EXPERIMENT APPARATUS

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PNEUMATICS TP101 Festo Basic Level Pneumatics Toolbox Festo Fluidsim software

THEORY Pneumatics

Pneumatic controls are very common in industrial use, primarily for applications that require a fixed distance travel of or reciprocation of objects. Ex:- transfer of materials between conveyors, clamping objects for assembly or testing, punch presses etc. Compressed air is used to generate the actuating action Major functions of pneumatics Determine the status of processors(sensors) Information processing(processors) Switching of actuators by means of final control elements Carrying out work(actuators) In industry,electricity,fluid(hydraulics) and compressed air(pneumatics) use as a working media. Pneumatic control system architecture

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Symbols of used components in this experiment

Methods of actuation of pneumatics valves are Manual Mechanical Pneumatic Electrical Combined

Manual

Mechanical

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Pneumatic

Electrical

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Practical No.01 Direct Control of a Single Acting Cylinder Task:A single acting cylinder is to clamp a component when a push button is pressed. As long as the push button is activated, the cylinder is to remain in the clamp position. If the push button is released, the clamp is to retract.

Apparatus used: 3/2-way valve with selector switch, normally closed 3/2-way valve with pushbutton actuator, normally closed Single-acting cylinder Start-up valve with filter control valve Pressure regulator valve with gauge Manifold Plastic tubing (10 m,PUN 4x0.75)

Procedure: First a sketch was drawn and then circuit was design using festo fluidsim software. Then circuit was simulated and checked according to given task. Necessary corrections were made according to given task when simulating to perform the given task correctly. Finally simulated circuit was buildup on the festo pneumatic workbench using relevant components. After circuit was build , compressed air was supplied to circuit and check where its working according to given task.

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Pneumatics Circuit Diagram And Simulation For Practical No.01

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Practical No.02 Direct Control of a Double Acting Cylinder

Task:A double acting cylinder is to extend when a push button is operated. Upon release of the pushbutton the cylinder is to retract.

Apparatus used: 3/2-way valve with selector switch, normally closed 5/2-way valve with selector switch (with pushbutton actuator valve required, use this due to unavailability) Double-acting cylinder Start-up valve with filter control valve Pressure regulator valve with gauge Manifold Plastic tubing (10 m,PUN 4x0.75)

Procedure: First a sketch was drawn and then circuit was design using festo fluidsim software. Then circuit was simulated and checked according to given task. Necessary corrections were made according to given task when simulating to perform the given task correctly. Finally simulated circuit was buildup on the festo pneumatic workbench using relevant components. After circuit was build , compressed air was supplied to circuit and check where its working according to given task.

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Pneumatics Circuit Diagram And Simulation For Practical No.02

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Practical No.03 Indirect Control of a Single Acting Cylinder Task:A single-acting cylinder with a large piston diameter is to clamp a workpiece following actuation of a push button. The cylinder is to retract once the push button is released.

Apparatus used: 3/2-way valve with selector switch, normally closed 3/2-way valve with pushbutton actuator, normally closed 3/2-way pneumatic valve, pneumatically actuated, one side Single-acting cylinder Start-up valve with filter control valve Pressure regulator valve with gauge Manifold Plastic tubing (10 m,PUN 4x0.75)

Procedure: First a sketch was drawn and then circuit was design using festo fluidsim software. Then circuit was simulated and checked according to given task. Necessary corrections were made according to given task when simulating to perform the given task correctly. Finally simulated circuit was buildup on the festo pneumatic workbench using relevant components. After circuit was build , compressed air was supplied to circuit and check where its working according to given task.

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Pneumatics Circuit Diagram And Simulation For Practical No.03

Indirect control is useful when controlling high load with using pneumatics.When use indirect control high pressure handing output valve required and other valves/components in the controlling circuit are working with normal low pressure.If try to use direct control all valves,component require with that output high pressure. Therefore when handling high load, indirect control is required.

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Practical No.04 Indirect Control of a Double Acting Cylinder with Speed Control of a Cylinder Apparatus used: 3/2-way valve with selector switch, normally closed 3/2-way valve with pushbutton actuator, normally closed 5/2-way valve with selector switch (with pushbutton actuator valve required, use this due to unavailability) 5/2-way double pilot valve, pneumatically actuated, both sides Double-acting cylinder One-way flow control valves - 2 Start-up valve with filter control valve Pressure regulator valve with gauge Manifold Plastic tubing (10 m,PUN 4x0.75)

Procedure: First a sketch was drawn and then circuit was design using festo fluidsim software. Then circuit was simulated and checked according to given task. Necessary corrections were made according to given task when simulating to perform the given task correctly. Finally simulated circuit was buildup on the festo pneumatic workbench using relevant components. After circuit was build , compressed air was supplied to circuit and check where its working according to given task.

