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  • Omics Sciences

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    lokeshkasani
    191 vues20 pages
    This document provides an overview of various omics sciences including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and connectomics. It describes what each field studies, key tools and techniques used, significant historical landmarks, and potential future applications. The largest section focuses on genomics and provides details on the Human Genome Project and significant figures like Francis Collins and J. Craig Venter. The document aims to explain the "big picture" perspective of looking at entire biological systems using large-scale omics data.

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    This document provides an overview of various omics sciences including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and connectomics. It describes what each field studies, key tools and techniques used, significant historical landmarks, and potential future applications. The largest section focuses on genomics and provides details on the Human Genome Project and significant figures like Francis Collins and J. Craig Venter. The document aims to explain the "big picture" perspective of looking at entire biological systems using large-scale omics data.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    191 vues20 pages

    Omics Sciences

    Transféré par

    lokeshkasani
    This document provides an overview of various omics sciences including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and connectomics. It describes what each field studies, key tools and techniques used, significant historical landmarks, and potential future applications. The largest section focuses on genomics and provides details on the Human Genome Project and significant figures like Francis Collins and J. Craig Venter. The document aims to explain the "big picture" perspective of looking at entire biological systems using large-scale omics data.

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 20

    -Omics Sciences

    Sam Powell

    -Omics??

    What does it mean?


    Large-scale study Looking at the big picture The whole system Hundreds, to thousands, to hundreds of thousands, to millions of data points

    Bioinformatics

    Types of Omics Sciences


    Genomics Proteomics Metabolomics Connectomics

    Genomics

    Study of genomes But whats a genome?

    Entirety of an organisms genetic information

    Tools of the Trade


    DNA Sequencing Microarrays

    Significant Landmarks

    Human Genome Project (HGP)


    NIH Francis Collins Celera Shotgun approach

    J. Craig Venter

    Joint announcement

    Future application

    Personalized Medicine Other related omics fields


    Cognitive Genomics Comparative Genomics Functional Genomics Metagenomics Epigenomics Transcriptomics

    Venters Synthetic Genomics

    Proteomics

    Study of the structure and function of proteins Proteome=the entire complement of proteins of a given organism More complex than genome

    Changes in response to environment One gene => hundreds (or even thousands) of different proteins Post-translational modification

    Tools of the Trade


    Western Blot 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis


    Isoelectric focusing SDS-PAGE

    ELISA and BCA analysis Electrospray ionization

    Significant Landmarks

    1994: Marc Wilkins => proteome 1997: Marc Wilkins => Proteome Research: New Frontiers in Functional Genomics 2000: Publication of most complete proteome from Mycoplasma genitalium (Wasginer et al) ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System)

    http://expasy.org/

    Online databases/resources

    Future Application

    Drug therapies Pharmagenomics

    Metabolomics

    Metabolites=end products of cellular processes Metabolome= the sum total of all metabolites in a biological cell The systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind

    Tools of the Trade


    Gas chromatography High performance liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry NMR spectroscopy

    Significant Landmarks

    Older than you may think

    Ancient China

    1971: Horning et al. introduced the term metabolic profile

    Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in urine and tissue extracts

    1974: Sealy et al. use NMR to detect metabolites in unmodified biological samples 2005: First metabolomics database: METLIN

    http://metlin.scripps.edu/

    Human Metabolome Project (Dr. David Wishart)

    Future Application

    Toxicology Nutrigenomics Metabolism

    Connectomics

    High-throughput application of neural imaging Connectome

    Comprehensive map of neural connections in brain

    Tools of the Trade

    Diffusion MRI

    Tractography Diffusion Tensor Imaging Diffusion Spectrum Imagining

    Significant Landmarks

    2005: Dr. Olaf Sporns and Dr. Patric Hagmann suggest term connectome Dr. Sebastian Seung at MIT

    I Am My Connectome TED Talk: www.ted. com/talks/sebastian_seung.html

    Human Connectome Project

    Future Applications

    Figuring out consciousness Individuality, personality, memory Psychiatric disorders My research with Dr. Parikh

    Crazy for Omics!

    Changing our world

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