AKSHAY PATEL

Heat of Reaction
Table of Contents:
Purpose............................................................................................................................................ 1
Observation & calculation .............................................................................................................. 1
Part 1 Calorimeter construction and calibration .......................................................................... 1
Table 1 .................................................................................................................................... 1
Graph 1.................................................................................................................................... 3
Part 2 Reaction of Hcl with NaOH.............................................................................................. 4
Table 2 .................................................................................................................................... 4
Graph 2.................................................................................................................................... 6
Part 3 Reaction of CH3COOH with NaOH ................................................................................. 7
Table 3 .................................................................................................................................... 7
Graph 3.................................................................................................................................... 9
Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Sources of errors, impact of errors and recommendations. ....................................................... 11
Conclusion................................................................................................................................. 12
Results ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Reference ...................................................................................................................................... 13

Heat of Reaction
Purpose
Determination of the heat changes associated with the following reactions:
1. HCl and NaOH
2. CH3COOH and NaOH

Observation & calculation

Part 1 Calorimeter construction and calibration
Table 1
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Time (s)
0.0
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
75.0
90.0
105.0
120.0
135.0
150.0
165.0
180.0

Temperature
(0C)
24.5
44.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
45.9
45.4
45.0
45.0
45.0
44.7
44.6
44.6

Room temperature was 25.0 0C

Water temperature was 24.5 0C
Temperature of hot water was 60.0 0C

= 50 g 4.18

(46.7 60.0) 0C

Heat of Reaction
= - 2779.7 J
= - 2.78 KJ

= 50 g 4.18

(46.7 24.5) 0C

= 4639.8 J
= 4.64 KJ

=-2779.7 J = - [4639.8 J +

(46.7 24.5) 0C]

= - 83.7883
= - 83.8

= - 83.7883

(46.7 24.5) 0C

= - 1860.1 J
= - 1.86 KJ

Heat of Reaction
Graph 1

Calorimeter calibration
50.0

45.0

40.0

35.0

Temperature (0C)

30.0

Series1

25.0

Series2
Linear (Series2)
20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0
Time(s)

Heat of Reaction
Part 2 Reaction of Hcl with NaOH
Table 2
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Time (s)
0.0
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
75.0
90.0
105.0
120.0
135.0
150.0
165.0
180.0

Temperature (0C)
24.0
29.0
30.0
30.0
30.1
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
29.8
29.8
29.6
29.6

Temperature of NaOH was 24.0 0C

Temperature of Hcl was 24.5 0C

= 100 g 4.18

(30.1 25.0) 0C

= 2131.8 J
= 2.13 KJ

= - 1860.1 J

= - (2131.8 J - 1860.1 J)
4

Heat of Reaction
= - 271.7 J
= - 272 J
NaOH(aq) + Hcl(aq) Nacl(aq) + H2O(l)
Now here moles of NaOH in this reaction is as under
Moles = molarity volume (L)
= 1 0.050
=0.050 moles of NaOH
So if 0.050 moles gives -271.7 J
Then 1 mole gives -271.7/0.050
= - 5434 J
= - 5.43 KJ
So H for this reaction was -5.43 KJ/mole of water.

Heat of Reaction
Graph 2

Reaction of Hcl with NaOH

35.0

30.0

Temperature (0C)

25.0

20.0

Series1
Series2
Linear (Series2)

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0
Time (s)

Heat of Reaction
Part 3 Reaction of CH3COOH with NaOH
Table 3
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Time (s)
0.0
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
75.0
90.0
105.0
120.0
135.0
150.0
165.0
180.0

Temperature (0C)
24.0
29.0
30.1
30.2
30.2
30.1
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
29.9
29.9
29.8

Temperature of NaOH was 24.0 0C

Temperature of CH3COOH was 24.9 0C

= 100 g 4.18

(30.2 25.0) 0C

= 2173.6 J
= 2.17 KJ

= - 1860.1 J

Heat of Reaction
= - (2173.6 - 1860.1 J)
= - 313.5 J
= - 314J
NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)
Now here moles of NaOH in this reaction is as under
Moles = molarity volume (L)
= 1 0.050
=0.050 moles of NaOH
So if 0.050 moles gives -313.5 J
Then 1 mole gives -313.5/0.050
= - 6270 J
= - 6.27 KJ
So H for this reaction was -6.27 KJ/mole of water.

Heat of Reaction
Graph 3

Reaction of CH3COOH with NaOH

35.0

30.0

Temperature (0C)

25.0

20.0

Series1
Series2
Linear (Series2)

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0
Time (s)

Heat of Reaction
Discussion
The reactions may be of two types either it is exothermic or it is endothermic. If reaction is
exothermic then heat is generated like burning of hydrocarbon gases e.g. methane. [2] And if
reaction is endothermic then heat is consume e.g. iron oxide and carbon. [1]
Here in the first part we prepared calorimeter by using two Styrofoam cups and the lid of a
cardboard consist hole to place a thermometer. This calorimeter should be perfectly insulated i.e.
heat which is lost from the hot water is same with the heat gained by calorimeter and cold water.
So for calibration we performed the practical measured readings of temperature of every
intervals of the 15.0 s. Here we got that temperature is continuously decrease with time after
slop. So this indicates that there was loss of heat because of improper insulation. And this is true
because there is not any 100 % insulated calorimeter. So we have to calculate the temperature
final from the graph and it is straight line like shown in the graph. Y intercept of this line is the
temperature final. It was 46.7 0C and this was used in further calculation.
Firstly we calculate the heat capacity of hot water and it was 2.78 KJ. Minus sign indicates
heat loss from the hot water. Heat capacity is depends on the mass and the temperature change so
it varies from the mass and temperature change. Secondly we calculated heat capacity of cold
water and it was = 4.64 KJ. Here the sign is plus because the heat is gain by cold water.
Followed by we calculated the heat constant for calorimeter 8.38 102

