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INTRODUCTION
The axisymmetric jet belongs to a class of turbulent flows called free shear flows. In jets, the cross-stream variation of mean velocity is maximum along the center-line and the value decreases as we move away from the center line. The mean velocity along x-axis plays relatively less role in the jet and mixing layers contrary to wakes where mean velocity along the x-direction is conspicuous. Hence, in jet flows U=O(Us), where Us is the cross-stream variation of mean velocity from center line. By doing order of magnitude analysis as explained H. Tennekes and J. L. Lumley in [1], we are left with pressure term equating the square of velocity fluctuation in the y-direction and also we infer from the stream-wise momentum equation that the x momentum removed by the cross-stream velocity fluctuation v is replaced by x-momentum and y-momentum carried by the mean flow.
=0
The variation of velocity as well as the integral scale of the turbulence can be estimated by the power law. For axisymmetric jet
Us~ 1 l~ 1
This can be used as the test for the simulation and check if the velocity profile is as predicted by the power law relation.
MESHING
The edge mesh was created first. The edge facing the inlet was split at (150, 1) to create a uniform mesh for the edge. This is required for creating a uniform mesh for the faces also. The mesh is fine near the inlet and gradually mesh widens as the distance from the center-line increases. As the problem is related to turbulent structure, the overall mesh is fine everywhere. But relatively, the mesh near the inlet and near the center-line is finer.
fluentMeshToFoam Jetflow.msh the mesh file is created and translated to be used in openFOAM. The mesh is checked by viewing the file in paraview.
Editing the controlDict: The iterations are controlled by the controlDict file in the SYSTEM folder. The start time is given as 0 in reference to the initial conditions are given. The endTime is 1000 as it is pisoFoam solver and only the residuals can give the convergence of the solution. The write interval is given as 10,000 as the file adds up to the memory of the system and only essential things must be commanded to be written in file as we can extract once the iteration convergence.
Calculation of k-epsilon: The model chosen for the analysis is k- model. The value of k and is determined as follows:In the Standard k- model, the fluctuating velocity is assumed to be 5% of the inlet velocity.
=1.125m/s
K=
=
The value is calculated to be 429.9797.
As the turbulence is unsteady flow field problem PISO algorithm was chosen for iteration Variable K u d tolerance Viscous model Solver Value 1.8984 m/s 429.9797 m3/s 22.5 m/s 1 cm 1e-5 K- PISO algorithm
Iteration is ru by typing pisoFOAM in the terminal from the directory in which the 0, constant and system files are stored. For the present case the mesh file is also stored in the same directory.
CONCLUSION
The mesh was not created in openFOAM using blockMesh but mesh generated using GAMBIT passed the checkMesh with no errors. For some reason the domain length created in GAMBIT didnt match with the mesh formed out of openFOAM. The pisoFOAM solver gave errors when the time step was reduced beyond order of 10e-3. The pressure outlet boundary condition on the upper surface and outlet was given on the trial-and-error basis and iterations were carried out in FLUENT. This mesh file was used because the results obtained from FLUENT did match the trend of the axisymmetric jet. Future works will include meshing the geometry entirely in openFOAM and using simpleFOAM solver to analyze the axisymmetric jets.