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The information contained in this handbook is subject to change without notice. Property of Siae Microelettronica S.p.A. All rights reserved according to the law and according to the international regulations. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from Siae Microelettronica S.p.A. Unless otherwise specified, reference to a Company, name, data and address produced on the screen displayed is purely indicative aiming at illustrating the use of the product. MS-DOS, MS Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation HP, HP OpenView NNM and HPUX are Hewlett Packard Company registered trademarks. UNIX is a UNIX System Laboratories registered trademark. Oracle is a Oracle Corporation registered trademark. Linux term is a trademark registered by Linus Torvalds, the original author of the Linux operating system. Linux is freely distributed according the GNU General Public License (GPL). Other products cited here in are constructor registered trademarks.
ALS
1 2
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ............................................................................... 9 PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL ............................................................12 2.1 2.2 2.3 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL .................................................................................12 AUDIENCE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ..........................................................................12 STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL .............................................................................12
Section 2. INSTALLATION
15
3 4
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................................15 EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................17 4.1 4.2 4.3 SYSTEM OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................17 APPLICATION ...................................................................................................17 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ....................................................................................17 4.3.1 IDU.......................................................................................................18 4.3.1.1 4.3.1.2 IDU SDH modular (IDU ALS)......................................................18 IDU SDH compact (IDU ALS-C) ..................................................19
4.3.2 ODU......................................................................................................19 4.3.3 Frequency reuse systems (with XPIC) ........................................................19 4.4 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM......................................................................................19 4.4.1 Hardware platform ..................................................................................20 4.4.2 Management ports ..................................................................................20 5 INSTALLATION AND PROCEDURES FOR ENSURING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY.......................................................................................................27 5.1 5.2 ALS SYSTEM ....................................................................................................27 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION..............................................................................27 5.2.1 IDU installation.......................................................................................27 5.2.1.1 5.2.1.2 Connections for 1+0 frequency reuse systems..............................27 Connections for 1+1 frequency reuse systems..............................27
ODU installation for AS version...................................................28 ODU installation for ALS version .................................................28
IDU SDH USER CONNECTIONS .................................................................................31 6.1 6.2 IDU ALS CONNECTORS......................................................................................31 IDU ALS-C CONNECTORS...................................................................................34
INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU AS WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA ........38 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 INSTALLATION KIT ...........................................................................................38 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED) .............................................38 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ...............................................................................39 GROUNDING ....................................................................................................41
INSTALLATION ONTO THE WALL OF THE ODU AS WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA .......52 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 INSTALLATION KIT ...........................................................................................52 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED) .............................................52 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ...............................................................................52 GROUNDING ....................................................................................................54
INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU AS WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA ......64 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 FOREWORD .....................................................................................................64 INSTALLATION KIT ...........................................................................................64 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED) .............................................64 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ...............................................................................65 9.4.1 Installation onto the pole of the support system and the antenna ..................65 9.4.2 Installation of ODU..................................................................................65 9.4.3 ODU installation......................................................................................66 9.5 9.6 9.7 ANTENNA AIMING.............................................................................................67 COMPATIBILITY................................................................................................67 GROUNDING ....................................................................................................67
