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0 Link Planner
BASIC EXPLANATION
Link Planner is using two project database for the data: 1 Properties (sites) 2 Link (connection between different properties)
Database windows
Map
Connect Module
In order to use Link planner, you have to select the Connect module. After that you can start using the map or writing the database.
This 2D View is the same used from RF planner for 2G and 3G plan and also the site database is the same!
Map visualization
Map managing
Selection
Search Drag Control Data types Open Legend Favorite selection Quick parameter display Create Vector Vector Manager
Zoom
Property Manager
Link Manager
Inside the Database Menu you can select which Database you want (Sites and Link database) and filter manager (red ellipsoid)
In this Menu you can also define equipments and MW antennas (blue ellipsoid)
General : Coordinates, Code and Name Status : flag selection Contacts : address , city Search Area : not used
Info : Coordinates, Code, Name and Los Info Status : flag selection Attachments : not used
In this Tab you have to define frequency channel and High / Low Selection Please note that the tool doesnt give any warning at this phase for H/L conflict
You have to add an antenna, to select which one to use, fix the height and check the polarisation. Please note that the tool doesnt link between the antenna the polarisation!
In this Tab you have to define the feeders (connectors or Wave guide)
In this Tab you have to define which Method you use and relative parameters
In this Tab you have to define the rain rate. You can select a rain zone or put manually the value.
If you want to have a level indication about the interference, you can use the wizard. Inside the Tools Menu you can select which tool you want use Select interference analysis -> Interference Wizard
Calculate interference only for the link inside the 2D view Calculate interference only for the link inside a filter
Give the antenna minimization height Show Reflections Show the Fresnel ellipsoid
In this case we have also a Link Budget report. This Report give the principal info for the link.
With NAP Link Planner we are available a wizard reports tool in order to have reports for Link or site. For that we have to active the Reports menu (red ellipsoid) and select which type of report we want realize [database selection] (blue block).
Report Generation
Report Generation
Choice of Radio Equipment Fresenel Zone Clearance Objective Availability / Reliability Objectives Interference degradation Objectives Tower Height & Loading Restrictions
Receiver Sensitivity: The lowest Possible signal which can be detected by receiver is called as Receiver Sensitivity or Threshold. This threshold value is manufacturer specific. Fading: Received Signal vary with time due to multipath fading and rain etc. Refractive index of atmosphere varies with Temp. humidity and pressure which in turn cause the electromagnetic waves to change direction. Another cause for Multipath fading is ground reflection. So a fade margin is built in Link Designing. Fade Margin: The fade margin is the power level, that, the unfaded received signal can fall to until it reaches the receiver threshold. This margin will vary depending on geographic and climatic conditions of different geographic areas and desired reliability of the system. Higher Fade Margin provides better link reliability. Typically it is 35-40 dB. Fade Margin dB=Prx-Pthresh Signal to Noise Ratio: Its the minimum power difference between the wanted received signal and received noise. Signal/Noise Ratio (dB)=10 log10 (Signal Power/Noise Power) Typically it is > 50 dB, logically it should be more than the Fade Margin, so that it is always below the threshold level.
Important Formula
L fs ! 92.45 20 log(d f )
d = distance in kilometers f = frequency in GHz
Propagation Loss
P 2 P R ! PT G ( 4Td )
d = distance between Tx and Rx antenna [meter] PT = transmit power [mW] PR = receive power [mW] G = antennae gain
Fading
Phenomenon of Attenuation of Signal Due to Atmospheric and Propagation Conditions is called Fading Fading can occur due to Refractions Reflections Atmospheric Anomalies
Fading
Multipath Fading
Phase Shift
Result in degradation of intended Signal Space Diversity Radio Configuration is used to Counter Multipath Fading
Frequency Selective Fading Due to Atmospheric anomalies different frequencies undergo different attenuation levels Frequency Diversity Radio Configuration is used to Counter Frequency Selective Fading
Rain Fading
Frequency Band > 10 GHz are affected due to Rain as Droplet size is comparable to Wavelengths Rain Fading Occur over and above Multipath and Frequency Selective Fading Horizontal Polarization is more prone to Rain Fades Path Diversity / Route Diversity is the only counter measure for Rain Fade
As raindrops increase in size, they get more extended in the Horizontal direction, and therefore will attenuate horizontal polarization more than vertical polarization
1mm
1.5mm
2.0mm
2.5mm
Counter Measures Avoid Hi-Lo violation in loop Frequency Discrimination Polarization Discrimination Angular Discrimination High Performance Antennae Lower Transmit Power , if possible
Link Performance is Seriously Affected due to Atmospheric Anomalies like Ducting Ground Reflections Selective Fading Excessive Rains Interferences Thunderstorms / High Winds causing Antenna Misalignment Earthing Equipment Failure
Thank You !