American Physical Society • January 2009

PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair | 35

ACTIVITY 3: Shake it up!

Bibliography/Suggested resources
National Academy of Sciences. Joseph Henry
http://www.nationalacademies.org/history/members/henry.html

University of Colorado at Boulder. PhET

program Key Question
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims. When a magnet is dropped through a coil of
php?sim=Faradays_Electromagnetic_Lab wire what happens in the wire? Does it depend
on the direction and speed of the magnet?
Wolfram Research. Faraday, Michael
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/
biography/Faraday.html

University of Virginia Physics Department. LED coil

http://demolab.phys.virginia.edu/demos/demos.asp?Demos=K&Subject=5&Demo=5K10.81#subtopic
American Physical Society • January 2009 PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair | 31

The world's fair was held in chicago in 1893. it was the first world’s fair to use electricity. during the late 1800s,
it was a coming-of-age era for the arts and architecture of the "American Renaissance". at that time, most of the
downtown buildings in the city were based on neoclassical architecture and made of white stucco, this gave chicago
the nickname “the white city.”

tesla and edison also bids for news about edison’s million Westinghouse,
westinghouse dollar bid got back to my dear fellow, don’t
the lucrative and
learned about important contract. westinghouse and tesla. panic. You must have
faith in my vision.
an engineering
competition to I can light the fair with Edison is a
“Light up the my DC system and my powerful man.
light bulbs. My name
chicago’s world fair”. will be in lights! My
It will be difficult
they knew if they got to compete with his
price is $1,000,000,
to do the high profile let’s see Westinghouse bid to light the
beat that price! World’s Fair.
project, it would go
far at showing the
public the importance
of their alternating
current system.

With your
So, what are assistance,
we WILL light
you thinking?
up Chicago. Westinghouse,
look here.

My alternating current
system is much more efficient
Edison’s direct current
than Edison’s direct current
floods the wires with electricity
system. Alternating current
that nearly melts the wires.
is always changing.
Also, his whole system is made
It flows to each light bulb
from expensive copper.
without losing power.

And Westinghouse,
since my AC system is more Tesla, your
efficient, we will only calculations
charge $500,000. are amazing!

Great! That’s half of

what Edison’s charging for
his system! We will surely
win the contract to light
the World’s Fair.
Edison has pulled
On the other side of town, his light bulbs out of
edison’s learns about the fair. How are we
westinghouse and tesla’s going to light the fair
being awarded the contract without his light bulbs?
to light the world’s fair.

He was angry that his bid was

not accepted, so he told the
fair officials ...
“Since my DC system will not No worries,
illuminate the World’s Fair, I’ll just have to make
then neither will my bulbs!“ a little light of
my own.
TO BE CONTINUED
32 |  PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair American Physical Society • January 2009

Te a c h e r ’ s
Guide ACTIVITY 3:
Shake it up!
Intro
In Activity 2 students learned that moving charges in the form of current create a magnetic
field. In this activity students will learn that a moving magnet will cause charges to move.
They will also learn that the direction in which the charges move depends on the direction
in which the magnet is dropped. These two activities together do a good job illustrating the
connections between electricity and magnetism.

Materials
Key Question
When a magnet is dropped through a coil
n Cardboard tube
of wire what happens in the wire? Does it n Long copper wire
depend on the direction and speed of the n Green LED
magnet? n Red LED
n 4 disk neodymium magnets
Key Terms n Steel slug
Magnetic field: A field that is produced
by either moving charges or a permanent
n Scissors
magnet. n Tape
n Ruler
Current: Movement of positive charges n Permanent marker
Diode: A diode only allows current to
flow in one direction. It’s like a one way
Before the activity students should know …
street for current. For current to flow, there must be a source of electrical
energy, like a battery or a wall socket.
LED: Light Emitting Diode. This is a type
of diode that lights up when current goes For a light to light, there must be current.
through it.

Induction: When current is created
from a changing magnetic field it is an
induced current. The process of changing
the magnetic field to create the current is
called induction.
Magnets have a north and a south pole.
After the activity students should know…
Moving a magnet through a coil of wire quickly enough will
cause a current to flow.