10 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU AS WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA (KIT V32307, V32308, V32309) ...............................................................................84 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 FOREWORD .....................................................................................................84 INSTALLATION KIT ...........................................................................................84 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED) .............................................85 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ...............................................................................85 1+0 MOUNTING PROCEDURES ...........................................................................86 10.5.1 Setting antenna polarization .....................................................................86 10.5.2 Installation of the centring ring on the antenna ...........................................86 10.5.3 Installation of 1+0 ODU support ...............................................................86 10.5.4 Installation onto the pole of the assembled structure ...................................86 10.5.5 Installation of ODU (on 1+0 support).........................................................86 10.5.6 Antenna aiming ......................................................................................87 10.5.7 ODU grounding.......................................................................................87 10.6 1+1 MOUNTING PROCEDURES ...........................................................................87 10.6.1 Hybrid/circulator installation.....................................................................87 10.6.2 Installation of ODUs ................................................................................88 11 INSTALLATION ON POLE OF ODU ALS WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA .........................98
11.1 11.2
12 INSTALLATION ON POLE OF THE ODU ALS WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA ..............110 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 FOREWORD ................................................................................................... 110 NEEDED TOOLS.............................................................................................. 110 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ............................................................................. 110 ANTENNA ALIGNMENT ..................................................................................... 111 INSTALLATION NOTE ON FREQUENCY REUSE SYSTEMS ....................................... 127
13 INSTALLATION NOTE ON FREQUENCY REUSE SYSTEMS .........................................129 13.1 13.2 Frequency reuse ............................................................................................. 129 Characteristics ............................................................................................... 129
14 ODU AS SUBSTITUTION FOR 1+1 FREQUENCY DIVERSITY SYSTEM .......................132 14.1 1+1 FREQUENCY DIVERSITY SYSTEM: SUBSTITUTION OF ODU ............................ 132
135
16 LINE-UP OF THE RADIO HOP..................................................................................136 16.1 LINE-UP OF THE RADIO HOP ............................................................................ 136 16.1.1 Antenna alignment and received field measurement .................................. 136 16.1.2 Network element configuration ............................................................... 136 16.1.3 Radio checks ........................................................................................ 137 16.2 LASER FUNCTIONALITY TEST ........................................................................... 138 16.2.1 Switch-on procedure ............................................................................. 138 16.2.2 Automatic laser shut-down check ............................................................ 138 16.3 16.4 LINE-UP OF RADIO HOP FOR FREQUENCY REUSE SYSTEMS WITH XPIC (IDU ALS)... 138 16.3.1 Additional line-up operations for XPIC ...................................................... 138 NOTES ON MANUAL OPERATIONS ON ALS WITH XPIC (IDU ALS) .......................... 139 16.4.1 Management of automatic manual operations ........................................... 139 16.4.2 Automatically activated manual operations ............................................... 140 17 LINE UP OF ETHERNET LIM ....................................................................................144 17.1 17.2 17.3 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 144 ETHERNET FUNCTIONALITY.............................................................................. 144 SWITCH CONFIGURATION ............................................................................... 144 17.3.1 Tributary enabling................................................................................. 144 17.3.2 SWITCH GENERAL PARAMETERS ............................................................. 145 17.3.3 LAN1................................................................................................... 145 17.3.4 LAN2 / LAN3 ........................................................................................ 146 17.3.5 PORT-A / PORT-B.................................................................................. 147 17.3.6 SPANNING TREE ................................................................................... 148 17.4 CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES ............................................................................ 149
17.4.1 Local LAN1 - Remote LAN1..................................................................... 149 17.4.2 Local LAN1 - Remote LAN1, Local LAN2 - Remote LAN2, Segregated ............ 151 17.5 LIM ETHERNET: GENERAL NOTES ON MANUAL OPERATIONS ................................ 152 17.5.1 1+0 LINK............................................................................................. 153 17.5.2 1+1 HOT STAND-BY (1 ANTENNA / SPACE DIVERSITY) .............................. 154 17.5.3 1+1 Frequency Div. (1 antenna / space diversity) ..................................... 156 18 PERIODICAL CHECKS .............................................................................................157 18.1 18.2 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 157 CHECKS TO BE CARRIED OUT .......................................................................... 157
