BT 0086 Mobile Computing Contents

Unit 1 Introduction to Mobile Computing Unit 2 Wireless Mobile Communication Unit 3 Mobile Digital Systems Unit 4 Cellular Multiple Access Technologies Unit 5 Mobile Data Network Unit 6 Wireless Local Area Networks Unit 7 Wireless Protocols Unit 8 Protocols for Wireless Applications 1 19 34 57 73 86 105 126

Unit 9 Network Architecture Supporting Wireless Applications 142

BKID B1181 7 May 2010
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Unit 10 Architecture of Wireless LANs Unit 11 GSM Architecture Unit 12 Air- interface Physical Layer I

161 180 202 220 236 255

Unit 13
Air-interface Physical Layer - II

Unit 14
Routing Protocols in Mobile and Wireless Networks Acknowledgements, References and Suggested Readings

Dean Directorate of Distance Education Sikkim Manipal University (SMU DDE) Board of Studies Chairman Head IT, SMU DDE, Manipal 576 104 Additional Registrar SMU DDE Manipal 576 104 Mr. Nirmal Kumar Nigam HOPIT, SMU DDE, Manipal576 104 Dr. A. Kumaran Research Manager (Multilingual) Microsoft Research Labs India Bangalore. Addl. Registrar (S. E) Mr. P. S. Ravindranath Office of the Student Evaluation Director (Quality) Manipal 576 104 Yahoo India, Bangalore. Prof. Bhushan Patwardhan Dr. Ashok Kallarakkal Chief Academics Vice President Manipal Education, Bangalore IBM India, Bangalore. Dr. Harishchandra Hebbar Mr. H. Hiriyannaiah Director Group Manager Manipal Centre for Info. Sciences, Manipal. EDS Mphasis, Bangalore. Dr. N. V. Subba Reddy Dr. Ashok Hegde HOD-CSE Vice President Manipal Institute of Technology MindTree Consulting Ltd. Manipal 576104 Bangalore Dr. Ramprasad Varadachar Director, Computer Studies Dayanand Sagar College of Engg., Bangalore Content Preparation Team Content Writing Mr. Vinayak G. Pai. Assistant Professor IT Sikkim Manipal University DDE, Manipal Instructional Design Mr. Kulwinder Pal Assistant Professor Education Sikkim Manipal University DDE Manipal. Content Editing Mr. Vinay Menon Asst Professor CSE NMAMIT. Nitte Mangalore Language Editing Ms. Aparna Ramanan Assistant Professor English Sikkim Manipal University DDE Manipal.

Edition: Spring 2009 Printed: May 2010 This book is a distance education module comprising a collection of learning material for our students. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim. Printed and published on behalf of Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim by Mr. Rajkumar Mascreen, GM, Manipal Universal Learning Pvt. Ltd., Manipal 576 104. Printed at Manipal Press Limited, Manipal.

SUBJECT INTRODUCTION
Mobile Computing (BT 0086) is a four credit subject in the fifth semester of B.Sc. IT Program. The quest of man to communicate over long distances resulted in the invention of Telegraphy and Telephony. The limitations of Conventional Telephony in terms of its stationary nature resulted in development of Mobile Telephones and Cellular systems. The developments in this field is occurring so fast that industry experts feel that the rate of growth in Mobile Cellular Communications has been more than the rate of growth in Internet. This Book is designed to cover the basic concepts of Mobile communications and it gives the student a broad understanding of the concepts involved. The subject is divided into 14 units, the overview of which is given below: Unit 1: Introduction to Mobile Computing This unit deals with Radio Basics such as electromagnetic energy, frequency and wavelength. It also explains spectrum management and Cellular Access Technologies. Unit 2: Wireless Mobile Communication This unit explains the Origin of Mobile Phone. Early radiotelephone systems, the birth of the mobile phone, Communication modes, basic network designs and Cellular infrastructure are also dealt in this unit. Unit 3: Mobile Digital Systems This unit explains the concept of Cellular Communication, radio propagation in mobile environment, and global system for mobile. It also discusses about Mobile Management and Network Management. Unit 4: Cellular Multiple Access Technologies This unit discusses the terminologies of wireless communication, Characteristics of Wireless Communication System and different Multiple Access Technologies such as Frequency Division Multiple Access, Time Division Multiple Access and code Division Multiple Access.

Unit 5: Mobile Data Network This unit gives a clear explanation to LANS, WANS, Wide Area Mobile Data, Different air-link standards for Data and Mobile Operating Systems. Unit 6: Wireless Local Area Networks This unit discuses on Virtual LANs, Wideband Wireless Data Access based on OFDM and Dynamic Packet Assignment, Media Access Control (MAC) Protocols for Wideband Wireless Local Access and IEEE 802.11. Unit 7: Wireless Protocols In this unit we discuss wireless protocol requirements, medium access control protocols, hybrid and adaptive MAC Protocol, adaptive request channel multiple access protocol and their performance analysis. Unit 8 : Protocols for Wireless Applications This unit focuses on mobile and wireless devices. It explains the features of mobile and wireless devices, how to access the Web and lists the role of Wireless Application Environment and Wireless Datagram Protocol. Unit 9: Network Architecture Supporting Wireless Applications This unit describes Wireless Application Environment (WAE) Architecture, Wireless Telephony Application (WTA) Architecture and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and Push Architecture Unit 10: Architecture of Wireless LANs This unit starts with explaining Radio Frequency Systems and Infrared Systems. Then, it deals with Spread Spectrum Implementation and at the end of the unit IEEE 802.11 WLAN Architecture and Bluetooth technology will be discussed. Unit 11: GSM Architecture This unit starts with GSM system architecture. Then we discuss International mobile station equipment identity, International mobile subscriber identity, location area identity, temporary mobile subscriber identity and also Network Interfaces And Configurations. Unit 12: Air-interface Physical Layer I This unit deals with logical channels and physical channel. Under logical channel, we discuss traffic channel and signalling channel. Under physical

channel we discus about Modulation, Multiple access, duplexing and Optional frequency hopping. Unit 13: Air-interface Physical Layer II This unit describes channel coding, source coding and speech Processing. In addition to this External error protection: block coding, Internal error protection: convolutional coding and interleaving is also discussed here. Unit 14: Routing Protocols in Mobile and Wireless Networks This unit deals with table-driven routing protocols and on- demand Routing Protocols. Under Table-Driven Routing Protocols we study Destinationsequenced distance-vector routing, wireless routing, Global state routing, Fisheye state routing and Hierarchical state routing protocols. Under OnDemand Routing Protocols we study Temporally ordered routing algorithm, Dynamic source routing, Cluster-based routing and Ad hoc on-demand distance-vector routing protocols. Objectives of studying the subject: After studying this subject you should be able to explain cellular access technologies discuss different components of cellular network, describe Mobile operating systems discuss Network architecture supporting wireless applications.