Direct Current (DC): In this type of

power the current never changes direction. The direction of the current depends on which pole of the
Batteries have this type of power. Edison’s magnet goes through the coil first.
power system was DC.

Alternating Current (AC): In this type
The amount of current depends on how fast the magnet
of power, current constantly changes falls.
direction, like water in a washing machine.
Wall sockets give this type of power. Tesla
invented a way to power cities, including
Chicago, with this type of power.
American Physical Society • January 2009 PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair | 33

ACTIVITY 3: Shake it up!

The science behind induction LED

Usually we think of a battery or wall power as the only way

to make current flow. Just connecting wire to a light bulb Wire
won’t cause it to light up; there must be a power source,
something to push the charges. It turns out that batteries
and sockets are not the only way to push positive charges
and create a current. When a magnet is moved through a
loop of wire the magnetic field the wire sees is changing
and this change causes the charges to move. This is a
fantastic and rare example of energy of motion, moving
the magnet, being changed into electrical energy. When
current is created by moving a magnet through a coil it S N
is said to be an “induced current.” Faraday’s Law is also Direction
of current Magnet
called the law of induction.

This phenomenon was discovered by both Michael Faraday

and Joseph Henry in 1831 but is called Faraday’s Law
because Faraday published his work first. In science it is
important to quickly publish your discoveries! Faraday
also discovered that the direction in which the magnet is
S N
moved will change the direction of the current. So if you
drop a magnet south end first through a coil the direction Direction
of the current will be different than if you dropped in north of current
end first.

Another important point is that the amount of current Lights up!

depends on how fast the magnetic field is changing. If the
field is changing quickly the current will be stronger than if
the field is changing more slowly. For this experiment it is Current

the moving magnet that makes the magnetic field near the Wire

wire change so if the magnet is dropped quickly there is a

Current
bigger current than if it is dropped slowly. The LED must + -
have a minimum current to make it light up. Even if there
is some current produced from a slowly falling magnet it
may not be enough for the LED to light. Your students will
investigate this and find that the magnet must be dropped
Flip the battery ....
straight through the coil and not slid down the side of the ... no current flow; no lights.
tube to make the LED light up.

If changing the direction of the magnet changes the direction

of the current, what happens if you shake the magnet - +
back and forth through the coil of wire? The current will
34 |  PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair American Physical Society • January 2009

ACTIVITY 3: Shake it up!

be changing direction constantly like a washing machine. This type of current is called
alternating current, or AC. This is the type of current that comes from our wall sockets. Tesla
designed a type of generator that moves magnets through coils of wire to create current and
because it was so efficient, this is the type of power we use.

DC, or direct current is the type of current that comes from a battery. The current is always
flowing in the same direction, like a stream. Edison designed all his systems based on this
type of current even though it was less efficient than an AC system and in the end it was
beaten by Tesla’s AC system. Interestingly, though AC comes into our homes, most of our
electronics are designed to run on DC power. This first thing the current passes through is a
device that converts the AC power to DC power.

It is possible to see Faraday’s law of induction using a very strong magnet, a coil of wire
and two LEDs. LED stands for “Light Emitting Diode.” When current tries to flow in one
direction it will pass through the diode and make it light up. However, if it tries to pass
through in the other direction it gets blocked and the light won’t light. By attaching 2 LEDs
to a coil of wire it is possible to drop a magnet through the coil and watch the LED light up.
If the LEDs are attached so that one lets current through in one direction while one lets current
through in the other it is possible to see which direction the current is flowing. Manufacturers
of LEDs let us know which way current can flow by making one leg of the LED longer than
the other. Current is allowed to flow from the long leg, through the LED and then through
the short leg. It is not allowed to flow from the short leg to the long leg. Remember, current
flows from positive to negative so if the long leg of the LED were put against the positive
end of the battery and the short leg against the negative end, current would flow and the LED
would light. However, if the LED were flipped, with the short leg on the positive end, current
would not flow and the LED would not light.