19 TROUBLESHOOTING...............................................................................................158 19.1 19.2 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 158 TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURE ..................................................................... 158 19.2.1 Loop facilities ....................................................................................... 158 19.2.2 Alarm messages processing.................................................................... 159 19.3 FAULT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE FOR FREQUENCY REUSE SYSTEMS WITH XPIC ... 160 19.3.1 Manual operations activated by FMP ........................................................ 160 20 EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION UPLOAD/SAVE/DOWNLOAD. PARAMETER MODIFICATION AND CREATION OF VIRTUAL CONFIGURATIONS ...........................161 20.1 20.2 SCOPE .......................................................................................................... 161 PROCEDURE................................................................................................... 161 20.2.1 General equipment configuration............................................................. 161 20.2.2 Addresses and routing table ................................................................... 162 20.2.3 Remote Element Table........................................................................... 163 21 BACK UP FULL EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION WITHOUT POSSIBILITY OF MODIFYING THE PARAMETERS ..............................................................................164 21.1 21.2 21.3 SCOPE .......................................................................................................... 164 CONFIGURATION UPLOAD ............................................................................... 164 CONFIGURATION DOWNLOAD .......................................................................... 164
22 ALS - FIRMWARE UPDATE ......................................................................................166 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 166 SYSTEM VERSION OF FIRMWARE ...................................................................... 166 PRELIMINARY CHECKS .................................................................................... 167 FIRMWARE UPGRADE ...................................................................................... 167 22.4.1 N90485 - Equipment controller application download ................................. 167 22.4.2 N90487 - Radio application download (first branch) ................................... 169 22.4.3 N90489 (ALS6U-ALS18-ALS23)/N90543 (ALS13) - Radio FPGA download (first branch)........................................................................................ 170 22.4.4 N90486 or N90530 - Modem download (first branch) ................................. 170 22.4.5 Radio branch switch (1+1 systems only) .................................................. 171 22.4.6 N90487 - Radio application download - second branch (1+1 system only) .... 172 22.4.7 N90489 (ALS6U-ALS18-ALS23)/N90543 (ALS13) - Radio FPGA download second branch (1+1 system only) ........................................................... 172 22.4.8 N90486 or N90530 - Modem download - second branch (1+1 system only) .. 172 22.4.9 N90486 or N90508 - Baseband download ................................................. 173 22.5 FINAL CHECK ................................................................................................. 173 22.5.1 Downgrade procedure ........................................................................... 174
175
23 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................175 23.1 23.2 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 175 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 176
24 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IDU .............................................................................180 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 24.7 24.8 24.9 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 180 STM-1 ELECTRICAL INTERFACE ........................................................................ 180 STM-1 OPTICAL INTERFACE ............................................................................. 180 2 Mbit/s WAYSIDE INTERFACE.......................................................................... 181 2 Mbit/s INTERFACE (E1), LIM 2xSTM-1/LIM 4xSTM-1 ......................................... 181 ETHERNET INTERFACE AND SWITCH CHARACTERISTICS ..................................... 182 64 kbit/s CONTRA-DIRECTIONAL INTERFACE V.11 .............................................. 184 ALARM INTERFACE.......................................................................................... 184 NETWORK MANAGEMENT INTERFACE ................................................................ 185
24.10 MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR ........................................................................... 185 24.11 CABLE INTERFACE .......................................................................................... 186 24.12 AVAILABLE LOOPS .......................................................................................... 186 24.13 BATTERY INTERFACE....................................................................................... 186 24.14 POWER SUPPLY CURRENT ................................................................................ 187 25 CHARACTERISTICS OF ODU....................................................................................188 25.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 188
26 DESCRIPTION OF THE SDH IDU .............................................................................189 26.1 26.2 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 189 DESCRIPTION OF IDU SDH MODULAR (IDU ALS) ................................................ 189 26.2.1 LIM ETHERNET description ..................................................................... 189 26.2.2 Description of the LIM nxSTM1 ............................................................... 193 26.2.2.1 26.2.2.2 26.2.2.3 26.2.2.4 26.2.3.1 26.2.3.2 STM-1 interface ..................................................................... 193 2xSTM-1 interface .................................................................. 194 4xSTM-1 interface .................................................................. 195 Up to 4xSTM-1 synchronisation ................................................ 195 Modem ................................................................................. 195 Power supply and cable interface.............................................. 196
26.2.4 Description of RIM with XPIC .................................................................. 197 26.2.5 Description of the controller ................................................................... 197 26.2.5.1 26.2.5.2 Interface ports ....................................................................... 198 Equipment firmware ............................................................... 198