. Then we calculated

heat capacity for calorimeter and it was 1.86KJ. [1]

In part B there was reaction between Hcl and NaOH. It was acid base reaction so heat was
liberated so the heat capacity was minus. We used 50 ml of 1.04548 M i.e. 1 M of NaOH and 50
ml of 0.9604 M i.e. 1 M Hcl. Form the graph we measured final temperature and it was 30.1 0c.
T = T final T initial
= (30.1 25.0) 0C
= 5.10C
Here in calculation we used 100 g mass because of 50 ml of NaOH and 50 ml of Hcl and
consider the density 1 g/ml. Finally by the calculation we got the heat capacity of reaction and it
was - 272 J/0.050 mole NaOH i.e. H for this reaction (enthalpy change). And as per
calculation H for this reaction was -5.43 KJ/mole of water.
Theoretical value for H can be calculated as under. [5]

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Heat of Reaction
= [1(-407.10) + 1(-285.85)] [1(-469.61) + 1(-167.44)]
= - 55.9 KJ
In part C there was reaction between CH3COOH and NaOH. It was also acid base reaction so
heat was release so the heat capacity was minus. We used 50 ml of 1.04548 M i.e. 1 M of NaOH
and 50 ml of 1.0925 M i.e. 1 M CH3COOH. By the graph we calculated final temperature and it
was 30.2 0c.
T = T final T initial
= (30.2 25.0) 0C
= 5.2 0C
Here also in calculation we used 100 g mass because of 50 ml of NaOH and 50 ml of CH3COOH
and consider the density 1 g/ml. Finally by the calculation we got the heat capacity of reaction
and it was 314 J/0.050 mole NaOH i.e. H for this reaction (enthalpy change). And as per
calculation H for this reaction was -6.27 KJ/mole of water.
The theoretical value for H is -56.14 KJ which can be calculated by above method. [6]
The theoretical value and practical value for the both reactions were different. It should be same
or near about. Here my practical value was less than the theoretical value. This was happened
because of some initial errors while taking readings or calculating graph readings which may
effect on the final calculation and causes huge difference.
Sources of errors, impact of errors and recommendations.
Sources of error

Impacts

Recommendation

Density of the solution in

It might be change the final

Measure the exact

calculation was 1 gm/ml but

result.

density of the solution.

It is good insulator but not best

Alternatives can be used

so heat might be loss.[4]

like bomb calorimeter

sometimes the density of water

is differing and it changes with
the temperature. [3] There was
also NaOH and HCl dissolved
in it.
Styrofoam cups

11

Heat of Reaction
while measuring the heat
capacity of combustible
gases.[1]
Heat might be release through

If lid is not close properly or

Close proper lid and

the air [4]

hole of thermometer is wide

check for the hole.

then calculation might be error.

Calculation error from graph

If temperature final is not

Try zoom in of graph and

perfectly calculated from graph

use gridlines for better

then the temperature difference

results.

is with error. It impact on final

result.

Conclusion
Having analyzed this data it can be concluded we cant make 100 % insulated calorimeter. There
is always some loss of the heat from the calorimeter. We got the result negative for the reactions
because it was exothermic reaction. We got the heat capacity of first reaction and it was - 272 J.
For the second reaction it was 314 J. These results were -5.43 KJ/ mole of water and -6.27 KJ/
mole of water. The theoretical values were 55.9 KJ and - 56.14 KJ respectively. We can
improve our results if we perform our experiment with more accuracy. As well as if we plot the
graph manually then we can get the exact readings of Tfinal which help us to improve our result.
The theoretical values of the two reactions are close to each other and the same thing for the
practical values it was close to each other. So it can be concluded that the practical which was
performed was accurate but due to the errors the result were different.
The enthalpy values for two reactions are different because it depends on the product and the
reactant in the reaction. In the first reaction NaOH was reacting with the Hcl and in second
reaction the NaOH was reacting with the CH3COOH. The enthalpy values for the HCL and
CH3COOH are different so the final enthalpy values are not same.
Results
1. Heat capacity of first reaction was 272 J per 0.050 mole of NaOH
2. Heat capacity of second reaction was 314 J per 0.050 mole of NaOH

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Heat of Reaction

Reference
1. Chemistry The Central Science
Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LEMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy;
Patrick M. Woodward;12th edition pages: 167; 176-178; 184.
2. http://www.naturalgas.org/overview/background.asp
3. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fluid-density-temperature-pressure-d_309.html
4. http://carmelsciences.tripod.com/id28.html
5. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/chem3-5/calor1/full_text/write-up.html
6. http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=enthalpy%20value%20for%20sodium%20aceta
te%20aqueous&source=web&cd=4&sqi=2&ved=0CFQQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2F
www.chem.latech.edu%2F~deddy%2Fchem104%2FZZ_Vernier_Determining%2520the
%2520Enthalpy_TECH.pdf&ei=qsHXT4SMMYfa6gHVYm8Aw&usg=AFQjCNHh2G8a50KBiQp-BP0_vfU9xG2KkA

13