Safety
The magnets used are quite strong. It is very important to be careful when handling them.
If two are brought close together and part of a finger is in the way it will be pinched. Do
not swallow the magnets. Do not bring them near cell phones, computers, iPods or credit
cards.

Corresponding extension activities

n Homemade battery – Use common household products to build a battery
n Mechanical flashlight— Use mechanical energy to light a flashlight
n Wearable LED – Make a little light for your shirt or backpack.
36 |  PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair American Physical Society • January 2009

Student’s Guide
ACTIVITY 3: Shake it up!
Intro
You’ve seen that current can create a magnetic field but is there a
way that a magnetic field can create current? In fact there is! It
is this idea that is the basis for Tesla’s powerful AC generators.

Cardboard Materials
tube
n Cardboard tube
n Long copper wire
n Green LED
n Red LED
n 4 disk neodymium magnets
Magnets Steel
slug n Steel slug
n Compass
n Scissors
n Tape (electrical)
n Ruler
n Permanent marker
Wire
Tape
to tube Drop the stacked Getting started
magnets down
the tube What is a “complete circuit”? ___________________________
___________________________________________________

What type of things can make current flow in a circuit?

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

How might you be able to tell if current is flowing?

___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

Can you think of a way you could tell which direction current is
flowing? ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________
LED

Setting up the experiment

1. Use the scissors to scrape the coating off of each end of
LED the copper wire.
2. Put a piece of tape 0.5-inch from one end of the tube.
3. Tape one end of your wire 1.5-inch from the same end of
the tube. Leave the scraped off end free from the tape.
4. Wrap the rest of the wire around the tube making sure to
keep your coils between the two tape marks.
American Physical Society • January 2009 PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair | 37

ACTIVITY 3: Shake it up!

5. Use tape to secure the coil.
6. Twist the longer leg of the red LED around the shorter leg of the green LED and mark this
side with a permanent marker.
7. Now twist the short leg of the red LED around the long leg of the green LED and leave
unmarked.
8. Twist the end of the copper wire that is taped to the tube around the marked end of your LED
set up.
9. Twist the unmarked end around the other end of the copper wire.
10. Put two magnets on either end of the steel slug (you need all four magnets)
11. Use your compass to figure out which end of the magnet and slug combination is north and
mark it with an “N”. Mark the other end with an “S” for south.

Collecting data
Hold the tube at a 45 degree angle and slide the magnet down the tube north end first.
What happened to the LEDs?

Now hold the tube at a 70 degree angle and slide the magnet down the tube north end first. What
happened to the LEDs?

Now hold the tube completely vertical and drop the magnet north end first down the tube. What
happened to the LEDs?

Repeat these three steps but this time drop the magnet south end first.

What happened to the LEDs at each step?

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Trial Red lit Green lit

45 degrees, north first ________ ________
70 degrees, north first ________ ________
Vertical, north first ________ ________
45 degrees, south first ________ ________
70 degrees, south first ________ ________
Vertical, south first ________ ________
38 |  PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair American Physical Society • January 2009

ACTIVITY 3: Shake it up!

Analyzing your results

What types of energy do you see in each step of the experiment?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

How is energy being changed from one form to another? _______________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Sometimes the green LED lit up, sometimes the red LED lit up and sometimes neither did. What
is the pattern you saw? __________________________________________________________

When did the red LED light and when did the green LED light? __________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

What is flowing in the wire? Can you tell the direction? _______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________-

What things do you need to make the LEDs light up? __________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Could you ever make them light at the same time? ____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

How would the current behave if you dropped a magnet north end first and then very quickly
dropped a magnet south end first? _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Using your results to help Tesla

You have almost done it faithful sidekick. You have found 2 of Tesla’s tools and you are about
to chase yet another pigeon to find the third Those pigeons are fast, but you are faster. Now you
need to find which one has Tesla’s tool. When you dropped the magnet north side first when the
tube was held vertically, which LED lit up?