26.2.6 IDU telemetry ...................................................................................... 199 26.2.7 IDU loops ............................................................................................ 199 26.2.7.1 26.2.7.2 26.2.7.3 26.3 Line loop ............................................................................... 199 Baseband loop ....................................................................... 199 IDU loop ............................................................................... 199
26.2.8 Front panel of SDH IDU modular (IDU ALS) .............................................. 200 DESCRIPTION OF IDU SDH COMPACT (IDU ALS-C).............................................. 200 26.3.1 General ............................................................................................... 200 26.3.1.1 STM-1 interface ..................................................................... 200
2xSTM-1 interface .................................................................. 201 Modem ................................................................................. 202 Power supply and cable interface.............................................. 203 Interface ports ....................................................................... 203 Equipment firmware ............................................................... 203
26.3.3 IDU telemetry ...................................................................................... 204 26.3.4 IDU loops ............................................................................................ 204 26.3.4.1 26.3.4.2 26.3.4.3 Line loop ............................................................................... 205 Baseband loop ....................................................................... 205 IDU loop ............................................................................... 205
26.3.5 Front panel of SDH IDU compact (IDU ALS-C)........................................... 205 27 ODU AS DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................225 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 27.8 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 225 TRANSMIT SECTION........................................................................................ 225 RECEIVE SECTION .......................................................................................... 225 CABLE INTERFACE .......................................................................................... 226 ATPC OPERATION ........................................................................................... 226 1+1 HOT STAND-BY AND FREQUENCY DIVERSITY Tx SYSTEM ............................. 226 POWER SUPPLY .............................................................................................. 227 FREQUENCY REUSE......................................................................................... 227
28 ODU ALS DESCRIPTION .........................................................................................231 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 28.7 28.8 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 231 TRANSMITTER SECTION .................................................................................. 231 RECEIVER SECTION ........................................................................................ 232 CABLE INTERFACE .......................................................................................... 232 28.4.1 Power supply........................................................................................ 232 BRANCHING UNIT........................................................................................... 233 ATPC............................................................................................................. 233 RF LOOP (OPTION) ......................................................................................... 234 FREQUENCY REUSE......................................................................................... 234
Section 5. COMPOSITION
241
29 IDU COMPOSITION ................................................................................................241 29.1 29.2 29.3 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 241 COMPOSITION OF IDU SDH MODULAR .............................................................. 241 COMPOSITION OF IDU SDH COMPACT ............................................................... 242
30 ODU COMPOSITION ...............................................................................................243 30.1 30.2 30.3 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 243 ODU AS COMPOSITION ................................................................................... 243 ALS ODU COMPOSITION .................................................................................. 244
247
31 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICALSHOCK AND SAFETY RULES ........................................247 31.1 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK .................................................................. 247 31.1.1 Artificial respiration ............................................................................... 247 31.1.2 Treatment of burns ............................................................................... 247 31.2 31.3 31.4 SAFETY RULES ............................................................................................... 249 CORRECT DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT (WasteElectrical & Electronic Equipment) ... 250 INTERNAL BATTERY ........................................................................................ 250
32 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................251 33 LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................257 34 ASSISTANCE SERVICE............................................................................................259 34.1 RQ.00961 MODULE ......................................................................................... 259
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
10
11
2.1
The purpose of this manual consists in providing the user with information which permit to operate and maintain the ALS radio family. Warning: This manual does not include information relevant to the SCT/LCT management program windows and relevant application. They will be provided by the program itself as help-on line.
2.2
The following knowledge and skills are required to operate the equipment: a basic understanding of SDH transmission installation and maintenance experience on digital radio system knowledge of IP/OSI networking.
2.3
The manual is subdivided in sections, each one developing a subject pointed out as title of the section. Each section consists of a set of chapters, which describe more in detail the main subject.
Section 2 - Installation
The mechanical installation procedures are herein set down as well as the user electrical connections. The content of the tool kit (if supplied) is also listed.
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Section 5 - Composition
Position, part numbers of the components the equipment consist of, are shown in this section.
