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IX (CBSE) SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY) UNIT TEST - SOLUTIONS Matter and our Surroundings 9SUT102

Marks: 30 Duration: 1 hr

1. Are the melting point of the solid state and the freezing point of the liquid state of a substance different. (1 Mark) (Ans) No, these are the same. For example, melting pt. of ice = 0oc or 273K and freezing pt. of water = 0oc or 273K 2. A certain substance A cannot be compressed but takes up the shape of any container in which it is placed. What is the physical state of 'A'? (1 Mark) (Ans) As the substance'A'has fixed volume but lacks a fixed shape,it is liquid. 3. Suggest a method to liquify atmospheric gases. (1 Mark) (Ans) Atmospheric gases canbe liquified by lowering its temperature and increasing pressure simultaneously. 4. Why do we see water droplets on the outer surface of a glass containing ice-cold water? (2 Marks) (Ans) The water vapour present in air, on coming in contact with the cold glass of water, loses energy and gets condensed to liquid state,so we see them as water droplets. 5. Give reasons. a. Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any residue. b. We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away. (2 Marks) (Ans) a.Naphthalene sublimes at room temperature and the vapour of naphthalene either gets absorbed by the fabric or escapes into the atmosphere. b. The particles of perfume, in vapour form, diffuse into the air. As the gas molecules are continuously moving randomly they reach to a person sitting several metres away. 6. How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer? (2 Marks) (Ans) An earthen pot (matka) has small pores in its walls. When water is poured into
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it, some of it seeps through these pores to its outer surface. On reaching there, it evaporates.The heat required for evaporation is taken from the earthen pot and from the water in it. As a result, the water in an earthen pot gets cooled down. 7. For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during its phase change? (2 Marks) (Ans) This is because the heat supplied to the substance is used up (absorbed) in overcoming the intermolecular forces, and therefore, it does not show upa rise in the temperature. Thus, the heat supplied during melting and boiling remains hidden from the thermometer and is called latent heat. 8. Give reasons(A) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept. (B) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container. (C) A wooden table should be called a solid. (3 Marks) (Ans) (A) In gases, the intermolecular forces are negligible. So, the particles of gases are free to move in any direction. As a result, gases fill the container in which they are kept. (B) The particles in all the gases move with high speeds in all directions. When these particles strike the walls of the container, they exert force on the walls of the container. Force per unit area is called pressure. So, gases exert pressure on the walls of the container due to the impact of the striking particles. (C) Because1. It has a fixed shape and definite volume. 2. It is rigid and cannot be deformed easily as the intermolecular forces in wood are strong. 9. Differentiate between evaporation & boiling. (3 Marks) (Ans) Evaporation:1.It takes place of its own. 2.It takes place at all temperatures. 3. It is a surface phenomenon and occurs only from the surface of the liquid. Boiling:1. It occurs only when the liquid is heated. 2.It takes place at a specific temperature Known as the boiling point of a liquid. 3.It occurs from the surface as well as from below the surface of the liquid. 10. (a)If we break a piece of chalk, a wooden block, and an iron nail, we will observe that it is very difficult to break an iron nail, wooden block requires lesser force, while chalk can be broken easily. What can be concluded from these observations? (b)Though sponges can be compressed yet they are considered as solid. Give reasons. (c)Give an example of diffusion of solid in liquid. (3 Marks)
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(Ans) (a)These observations show the presence of forces of attraction between the particles. It also shows that the forces of attraction have varied strengths in differentforms ofmatter. (b)Sponges can be compressed because they contain pores in which air is trapped. During compression, the air trapped in pores comes out. (c) Potassium permanganate in water 11. (a)Why is it possible to compress oxygen? (b)Why gases have fluidity? (c)Density of gases is low. Give reason. (d)You have copper, water and oxygen. Which will have highest density and why? (e)Name two fuels which are based on the property of compressibility of gases? (5 Marks) (Ans) (a)Gases are highly compressible because the spaces between the particles of gases are very large as compared to solids and liquids. That is why oxygen can be compressed easily. (b)Gases have fluidity due to negligible inter particle force of attraction and large inter particle spaces. (c)Density of gases is low because the mass per unit volume of gas is low. (d)Copper willhavehighest density because mass per unit volume ofcopper is high. (e)LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) are two fuels that are based on the property of compressibility of gases. 12. (a)Which out of wood, sugar, water and hydrogen will exert highest pressure on the walls of container? (b)Freezing point of water is 0C, what will be its melting point? (c)What do you understand by liquefaction? (d)Why clothes dry up quickly on a windy day? (5 Marks) (Ans) (a) Hydrogen (b) Melting point of water = freezing point of water = 0C (c) The process by which a gas changes into liquid by giving out heat is called liquefaction. (d) Clothes dry up quickly on a windy day because wind takes away water vapours along with it. This decreases the amount of water vapours present in the surroundings, increasing the rate of evaporation.

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