Green Chase the white pigeon

Red Chase the gray pigeon
Both Chase the pigeon with stripes
Neither Chase the pigeon with a white body and gray head
American Physical Society • January 2009 PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair | 39

Tesla my boy, what do you have

churning in that brain of yours?
Surely, we are doomed. ”The Electric Field! Michael Faraday*
We are out in the described the electric field as the
field without ‘Lines of Force‘ created by electric
Tesla, are you crazy?
an ox … charge. The electric field emanates
I was only making a
so to speak. throughout space and fills each
farmer’s analogy. What
of us with a potential
are you talking about?
to create light.”

* Michael Faraday was an

English chemist and physicist
who pioneered experiments
in electricity and magnetism.
He established the basis for
Here’s what I’m thinking; the magnetic field concept
Edison can keep his oxen. in physics.
We will use the ”field”
to light up Chicago!

Direct current only My light bulbs

creates a short pulse contain gases
in the electric field. that will
Filament harness the
DC electric field and
ionize it to form
Edison’s light bulbs
create light by glowing plasma.
heating a carbon
AC filament until it glows. The alternating
This is clearly the brute current will excite
force method. Edison’s the gas 60 times in
Given enough electricity, bulb one second. This is
anything will glow, but Tesla’s faster than the eye
very inefficiently. You bulb can detect and the
However, my alternating current creates know what they say most efficient
waves in the electric field that carry energy about Edison, the frequency for the
through space and time to each light bulb. light is on upstairs generators.
but no one is home.

We now fast forward

the story to the 1893
Chicago World’s Fair, Today, you’re about to see the future of electric
If a passenger on a train carries a charged
Where Tesla’s AC power. A young immigrant named Nikola Tesla
balloon then the person on the embankment
electrical system is in followed the American dream and constructed
will observe a magnetic field but the passenger
place. President Grover the electrical system that will bring light and the
won’t. How can this be? As your president,
Cleveland* is at the modern world to our cities and homes. Imagine
I will strive for equality among all observers!
main stage giving a riding on a quiet elevated electric train,
speech.
Today we are embarking on a new era of
or lighting your house with the flip of a switch
humanity that will lead us toward this goal.
and turning it off with the clap of your hands.

Ladies and
gentlemen,
let’s light up
this city!

** Stephen Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd

and 24th President of the United States. CONTINUED ON PAGE 46
40 |  PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair American Physical Society • January 2009

Te a c h e r ’ s
Guide ACTIVITY 4:
Magnet powered pinwheel
Intro
In activity 3 the students saw that a moving magnet will make
charges move and cause a current, which lights a light bulb. In this Key Question
activity students will see that current moving through a magnet How can you make a pinwheel turn
will cause the magnet to turn. Magnetic motion creates current, using a magnet and a battery?
and then current creates magnetic motion. There is nothing like
Key Terms
using advanced physics to spin a pinwheel! Permanent magnet: A substance
such as iron that produces a magnetic
Materials field. A refrigerator magnet is a good
n C battery example of this type of magnet.
n Nail
Current: Flow of positive charges.
n Pinwheel top When a complete circuit is created
n Magnet with a battery, current flows.
n Insulated wire
n Tape (electrical) Magnetic field: A field produced
by either a permanent magnet or a
current. At every point it has both a
Before the activity students should know … strength and a direction.
When materials such as iron come in contact with a strong magnet
they also become magnets. Force: Objects move only when a
force is applied to them.
When things move it is because they feel a force.
Radius: Line from the center of a
circle to the outer edge of the circle.
Current is the motion of positive charges.

After the activity students should know…

When charges move in a magnetic field they feel a force

The direction of the force they feel is related to the direction

of the magnetic field and the direction in which the charges are
moving.

The science behind the simple motor

In experiment 3 the students learned that when magnets move

they can create a current. In this experiment, just the opposite
happens. Here, current is going to flow through a magnet and
now the moving charges that make up the current will feel a force
which makes the magnet turn.

Current is moving charges. Because of Ben Franklin’s convention we always assume it is positive charges
moving, even though we really now know it is negatively charged electrons. From now on we are just
going to assume that the positive charges are moving, thank you Ben.
American Physical Society • January 2009 PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair | 41

ACTIVITY 4: Magnet powered pinwheel

The tricky thing about electromagnetism is that when charges are sitting still they don’t interact
with a magnetic field that is constant. So an electron could happily sit next to a refrigerator
magnet forever and feel nothing at all. But electricity starts affecting magnetism and vice versa
as soon as one starts changing. In experiment 3 you saw what happened when it was the magnet
that moved. It made the positive charges in the wire coil move and current flowed which made
the diode light up. This activity will look at what happens when charges move through a magnetic
field that isn’t changing.