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14
Section 2. INSTALLATION
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ATPC BB BBER BCM BER CC C/I DCC DRRS ECC EMC ERC HDLC IDU IF LED LAPS LAN LIM LO LOS LOF LCT MIB
Automatic Transmit Power Control Baseband Background Block Error Ratio Block Coded Modulation Bit Error Ratio Co-channel Carrier to Interference (ratio) Data Communication Channel Digital Radio Relay Systems Embedded Control Channel Electromagnetic Compatibility European Radiocommunications Committee High-level Data Link Control Indoor Unit Intermediate Frequency Light Emitted Diode Link Access Procedure SDH Local Area Network Line Interface Module Local Oscillator Loss Of Signal Loss Of Frame Local Craft Terminal Management Information Base
15
MSOH MST MTBF NE NMI ODU PDH PPI PPP RFC RFCOH RIM RPS RST RTPC RSL RSOH RSPI RST RTPC SDH SETS SETG SNMP SOH SPI STM-1 TCP/IP TMN TU VC XPIC XIF VLAN
Multiplex Section Overhead Multiplex Section Termination Mean Time Between Failure Network Element Network Management Interface Outdoor Unit Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Plesiochronous Physical Interface Point to Point Protocol Radio Frequency Channel Radio Frame Complementary OverHead Radio Interface Module Radio Protection Switching Regenerator Section Termination Remote Transmission Power Control Received Signal Level Regenerator Section OverHead Radio Synchronous Physical Interface Regenerator Section Termination Remote Transmission Power Control Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH Equipment Timing Source SDH Equipment Timing Generator Simple Network Management Protocol Section OverHead Synchronous Physical Interface Synchronous Transport Module Level 1(155.52 Mbit/s) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Telecommunications Management Network Tributary Unit Virtual Container XPIC Interference Canceller XPIC Improvement Factor Virtual LAN
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EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION
4.1
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Access Link Series (ALS) radio family, is radio link family designed and developed by SIAE Microelettronica S.p.A. for high capacity transmission. The equipment offers scalable data rates from STM-1 up to 4xSTM-1 making use of 32 QAM or 128QAM software programmable modulation. Crosspolar Interference Canceller (XPIC) circuit allows the frequency reuse of the radio channel thus permitting to double the transmission capacity. Cost-effective, high reliability, fast installation, commonalities and fully programmability are the most outstanding performances that permits the ALS radio family to cope with success the very demanding telecommunication market.
4.2
APPLICATION
The equipment finds application in the following fields: urban and regional network media diversity protection Gigabit ethernet extension SDH ring high capacity interconnection among GSM/UMTS cellular infrastructures spur route from backbone network.
4.3
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The ALS equipment is split mount type. It consists of two separate units called IDU and ODU available in different versions: IDU is 19 wired mechanical structure for indoor rack mounting. The unit height depends on the different assembly versions. It contains circuitry for in/out tributary interfacing and management of the whole equipment. ODU is a light, waterproof metallic body for pole or wall mounting. The internal circuitry makes up the RF head interfacing the antenna. The two units are interconnected via a single coaxial cable.
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4.3.1
IDU
The IDU unit is available in two versions: IDU SDH modular, for STM-1 and Ethernet traffic, called IDU ALS IDU SDH compact, for STM-1 traffic, called IDU ALS-C.
4.3.1.1
The IDU SDH is available in the following capacities: 1+0, 1 unit high, up to 2xSTM-1 capacity 1+1, 1 unit high, up to 2xSTM-1 capacity 1+0, 1 unit high, up to 2xSTM-1 capacity with XPIC 1+1, 2 unit high, up to 2xSTM-1 capacity with XPIC 1+0, 1 unit high, up to 4xSTM-1 capacity 1+1, 2 unit high, up to 4xSTM-1 capacity 1+0, 1 unit high, up to 4xSTM-1 capacity with XPIC 1+1, 2 unit high, up to 4xSTM-1 capacity with XPIC 2x(1+0), 1 unit high, up to 2xSTM-1 each carrier 1+0, 1 unit high, Ethernet traffic, 290 Mbit/s capacity 1+1, 1 unit high, Ethernet traffic, 290 Mbit/s capacity 1+0, 1 unit high, Ethernet traffic, 580 Mbit/s capacity 1+1, 2 unit high, Ethernet traffic, 580 Mbit/s capacity each carrier 2x(1+0), 1 unit high, Ethernet traffic, 290 Mbit/s capacity each carrier.
