33.60

2,811.50 2,819.55 2,165.00 2,297.80 1,53,09,240 2,308.00 2,430.00 2,123.00 2,405.95 2,419.80 2,529.50 2,335.00 2,342.00 95,58,419 67,99,990

37,54,67,82,953 654.55 -513.70 21,62,85,28,746 307.00 97.95

16,63,78,33,098 194.50 -77.80 24,00,61,44,666 511.85 -392.40 27,86,00,39,385 236.10 -78.90 27,93,41,02,645 280.95 21.80

2,366.90 2,383.85 1,872.00 1,974.50 1,13,29,884 1,990.00 2,049.00 1,812.90 1,911.10 1,43,62,191 1,884.90 1,989.50 1,708.55 1,906.70 1,51,59,361 1,894.00 2,018.25 1,629.10 1,762.85 1,70,72,415 1,812.00 1,951.75 1,748.10 1,787.20 62,57,295

30,64,76,72,023 389.15 -131.15 11,58,48,19,983 203.65 -24.80

SHARPE INDEX MODEL Beta vlue=0.47 Avg volatility=2.31 Return=1.41

42

RELIANCE COMMUNICATION:

Reliance Group, an offshoot of the Group founded by Shri Dhirubhai H Ambani (19322002), ranks among Indias top three private sector business houses in terms of net worth. The group has business interests that range from telecommunications (Reliance Communications Limited) to financial services (Reliance Capital Ltd) and the generation and distribution of power (Reliance Infrastructure Limited). Reliance Groups flagship company, Reliance Communications, is India's largest private sector information and communications company, with over 150 million subscribers. It has established a pan-India, high-capacity, integrated (wireless and wireline), convergent (voice, data and video) digital network, to offer services spanning the entire infocomm value chain.

RCOM STOCK PRICE

Month

Open High Low Close No. of No. of Total Turnover Price Price Price Price Shares Trades
147.15 149.90 121.25 124.80 125.20 87.45 111.95 110.00 113.85 100.45 101.40 90.00 97.65 85.20 74.65 98.60 79.60 86.10 89.65 71.70 71.00 70.45 67.60 71.50 122.60 2,37,44,391 86.00 8,14,21,539 107.70 8,93,61,152 99.80 2,86,40,239 89.40 3,35,75,649 95.70 4,45,35,154 101.55 4,46,27,302 79.45 4,52,27,871 71.75 5,45,42,438 79.85 2,94,42,093 74.10 4,31,58,886 72.95 1,57,88,022 2,19,755 5,40,880 5,33,100 1,97,607 2,27,129 2,57,927 2,77,162 3,02,522 3,55,746 1,90,101 2,51,088 95,749

* Spread (Rs.) H-L C-O

(Rs.)

Jan 11 Feb 11 Mar 11 Apr 11 May 11 Jun 11 Jul 11 Aug 11 Sep 11 Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 11

3,26,70,78,026 28.65 -24.55 7,95,95,87,135 40.00 -38.80 8,89,73,88,528 37.30 20.25 3,08,84,84,143 15.25 -10.20 2,95,40,60,668 21.80 -11.05 4,13,00,57,780 11.55 4,48,22,64,541 18.85 5.70 4.95