This time the magnetic field is produced by the neodymium magnet so it won’t be changing, but
current will be flowing so charges are moving. If charges sit very still, a magnetic field won’t
affect them, but if the charges begin to move they feel a force from the magnetic field. The
direction of the force depends on which way the charge is moving and which way the magnetic
field is going. The interesting thing is that the force the positive charge feels is not in the direction
of the magnetic field or of its motion, it is perpendicular to both. This force is called the Lorenz
force after Hendrik Lorentz who discovered it in 1892.

When the motor is connected and current is flowing there are positive charges flowing through
the magnet. During the activity the direction of current will change, sometimes it will be flowing
down the nail, through the magnet and to the outside edge of the magnet. Sometime it will flow
from the outside edge through to the middle and back up the nail. ither way the direction of the
current flow will be along the radius of the magnet. The magnetic field points from one flat side
of the magnet to the other.

The only direction that is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of the current
is the direction that would cause the pinwheel to spin. This force on the charges moving through
the magnet is so strong that is causes the magnet and therefore pinwheel, to turn. The force
is always in a direction that causes the magnet to turn, but it doesn’t always turn in the same
direction. During this activity the students will set up the motor in various configurations and see
which way the magnet turns. At the end of this activity your students are asked to find a rule to
predict which way the force will point for a given magnetic field direction and current direction.
This is no easy task and they may be a bit stumped but it is a good exercise for them to think
through. If they cannot agree on an answer, they will still be able to find the correct answer to the
PhysicsQuest mystery. An explanation of the rule your students are asked to find is given in the
first reference in the bibliography.

Apart from the main physics in this activity there is a little extra piece shown when the nail is
hung from the battery. When a strong magnet is attached to certain metals it makes the metal
object magnetic as well. In this case the neodymium magnet is attached to the head of a nail and
then the nail itself becomes magnetic. Your students have probably stumbled across this before
with paper clips. If paper clips are touching a magnet, they also become magnets and can pick
up more paper clips. Because the end of a battery is made of steel, which will allow magnets to
stick, when the magnet is attached to the head of the nail and nail becomes a magnet it can hang
from the end of the battery.
42 |  PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair American Physical Society • January 2009

ACTIVITY 4: Magnet powered pinwheel

Battery

Pinwheel

Nail

C
Magnet
Back of pinwheel
(lay flat)

Current

Magnetic field Magnetic field

Magnet
Detailed area

Force

Current
American Physical Society • January 2009 PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair | 43

ACTIVITY 4: Magnet powered pinwheel

Safety
Just as in activity two, if the wire is held for too long it may get hot. Only touch the wire to
the magnet long enough to observe the direction of the spinning pinwheel.

Corresponding extension activities

n Steamroller motor: Spin a battery like a mini steamroller
n Electric whirl pool: Watch water swirl using electricity
n Electric train: Magnetic wheels propel down an electric track

Bibliography/Suggested resources
Chiaverina, Christopher, The Simplest Motor?, The Physics Teacher 42 553 (2004)

Peter L. Vogel Magnet-nail Motor Physics On-Line

http://www.ndrs.org/physicsonline/motor/index.htm

Hendrik A. Lorentz Nobelprize.org

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1902/lorentz-bio.html

Ron Kurtus Magnetism and the Lorentz Force. School for Champions
http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/magnetism_lorentz.htm
44 |  PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair American Physical Society • January 2009

Student’s Guide
ACTIVITY 4: Magnet powered pinwheel
Intro
This is your last task before Tesla can light the fair. You, trusty sidekick, have come a long
way. You have learned about light, magnetism and electricity. Now, you will pull together
everything you have learned to create a motor to turn a pinwheel. If you are up to the challenge
you will track down the last pigeon and help Tesla save the day and illuminate the greatest
world’s fair in history. It is up to you, don’t let your hero down!