STM-1 interfaces can be electrical or optical. With plug-in modules the electrical or optical interface can be selected by the user for each STM-1 interface. The ALS IDU consists of LIM, CONTROLLER, RIM modules inserted into a wired shelf. The LIM interface contains tributaries and processes the STM-n frames in RST operating mode. Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.3 and Fig.4 show equipment layouts, pointing out capacity and configuration with ODU AS as example (these configurations can support ODU ALS too). Ethernet transmission - LIM Ethernet + services interfaces are the following: 1 Gigabit optical port (plug-in) 2 10/100BaseT ports 8xE1.
Ethernet and E1 traffic, depending on requested capacity, is encapsulated (proprietary protocol) in various VC3. In this way the link can work in MST and in point to point connection only. The aggregate Ethernet traffic and service channels is sent to modulator of each RIM. In Rx side the opposite occurs. In 1+1 configuration the LIM duplicates the aggregate frames at Tx side and performs the changeover at Rx side. The RIM is supplied with the following: all the circuitry for the 32/128QAM programmable modemodulation including FEC corrector. In case of cochannel operation the XPIC circuit option is used the power supply unit that supplies power to the IDU circuits and sends the battery voltage to the ODU. Protection against cable short/open is also supplied. the cable interface for the bidirectional communication between IDU and ODU via interconnecting cable.
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The Controller: contains the equipment software that permits to control and to manage all the equipment functionality through a main controller and associated peripherals distributed within IDU and ODU interfaces the management system through Ethernet, RS232 and USB ports receives external alarms and sends to relay contacts along the internal alarms generated by the equipment.
4.3.1.2
IDU ALS-C compact is available for 1xSTM-1/2xSTM-1 capacity and 1+0 configuration. The unit description is included in the homonymous paragraph.
4.3.2
ODU
The ODU unit contains circuits that permits to interface from one side one IDU and the antenna from the other side. The QAM modulated carrier is shifted to RF frequency bands through a double conversion. Similarly it occurs at the receive side to send the IF converted carrier to the demodulator within the IDU. It is possible to join two ODU units on one single supporting plate (pole or wall). In the support system there is the hybrid for 1+1 hot stand-by configuration or the circulator for 1+1 frequency diversity configuration. ODU unit is available for ODU AS and ODU ALS versions.
4.3.3
The frequency reuse systems permit to double the link capacity. It is possible to transmit one carrier on vertical polarization and one on horizontal polarization. A cross polar interference canceller (XPIC) is necessary to reduce the effects of cross polar interference. The idea is that, with XPIC, the receiver re-constructs the wanted signal and deletes the interference. The interference is unknown and it is obtained in function of received signal on other polarization. The XPIC circuits are housed into indoor unit.
4.4
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The ALS family radio equipment can be managed by the following: SCT/LCT for the management of subnetworks. The two programs are running on the PC under windows platform. NMS5UX for the management of large networks. The program is running on workstation under Unix platform and Linux platform.
Both tools use SNMP as management protocol along with IP or IPoverOSI as communication protocol. The main management functionalities implemented are: fault management (alarms, events, date, time, type, address, severity, etc...) equipment configuration and test: configuration parameters, loopback, manual forcing of 1+1 switching, mapping of relay alarms and user input
19
software management: software release management and software downloading performance management: all performance according with ITU-T G.828 are supported, BER measurements, Rx level measurements etc... security management: management of security levels for operator access.
4.4.1
Hardware platform
The hardware/software platform used by SCT/LCT is based on personal computer having at least following characteristics: microprocessor Pentium 133 MHz or more 64 Mbyte RAM windows compatible graphic monitor NIC interface HD with 50 Mbyte of free space Windows 95/Windows NT/Windows 98/Windows 2000/Windows XP.
4.4.2
Management ports
The SCT/LCT program is connected to the equipment via the following communication ports: Ethernet LAN, 10BaseT, 10Base2, AUI Asynchronous RS232 serial line USB port Radio via DCC (Data Communication Channel embedded into the SOH of STM-n frame).