96.60 108.50 102.60 103.80 81.50 72.50 79.00 76.30 93.25 81.30 87.90 81.00

3,78,72,14,268 32.10 -23.15 4,49,34,25,737 22.25 -9.75 2,21,62,42,222 10.85 7.35

3,37,14,73,821 20.30 -4.90 1,20,44,37,109 9.50 -3.35

43

SHARPE INDEX MODEL

Beta vlue=1.263 Avg volatility(90 DAYS)= 56.440 Return=-43%

HINDALCO An industry leader in aluminium and copper, Hindalco Industries Limited, the metals flagship company of the Aditya Birla Group is the world's largest aluminium rolling company and one of the biggest producers of primary aluminium in Asia. Its copper smelter is the worlds largest custom smelter at a single location. Established in 1958, we commissioned our aluminium facility at Renukoot in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India in 1962. Later acquisitions and mergers, with Indal, Birla Copper and the Nifty and Mt. Gordon copper mines in Australia, strengthened our position in value-added alumina, aluminium and copper products. The acquisition of Novelis Inc. in 2007 positioned us among the top five aluminium majors worldwide and the largest vertically integrated aluminium company in India. Today we are a metals powerhouse with high-end rolling capabilities and a global footprint in 13 countries. Our consolidated turnover of USD 15.85 billion (Rs. 72,078 crore) places us in the Fortune 500 league. Hindalco acquired two Australian copper mines, Nifty and Mt. Gordon, in 2003. The Birla Nifty copper mine consists of an underground mine, heap leach pads and a solvent extraction and electrowinning (SXEW) processing plant, which produces copper cathode.

44

HINDALCO STOCK PRICE

* Spread Month Open High Low Close No. of No. of Total Turnover Price Price Price Price Shares Trades
248.00 251.90 217.10 231.00 251.35 194.70 202.50 215.30 189.50 209.90 224.60 200.00 217.50 217.50 181.95 198.00 198.85 161.55 183.45 197.00 166.70 170.00 171.80 128.55 154.00 163.35 125.00 129.45 143.70 119.50 134.55 141.60 113.00 129.50 140.25 121.90 229.40 2,40,64,039 200.80 2,83,48,913 208.65 2,15,14,987 215.55 1,23,79,393 197.10 1,47,16,285 181.00 1,76,31,758 168.40 1,46,43,162 150.35 2,28,85,247 131.30 2,15,29,455 136.35 2,46,78,817 122.65 2,32,73,478 129.45 1,21,63,963 2,04,227 2,59,154 1,98,346 1,23,065 1,58,401 1,63,744 1,38,269 2,17,936 2,01,459 2,00,789 1,80,073 1,08,856

(Rs.)

(Rs.) H-L C-O

Jan 11 Feb 11 Mar 11 Apr 11 May 11 Jun 11 Jul 11 Aug 11 Sep 11 Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 11

5,65,58,32,204 34.80 -18.60 6,17,78,87,280 56.65 -30.20 4,41,43,03,915 25.80 2,65,05,06,319 24.60 6.15 5.65

2,89,67,03,160 35.55 -20.40 3,15,60,69,686 37.30 -17.00 2,63,57,26,687 30.30 -15.05 3,40,12,30,274 43.25 -19.65 3,07,27,55,842 38.35 -22.70 3,17,62,30,849 24.20 6.90

2,93,97,20,087 28.60 -11.90 1,60,03,50,786 18.35 -0.05

SHARPE INDEX MODEL:

Beta vlue= 0.59 Avg volatility= 1.78 Return= -14.82

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Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is a technology, engineering, construction and manufacturing company. It is one of the largest and most respected companies in India's private sector. More than seven decades of a strong, customer-focused approach and the continuous quest for world-class quality have enabled it to attain and sustain leadership in all its major lines of business. L&T has an international presence, with a global spread of offices. A thrust on international business has seen overseas earnings grow significantly. It continues to grow its overseas manufacturing footprint, with facilities in China and the Gulf region. The company's businesses are supported by a wide marketing and distribution network, and have established a reputation for strong customer support. L&T believes that progress must be achieved in harmony with the environment. A commitment to community welfare and environmental protection are an integral part of the corporate vision. STOCK PRICE
* Spread (Rs.) H-L C-O