In activities two and three you saw that current creates a magnetic field and that a changing
magnetic field creates a current. In this activity you get to find out what happens when charges
move through a magnetic field. Shocking!

Materials
n C cell battery Key Question
How can you make a pinwheel turn using a magnet and a battery?
n Nail
n Pinwheel top
n Magnet
n Insulated wire
n Tape

Getting Started
Why do things move? What is a force?

What direction of force would cause something to spin?

What types of motors can you think of? What do they have in common?

Do you think a magnetic field can affect positive charges if they are sitting still? What if
they are moving?

Setting up the Experiment

1. Use your compass to figure out which end of the flat neodymium magnet is north
and which is south. Use a permanent marker and put an S on the south end and an
N on the north end.
2. Put the magnet on the head of the nail with the “N” side against the head.
3. Tape the pinwheel top to the other side of the magnet.
4. The nail will now be magnetic thanks to the magnet. Hang the nail by its point from
the negative side of the battery.
5. Hold the battery so the nail is hanging and free to move.
American Physical Society • January 2009 PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair | 45

ACTIVITY 4: Magnet powered pinwheel

Collecting data
Draw your set up, indicating where the north and south ends
of the magnet are as well as the positive and negative ends
of the battery.

Now touch the wire to both the positive end of the battery
and the magnet.

Wire What happens? __________________________________

C
Now hang the magnet and nail from the positive end of
the battery and touch the wire to the negative end and the
magnet.
Wire
Magnet What happened? How does this compare to what happened
before? _________________________________________
________________________________________________

You have changed the direction of the current flow through

the magnet by putting the nail on the other side, besides
changing the current, what else could you change in this
experiment?

If you said the magnet, good job! If you didn’t, good job! We
are going to see what happens when the magnet is flipped,
Current but if you came up with something else to change, great! Try
it!

Pull the pinwheel top off the magnet and flip the magnet so
the “S” is against the nail head, reattach the pinwheel, and
repeat the experiment.
C Record your results in the table. Next to each set up check
Connect
the wires either clockwise or counterclockwise to indicate which way
the pinwheel turned. Assume you are looking down at the
pinwheel.

Set-up Clockwise Counter-clockwise

1. “N” on nail head, nail on + _________ _____________
2. “N” on nail head, nail on – _________ _____________
Pinwheel 3. “S” on nail head, nail on + _________ _____________
spins 4. “S” on nail head, nail on – _________ _____________
46 |  PHYSICS QUEST 2008: Nikola Tesla and the Electric Fair American Physical Society • January 2009

ACTIVITY 4: Magnet powered pinwheel

Analyzing your results

Draw the two set ups that made the pinwheel turn clockwise. Make
sure you include the direction of the current.

Draw the two set ups that made the pinwheel turn counterclockwise.
Make sure you include the direction of the current.

What other things might you be able to spin with a set up like this?
____________________________________________________

When the current was flowing positive charges moved through the
magnet. These charges felt a force from the magnet and caused the
magnet to turn. In each case you investigated, which direction was
the force? ___________________________________________

How does that compare to the direction of the current and magnetic
field? _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________

Can you come up with a way to predict the direction of force if you
know the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the
current?

Using your results to help Tesla light the fair:

Congratulations! You have learned an amazing amount of physics.

In fact, you have explored the physics that is the basis for our entire
electric life. You created light with a moving magnet and moved a
motor with a current and a magnet. You learned how light travels
through materials and seen that current does more than just light
light bulbs, it creates magnetic fields. You are a truly worthy sidekick
and perhaps one day you will be a physics superhero with your own
side kick! Tesla would be lost without your help. Now you have
just one more pigeon to find. Which two set-ups made the pinwheel
turn counterclockwise? Now go chase that pigeon! You have done
it! Read on to find out what happens and if Tesla is saved!

First and fourth set-up Chase the white pigeon

Second and third set-up Chase the gray pigeon
First and third set-up Chase the pigeon with stripes
Second and fourth set-up Chase the pigeon with the
the gray head and white body