AS
2xSTM- 1
1U IDU ALS
Fig.1 1xSTM-1 and 2xSTM-1 unprotected version
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Branching
AS
2xSTM-1
1U IDU ALS
Fig.2 1xSTM-1 and 2xSTM-1 protected version
ODU AS
4xSTM - 1
1U IDU ALS
Fig.3 2xSTM-1, 4xSTM-1 unprotected version with RIM XPIC
21
Branching
Branching
IDU ALS
Fig.4 4xSTM1 optical interface protected version and RIM XPIC
22
LIM RIM1 RT1 Tx Interf. cavo SOH insert Decoder Gest. ODU + DEM Rx Interf. cavo Encoder MOD SOH insert
1xSTM-1
1x2 Mbit/s
RSOH drop
64 kbit/s
1xSTM-1
RSOH insert
1x2 Mbit/s
64 kbit/s
CONTROLLER Contr. IDU Batt. Gest. ODU Alim. IDU Visual. allarmi IDU PSU
SCT/ LCT
Controller princ.
ODU AS
23
24
LIM RIM1 RT1 Tx Interf. cavo. 2xSTM-1 DEMUX Decoder Gest. ODU + DEM Rx Interf. cavo Encoder MOD 2xSTM-1 MUX
2xSTM-1
Elab. SDH
2x2 Mbit/s
64 kbit/s 2xSTM-1
Elab. SDH
2x2 Mbit/s
64 kbit/s
CONTROLLER Contr. IDU Batt. Gest. ODU Alim. IDU Visual. allarmi IDU PSU
SCT/ LCT
Controller princ.
ODU
LIM RIM1 RT1 Tx Interf. cavo Interf. cavo Rx Decoder DEM Coder MOD
ODU
2xSTM-1
Elab. SDH
2xSTM-1 MUX
Hot Stand-by
Elab. SDH ODU manag Alim. ODU Contr. ODU Alim. IDU RIM2 Visual. allarmi Coder Interf. cavo Decoder DEM MOD Interf. cavo Rx RT2 Tx +
2xSTM-1 DEMUX
SCT/ LCT
Controller princ.
Freq. Diversity
Fig.7 1+1, up to 2xSTM-1 equipment block diagram, hot stand-by or frequency diversity versions with ODU AS
Gest. ODU
Batt.
PSU
IDU
25
26
LIM RIM1 Coder Tx Interf. cavo Interf. cavo Rx XPIC + Gest. ODU Alim. ODU PSU Alim. IDU RIM2 Coder Interf. cavo Decoder XPIC + Gest. ODU PSU Alim. IDU Contr. ODU Alim. ODU DEM Rx MOD Interf. cavo Tx ODU2 Contr. ODU Decoder DEM MOD
ODU1
Elab. SDH
2xSTM-1 MUX
2xSTM-1
Elab. SDH
2xSTM-1 DEMUX
4xSTM-1
2xSTM-1 MUX
2xSTM-1
Elab. SDH
2xSTM-1 DEMUX
Controller princ.
Visual. allarmi
5.1
ALS SYSTEM
The equipment consists of IDU and ODU(s) units and is mechanically made up of a wired 19" subrack (IDU) and a weather proof metallic container (ODU). After unpacking, mechanical installation takes place followed by electrical connections as described in the following paragraphs. IDU and ODU installation procedures are different depending on their versions, only is these differences entail different procedures.
5.2
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION
5.2.1
IDU installation
On their sides the subracks making up the several IDU versions are provided with two holes for the M6 screws fastening the subracks to a rack or to a mechanical 19" structure. The front of the IDU mechanical structure is provided with two holes at the sides. This permits to fasten the subrack to a 19 rack by means of 4 M6 screws. Other close equipment have to be spaced by 1/2 unit (22 mm).
5.2.1.1
The frequency reuse systems require interconnections between the RIMs. They make use of cables with SMA-SMA male connectors. Fig.9 shows the interconnections for 1+0 version.
5.2.1.2
The frequency reuse systems require interconnections between the RIMs. They make use of cables with SMA-SMA male connectors. Fig.10 shows interconnections for 1+1 version.
