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(An International Journal of Sugar Crops and Related Industries) March, 2006 Volume 8 Number 1 Editor-in-Chief G.P. Rao Sugarcane Research Station, Kunraghat Gorakhpur - 273 008, UP, India E-mail : sugartech@rediffmail.com, editsugartech@rediffmail.com Advisory Board Yang-Rui Li, Nanning, China L.J.C. Autrey, Reduit, Mauritius A. Varma, New Delhi, India R.L. Yadav, Lucknow, India S.S. Grewal, Nairobi, Kenya Raj K. Gupta, New Delhi, India S.B. Singh, Shahjahanpur, India Pirjo Makela, Helsinki, Finland M. Manickam, Coimbatore, India Executive Editor S. Solomon Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow - 226 002, India e-mail : presidentssrp@yahoo.co.in Managing Editor Ashok Datta A-155, Weaver Colony Ashok Vihar, Phase -IV, New Delhi - 110 052, India
IAPSIT
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Regional Editors
Australia
Robert Magarey
Asia
Ishwar Singh, India
Middle East
Abou Salama, Egypt.
USA
Y. B. Pan
rmagarey@bses.org.au Africa
A.C. Wada, Nigeria
adsalma@aun.edu.eg Europe
Witold Grzebicz, Poland
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witegr@au.poznan.pl
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EDITORIAL OFFICE Dr. G.P. Rao, Editor-in-Chief (Sugar Tech) Sugarcane Research Station, Kunraghat, Gorakhpur - 273 008, UP, India Tel : +91 551 3298953 (O), 2273189 (R), Fax : +91 551 2330969; Cell : +91-9839293383 e-mail : sugartech@rediffmail.com / editsugartech@rediffmail.com/presidentssrp@yahoo.co.in The complete manuscript (text in MS word, figures in excel and photographs saved as JPEG image) should be sent by e-mail (sugartech@rediffmail.com; editsugartech@rediffmail.com; presidentssrp@yahoo.co.in)
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Subscription Information
Sugar Tech is published quarterly jointly by the International Association of Professionals in Sugar and Integrated Technologies (IAPSIT) and the Society for Sugar Research and Promotion (SSRP). Current rates for the subscription of Sugar Tech are as follows :
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Indexed in
Elsevier Biobase, CAB Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts
Acknowledgement
The financial support extended by the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India and Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China, towards publication of Sugar Tech is gratefully acknowledged. Copyright 1999 by the Society for Sugar Research and Promotion, New Delhi. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, microfilming or recording, or by any information storage systems without permission in writing from the Editor-in-Chief. Designed, Composed and Printed by Army Printing Press, 33 Nehru Road, Sadar Cantt., Lucknow, 226 002, India Ph. : +91-522-2481164; e-mail : armyprintingpress@rediffmail.com
Sugar Tech
Vol. 8 (1), March 2006
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Contents
Letter-to-Editor
Sugarcane Information and Management System for Mitr Phol Sugar Group, Thailand Pipat Weerathaworn, R. Saravanan and Mayura Prabpan 1-2
Country Profile
Sugarcane Cultivation and Sugar Industry in Japan Makoto Matsuoka 3- 9
Review Article
Status and Trends of Sugar Industry in China Yuan-An Wei and Yang-Rui Li Trends in Farm Mechanization by Sugarcane Small Land Holders in Sri Lanka M.W.N.Dharmawardene 16 - 22 10 - 15
Research Article
Microsatellite DNA Marker-assisted Selection of Saccharum spontaneum Cytoplasm-derived Germplasm Y.B. Pan, T. L. Tew, R. J. Schnell, R. P. Viator, E. P. Richard Jr., M. P. Grisham and W. H. White Cellulase Production with Sugarcane Straw by Trichoderma citrinoviride on Solid Bed Gilda Guerra, Miguel Ramos-Leal, Gisela Casado, Juan Arguelles, Ma. Isabel Snchez, Ana Margarita Manzano and Tania Guzman Efficacy of Inundative Release of Trichogramma chilonis in the Management of the Sugarcane Internode Borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (K.) N. Mukunthan Effect of Organic and Clay Material Amendment on Physical Properties of Degraded Sandy Soil for Sugarcane Production Rochana Tangkoonboribun, Sawaeng Rauysoongnern, Patma Vityakon Rambo and Bunyong Tumsan Identification of a New Nitrogen Fixing Endo-bacterium Strain Isolated from Sugarcane Stalk Yong-Xiu Xing, Li-Tao Yang, Si-Liang Huang and Yang-Rui Li 49 - 53 44 - 48 36 - 43 30 - 35 23 - 29
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Specific Adaptation of Colletotrichum falcatum Pathotypes to Sugarcane Cultivars P. Malathi, R. Viswanathan and R. Jothi Parental Potential of Sugarcane Clones for Drought Resistance Breeding G. Hemaprabha, R. Nagarajan, S. Alarmelu and U.S. Natarajan Molecular Profiling Using RAPD Technique of Salt and Drought Tolerant Regenerants of Sugarcane Patade Vikas Yadav, Penna Suprasanna, Kulkarni Umakant Gopalrao and Bapat Vishwas Anant Sucrose Metabolism in Different Sugar Beet Cultivars S. S. Joshi, S. S. Datir, M. W. Pawar and Y. S. Nerkar Post-harvest Deterioration of Sugarcane and Chemical Methods to Minimize Sucrose Losses S. Solomon, Raman Banerji, Ashok K. Shrivastava, Pushpa Singh, Ishwar Singh, Manjusha Verma, C. P. Prajapati and Anita Sawnani