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Pneumatics Circuit Diagram And Simulation For Practical No.04

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Practical No.05 Roller Lever Operation af a Double Acting Cylinder With Speed Control of a Cylinder

Apparatus used: 3/2-way valve with selector switch, normally closed 5/2-way valve with selector switch (with pushbutton actuator valve required, use this due to unavailability) 5/2-way double pilot valve, pneumatically actuated, both sides 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed Double-acting cylinder One-way flow control valves - 2 Start-up valve with filter control valve Pressure regulator valve with gauge Manifold Plastic tubing (10 m,PUN 4x0.75)

Procedure: First a sketch was drawn and then circuit was design using festo fluidsim software. Then circuit was simulated and checked according to given task. Necessary corrections were made according to given task when simulating to perform the given task correctly. Finally simulated circuit was buildup on the festo pneumatic workbench using relevant components. After circuit was build , compressed air was supplied to circuit and check where its working according to given task.

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Pneumatics Circuit Diagram And Simulation For Practical No.05

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DISCUSSION

In this experiment direct and indirect control of actuation done by using pneumatics. Indirect control is useful when controlling high load with using pneumatics.When use indirect control high pressure handing output valve required and other valves/components in the controlling circuit are working with normal low pressure.If try to use direct control all valves,component require with that output high pressure. Therefore when handling high load, indirect control is required. In the practical of indirect control of a double acting cylinder with speed control of a cylinder, we learned how to control the air flow using flow control valves. In the practical no.05 roller lever operation af a double acting cylinder with speed control of a cylinder, we learned how use signal input devices in pneumatics circuit . We used 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed for get input of the position of cylinder. We learned how to work supply elements, input elements, processing elements, control elements and power components using festo pneumatics work bench and components. Fluidsim software used to design and simulation of the given circuits. After simulation, all circuits prepare and run on the festo workbench.

Applications of Pneumatics

Application

Characteristics

Platform positioning

Good dynamics Large working efforts Accuracy of positioning Simplicity of a design

Tightening devices

The big efforts of a clip Compactness Small weight

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Sorting levers

Big working efforts and acceleration Simplicity of a design Amortization of working loadings

Elevating devices

Big working efforts and acceleration Amortization of working loadings Simplicity of a design

Brake actuator

Good controllability Absence of friction of rest Simplicity of a design and operation

Underwater devices

Corrosion preventing Tightness Small consumption of working gas

Walking platforms

Good dynamics Simplicity of a design Small weight Ease of positioning

Counterbalancing devices

Adjustment of elasticity Adaptibility of characteristics Smoothness of job Small weight

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The scheme of the mobile robot:

1,2 longitudinal pneumatic cylinders; 3,4 transversal pneumatic cylinders; 5 lifting cylinder; 6 pedipulator; 7 metaldetector; 8 infra-red sensor; 9 the chemical sensor; 10 sensor of longitudinal position movement; 11 - sensor of cross-section position movement; 12 - block of valves; 13 block of rotation; 14 electronic compass; 15 onboard compass

The scheme of batching:

1 tank; 2 fluid; 3 a lever with a ladle; 4 - power cylinder; 5 accepting chamber

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The scheme of the pneumatic processing center for materials sawing:

1 -work material; 2 -a power cylinder for a longitudinal motion; 3 - a power cylinder for a vertical motion; 4 saw; 5 supports; 6 rotary actuator

Packaging industry

Automobile industry

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Advantages and disadvantages of pneumatics Advantages: simplicity of realization relatively to small back and forth motions; sophisticated transfer mechanisms are not required low cost high speed of moving ease at reversion movements tolerance to overloads, up to a full stop. high reliability of work explosion and fire safety ecological purity ability to accumulation and transportation normally air is available in unlimited quantities in any place after compressed, air can be stored in reservoir. relatively insensitive to temperature fluctuations. unlubricated exhaust air is clean very fast working medium. High working speed

Disadvantages: compressibility of the air impossibility to receive uniform and constant speed of the working bodies movement difficulties in performance at slow speed limited conditions use of compressed air is beneficial up to the definite values of pressure (the cost of compressed air productior increases sharply when the pressure in the system exceeds 810 bar) compressed air requires good preparation (the air should be cleared of mechanical impurity and should be free of moisture) Exhaust air is loud.Can prevent some levels by sound absorption materials and silencers.

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