Open High Low Close No. of No. of Total Turnover Month Price Price Price Price Shares Trades (Rs.)
Jan 11 Feb 11 Mar 11 Apr 11 May 11 Jun 11 Jul 11 Aug 11 Sep 11 1,990.00 1,998.10 1,555.00 1,641.15 78,56,177 1,650.00 1,723.70 1,463.05 1,528.05 73,05,209 1,545.00 1,932.95 1,503.05 1,653.25 67,75,106 1,666.50 1,768.35 1,592.90 1,597.90 46,06,579 1,619.00 1,668.90 1,475.00 1,644.00 83,11,549 1,642.70 1,836.95 1,635.00 1,822.65 43,01,218 1,840.00 1,867.85 1,720.00 1,725.95 38,10,304 1,736.30 1,768.00 1,518.00 1,609.80 55,99,962 1,635.00 1,719.90 1,350.00 1,358.20 75,49,618 3,50,361 3,75,368 3,30,537 2,18,976 4,06,743 2,12,793 1,79,662 3,05,000 3,89,843

13,60,28,42,835 443.10 -348.85 11,55,55,23,474 260.65 -121.95 10,77,23,79,766 429.90 108.25 7,77,29,91,210 175.45 -68.60 13,04,12,59,630 193.90 25.00

7,39,74,13,508 201.95 179.95 6,87,47,80,438 147.85 -114.05 9,04,96,87,808 250.00 -126.50 11,42,46,35,641 369.90 -276.80

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Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 11

1,347.00 1,453.40 1,268.40 1,413.25 76,08,120 1,397.15 1,406.85 1,175.00 1,268.80 74,71,239 1,305.00 1,334.90 1,154.05 1,171.65 40,78,920

3,88,131 3,52,718 1,58,133

10,38,22,18,978 185.00

66.25

9,55,18,69,790 231.85 -128.35 5,13,45,52,953 180.85 -133.35

SHARPE INDEX MODEL

Beta vlue= 0.78 Avg volatility= 1.77 Return= 6.19

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CHAPTER FOUR SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

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FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

Let us rank the companies based on the decreasing value of the excess return to beta ratio. i.e., Rank according to decreasing order of (Ri-Rf)/BETA values.

COMPANY NAME TCS LNT HINDALCO RCOM SBI

BETA

Ri

(RiRF)/BETA

RANK

1.40 0.78 0.59 1.263 0.47

-32.60 6.19 -14.82 -43 1.51

-16.99 -4.44 -10.18 -27.07 -15.53

4 1 2 5 3

SUGGESTIONS The study on construction of optimal portfolio using Sharpes Single index model found that The companies chosen for study have shown much volatili y during the period of 2011 t Even though 5 companies was chosen from different sector the return of all the companies are less than risk free return From all the 5 companies LNT, HINDALCO,SBI gave better returns to the investor The Indian economy has recording less growth rate during current year. Along with Sharpes single index model it is wise for an investor to make technical analysis and fundamental analysis of the companies before investing in that particular company.

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CONCLUSION The returns obtained by each of the companies and i, the sensitiveness of the stock return to the changes in the market returns is observed as shown in the above table. Also the portion in which the securities be invested to obtain optimum return is also calculated and represented. Portfolio returns and Portfolio Risk It is being assumed that casual

observation of the stock prices over a period of time reveals that most of the stock prices move the market index. When the sensex increases, stock prices also tend to increase and vice-verse. This indicates that some underlying factors affect the market index as well as the stock prices. Stock prices are related to the market index and this relationship could be used to estimate the return on stock. Keeping all these assumption in mind this portfolio has been constructed giving due consideration to the past 1 years performance of some of the the sensex companies.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Reference Books: 1. Prasanna Chandra,Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management,3rd edition,Tata Mcgrahill,pp 2. V. A. Avadhani,Security Analysis and Portfolio Management,4th edition,Himalaya publication,pp 3. S. Kelvin, Portfolio Management, 1st edition,pp 4. Security Analysis Icfai University,pp Websites: 1. www.bseindia.com 2. www.nseindia.com 3. www.brokers.com 4. www.ndtvprofit.com 5. www.esnips.com 6. www.answers.com 7. www.karvy.com 8. www.moneycontrol.com

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