54 - 58
59 - 62
63 - 68
69 - 73
74 - 78
Short Communication
Distribution of Sugarcane Mosaic and Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus in India G.P. Rao, M. Chatenet, J. G. Girard and P. Rott Influence of Spacing on Growth and Yield of Sugarcane Raised through in vitro Micropropagation S. Raghu, S. Jayaram, S. Ramkumar, P. Prabakaran and V. Vekatesalu Plantlet Regeneration through Leaf Callus Culture in Sugarcane Ramanand, N. Kureel, N. Subhanand, M. Lal and S.B. Singh Efficacy of CGA 362 and Ametryn with Pre-emergence Herbicides on Weed Control in Sugarcane A. K. Gana, A. A. Ndarubu and L. D. Busari Nitrogen Management in Sugarcane Seed Crop M. Bharatha Lakshmi, T. Chitkala Devi and D.V. N. Raju 91 - 94 88 - 90 85 - 87 82 - 84 79 - 81
Meetings Calendar
95
Book Review
96
Instructions to Authors
97 - 98
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Subtropical Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China 2 Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 44 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China ABSTRACT
The sugar industry in China is becoming increasingly important both domestically and internationally because of its rapid development. Significant progress has been achieved not only in sugar production, but also in the integrated utilization, developments and as productions of sugar-based products cane by-products, and environment-friendly management of vinasse. These developments are the result of the combined impact of governmental policies, management creativity, and technological innovations. *Author for Correspondence : Yang-Rui Li
E-mail : liyr@gxu.edu.cn
ABSTRACT
New lines of Saccharum hybrids with an array of S. spontaneum cytoplasm backgrounds are reported. To expand the genetic base of sugarcane, we made eleven bi-parental crosses between ten S. spontaneum (S) and six commercial-type sugarcane (C) clones during the 2001 crossing season. Prior to crossing, all the maternal S. spontaneum inflorescences were emasculated by immersion in a 50oC circulating water bath for 5 minutes. Analysis of microsatellite fingerprints between parents and progeny allowed us to classify 1,952 progeny grown out from these crosses into four genotypic classes. Class H progeny inherited microsatellite alleles from both the S. spontaneum and the commercial-type parents and were, therefore, considered being F1 hybrids. Class S and Class C progeny inherited microsatellite alleles only from one parent and were considered to be either selfs of either parent or F1 hybrids that only inherited allele(s) from one parent. Class X progeny inherited non-parental microsatellite allele(s) in addition to the allele(s) from the maternal S. spontaneum parent and were considered to be contaminants. With the exception of one cross, eight to ten Class H progeny were pre-selected from each cross while still in seedling greenhouse and were backcrossed with commercial-type sugarcane clones. The remaining progeny were transplanted into a breeding nursery for phenotypic evaluation that concurred with the molecular classification. Pearson Correlation Coefficients between molecular and phenotypic classifications were inconsistent that justified the need of molecular markers in the selection process. This study demonstrated that the molecular approach of fingerprinting progeny to confirm parentage prior to field planting even with only one microsatellite marker might substantially increase selection efficiency. e-mail : nandesiri_d@yahoo.com
Sugar Tech 8(1) (2006) : 30-35 Cellulase Production with Sugarcane Straw by Trichoderma citrinoviride on Solid Bed
GILDA GUERRA*, MIGUEL RAMOS-LEAL GISELA CASADO, JUAN ARGUELLES, MA. ISABEL SNCHEZ, ANA MARGARITA MANZANO and TANIA GUZMAN
Dept. Microbiologia, Facultad de Biologa, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba. 25 y J, Vedado C. Habana, Cuba ABSTRACT
A locally soil- isolated strain of Trichoderma citrinoviride produced cellulase activity levels quite similar to the overproducing mutant T. reesei (T. longibrachiatum) QM 9414 when grown in homogeneous cultures containing sugarcane straw. It was confirmed than the crude enzymatic extracts (filter paper enzyme, carboxymethylcellulase and -glucosidase) have similar traits to the reference strain. Both strains utilized more efficiently the ground substrate in relation to other pretreatments assayed. Kinetics of growth in solid beds containing sugarcane straw showed than the fermentation stopped around 96-120 hours, obtaining the highest enzyme production (filter paper enzyme: 16 U/g ), and released a minimum of residual sugar (glucose and xylose, 5.032 mg/g1 ). The final product is characterized by a reduction in fibre content of the substrate (40.4 %) and an increase in cell protein (6.2 7.9 %). *Author for Correspondence : Y.B.Pan e-mail: ypan@srrc.ars.usda.gov
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Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China ABSTRACT
A bacterial strain B8S, with nitrogen fixation ability, was isolated from the stalk of sugarcane variety RB867515 introduced from Brazil. This strain was identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the fragment sequence length was 1403bp. When compared with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AY51349, AB116668.1 and AJ1307119) in GenBank, the homology of the nucleotides was 100%. Certain physiological and biochemical characteristics of new bacterium strain B8S were almost the same as that of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Based on its nitrogen fixation ability, the strain B8S was named as Agrobacterium diazotrophicus *Author for Correspondence : Yang-Rui Li e-mail: liyr@gxu.edu.cn
Sugar Tech
Molecular Profiling Using RAPD Technique of Salt and Drought Tolerant Regenerants of Sugarcane
PATADE VIKAS YADAV, PENNA SUPRASANNA*, KULKARNI UMAKANT GOPALRAO1 and BAPAT VISHWAS ANANT
Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, Maharasthra, India 1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani 431402, Maharasthra, India
ABSTRACT
Radiation induced and somaclonal variants of sugarcane cv. CoC671 were selected in vitro on different sub-lethal doses of salt (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG). The genetic variability among the variants was analyzed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with decamer oligonucleotide primers. RAPD analysis resolved 72 scorable bands out of nine primers screened. Primers produced between 6 and 10 amplification products, which ranged 0.1 to 2.0 Kb. The RAPD profile revealed genetic polymorphism between the selected salt and drought tolerant lines from the control plant. Interestingly, the dendrogram also separated SLT (regenerates on salt selection), DRT (regenerates on PEG selection medium) and irradiated regenerants horizontally into two groups suggesting that SLT regenerants completely delineated from others. SLT 171.1 (10 Gy) and SLT 171.1 (20 Gy) were placed together depicting the high similarity between them. The SLT regenerants were placed away from the control supporting the polymorphism revealed by RAPD profiles. This suggests that the irradiated and salt stressed regenerants are better for the selection of mutants. The DRT regenerants were placed close to the control depicting that these did not accumulate much variation as compared SLT and SLT Gy. *Author for Correspondence : Penna Suprasanna e-mail : prasanna@barc.ernet.in
ABSTRACT
Seven (sugarcane and sorghum) leaf samples exhibiting mosaic symptoms and that originated from (Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu ) were characterized through RT-PCR assays with specific designed primers for Sugarcane mosaic virus, SCMV (F4 and R3), Sugarcane streak mosaic virus, SCSMV(ST2 and P1) and Sorghum mosaic virus, SrMV (F3 and R3). SCMV was detected by RT-PCR in 3 sugarcane varieties. The expected 0.9 kbp SCMV fragment was amplified by RT-PCR with the SCMV F4 and SCMV R3 primers with mosaic samples from Maharashtra (cv.VSI-9-20 and CoM 9086) and Tamil Nadu (cv. Co740). However, ca 0.5 kbp fragment was amplified from six of the samples out of seven tested using primers SCSMV-ST2 and SCSMV-P1. RT-PCR reactions were negative with SrMV primers pair in all the tested samples. Our results suggested that SCSMV is found more commonly associated with sugarcane mosaic samples in India in comparison to the SCMV . Interestingly, mixed infection of SCMV and SCSMV was also detected in sugarcane mosaic infected leaf samples from Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Author for Correspondence : G.P. Rao e-mail : gprao_gor@rediffmail.com
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Sugar Tech
Instructions to Authors for Preparation of Manuscripts
The "Sugar Tech" publishes original research papers, short communications and critical reviews in english on all aspects of sugar crops research and integrated industries. Sugar Tech is published quarterly in four issues per year jointly by the International Association of Professionals in Sugar and Integrated Technologies (IAPSIT) and Society for Sugar Research and Promotion (SSRP), India. All contributions to this Journal are peer reviewed and published free of charge.
Invited reviews
Authors interested in writing a review article should contact the Editor-in-Chief in advance by submitting a summary of the intended manuscript.The Editor-in-Chief may then send an official letter of invitation with further instructions.
Abstract
The abstract should indicate concisely (normally in less than 250 words) the scope and main conclusions of the paper. Please provide up to six additional key words below the abstract.
Original Papers
Original papers should not exceed 25 double-spaced pages with 2.5 cm margins including tables and figures.
Main text
The main text must be divided onto the following sections : Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion (if necessary), Acknowledgements and References. These major headings should be separated from the text by 2 line spaces above and 1 line space below. Each heading should be in capital letters and flush left. Secondary headings should be flush with the left margin and have the first letter of all main words capitalized.
Short Communications
Short Communications should not exceed 10 doublespaced pages with 2.5 cm margins including tables and figures.
SUBMISSION
Authors are requested to submit their manuscripts preferentally electronically. The complete manuscript (text in MS word, figures in excel and photographs saved as JPEG images) should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief on the following e-mail(s). sugartech@rediffmail.com editsugartech@rediffmail.com presidentssrp@yahoo.co.in If authors wish to submit the manuscript as hard copy or original figures and plates are required, they may send on following address : Dr. G.P. Rao, Editor-in-Chief, Sugar Tech, Sugarcane Research Station, Kunraghat, Gorakahpur - 273 008, UP, India.
Introduction
A brief review of the background to be researched with a listing of important references and views based on the most recent literature on the topic(s). This should provide, the current state of work in the relevant field and the reasons for carrying out the experiments, as well as clear statements of the objectives.
References
References should be included within the body of the text as they appear. Insert the author(s) name and year of
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publication date in parentheses after the citation, i.e., (Rao, 1999). If the author is the subject of the sentence, then only place the year in parentheses, i.e., Rao (1999). If the reference cited has two authors, use the world and to join them; do not used an ampersand, i.e., (Solomon & Singh, 2003). If the reference cited has more than two authors, use (Rao et aI., 1999) or Rao et al. (1999). The initials and names of all authors must be supplied. The year, article title, journal title, volume number, and page number(s) should follow. If references by the same author(s) within the same year are cited, they are then identified by letters a, b, c, etc. placed after the year of publication. The following are acceptable reference formats:
Monograph in a series
Allen, P.J. (1976). Control of spore germination and infection structure formation in the fungi. In: R. Heitefuss & P.H. Williams (eds.), Physiological Plant Pathology. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Germany. pp 51-78.
Agency publication
Harway, J.M. and Pentzer, W.T. (1960). Market Diseases of Grapes and Other Small Fruits. Washington, USA: United States Department of Agriculture: USDA publication no. 189. (Agriculture Handbook Series).
Dissertation or thesis
Singh, M. (1999). Studies of the Biology and Taxonomy of Colletotrichum Species. Ph.D Thesis, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India. pp.238.
Journal
Standard journal article
Solomon, S. (2002). Post-harvest cane deterioration and its milling consequences. Sugar Tech., 2: 1-18. Singh, I. and Solomon, S. (2003). Post-harvest quality loss of sugarcane genotypes under sub-tropical climate : Deterioration of whole stalk and billets. Sugar Tech, 5: 285-288. Rao, G.P., Tosic, M. and Ford, R.E. (1998). Tween 20 shortens and protocol for purification of sugarcane mosaic and maize dwarf mosaic potyviruses. Sugar Cane, 6: 19 - 22.
No author given
Anonynous (1974). The measurement of potato blight. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 31: 140 - 144.
Journal supplement
GryuIls, N.E. and Waterford, C.J. (1976). Transmission of the causal agent of chloris striate mosaic disease by insect injection and membrane feeding. Australian Plant Pathological Society Newsletter, 5 (Suppl.) 89.
Photographs
All photographs should be saved as JPEG image with a range of tone and good contrast. If necessary photographs should be supplied as clear black and white prints on glossy paper. Reproduction in colour will have to be approved by the editor. The extra cost fo colour reproduction will be charged to the author(s).
On-line journal
Gibbs, M.J., Ziegler, A., Robinson, D.J., Waterhouse, P.M. and Cooper, J.I. (1996). Carrot mottle mimic virus (CMoMV): a second umbravirus associated with carrot motley dwarf disease recognized by nucleic acid hybridization. Molecular Plant Pathology On-line [http://www.bspp.org.uklmppolJ 1999/ 1111gibbs.
Proof
Galley proofs will be sent to the corresponding author for final correction via e-mail as pdf-file. Alterations other than the correction of printing errors will be charged to the author(s).
Reprints
An electronic reprint (PDF) will be sent to the corresponding author free of charge. However, for print version, a nominal fee will be charged on per page basis. For India Rs 75 and for abroad US$ 5.00 will be charged per page for reprints upto a maximum of 20 reprints.
Chapter in a book
Jones, C.S., Smith, N. and Brown, R.S. (1979). Biology of diseases caused by Botrytis spp. In: N. Smith & R.S. Brown (eds.), Diseases of Vegetables. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford, UK. pp. 40 - 49.