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5.2.2
ODU installation
The description of installation procedures are different depending on ODU versions, As or ALS.
5.2.2.1
Refer to following procedures: Installation onto the pole of the ODU AS with separated antenna (see chapter 7) Installation onto the wall of the ODU AS with separated antenna (see chapter 8) Installation onto the pole of the ODU AS with integrated antenna (see chapter 9) Installation onto the pole of the ODU AS with integrated antenna (KIT V32307, V32308, V32309) (see chapter 10)
5.2.2.2
Refer to following procedures: Installation onto the pole of the ODU ALS with separated antenna (see chapter 11) Installation onto the pole of the ODU AS with integrated antenna (see chapter 12)
STM1-1 FAIL
STM1-2
STM1-3
STM1-4 RIM 1
RIM 2 W.S.1 W.S.2 R Q3 LCT RS232 USER IN/OUT REM TEST V11 IDU ODU RIM 1
RIM 2
STM1-1
STM1-2
STM1-3
STM1-4 RIM 1
RIM 1
RIM 2
RIM 1
RIM 2
RIM 2
5.3
ELECTRICAL WIRING
The electrical wiring must be done using appropriate cables thus assuring the equipment responds to the electromagnetic compatibility standards. The cable terminates to flying connectors which have to be connected to the corresponding connectors on the equipment front. Position and pin-out of the equipment connectors are available in this section. Tab.1 shows the characteristics of the cables to be used and the flying connector types.
28
Tab.11 - Cable and connector characteristics Type of connector terminating the cable Polarised SUB-D 3W3 female connector 1.0/2.3 male connector
Interconnecting points
Type of cable/conductor
Battery
75 ohm coaxial cable ST214 type or equivalent 120 Ohm balanced four symmetric pairs with shield 75 Ohm unbalanced four coaxial cable pairs with the shield connect to ground pin (see 6 IDU SDH USER CONNECTIONS document for pin details) - 75 ohm coaxial cable with double shield 9 conductor cable with double brass sheath type interconductor DB 28.25 or equivalent 9 conductor cable with double brass sheath type interconductor DB 28.10 or equivalent Section area 6 sq. mm. Cable USB 1.1
Tributary signals
Female type D connector with 9 pins and shielded holder Female type D connector with 9 pins and shielded holder/CAT5 shielded (ALS-C only) Faston male type Female USB type B
RS232
29
5.4
GROUNDING CONNECTION
Fig.11 and annexed legend show how to perform the grounding connections.
Indoor
ODU unit
1 7 5
IDU unit
(+) (-)
Station ground
Local ground
ground Rack
Legend (1) IDU grounding point, fast type. The cross section area of the cable used must be 4 sq. mm. The faston is available on the IDU both sides. ODU grounding bolt. The cross section area of the cable used must be 16 sq. mm. IDU-ODU interconnection coax cable terminated with N-type male (ODU side) and SMA male (IDU side). Grounding kit type Cabel Metal or similar to connect the shield of interconnection cable. Matching cable (tail) terminated with N male and N female connectors. Battery grounding point of IDU to be connected to earth by means of a cable with a section area 2.5 sq. mm. Length 10 m. Grounding cords connected to a real earth internal of station. The cross section area of the cable must be 16 sq. mm. Fig.11 - Grounding connection
(2) (3)
(7)
30
6.1
The user connections are performed through connectors on RIM/LIM/CONTROLLER modules. Fig.12 shows the connectors position. Warning: The connector position are the same for all the IDU version. The connectors are the following:
LIM module
STM-1 in/out: electrical interface with connectors 1.0/2.3 75 Ohm female type; plug-in with electrical interface 1.0/2.3 connector module; plug-in with optical interface LC connector module WS1/WS2: connectors RJ45 female for 2 Mbit/s way side: refer to Tab.2 for connector pin-out. V11: connector RJ45 female for 64 kbit/s contradirectional. Refer to Tab.3 fro connector pin-out.
CONTROLLER module
LCT: connector USB type B male. For pin-out refer to USB standards USER IN/OUT: connector SUB-D, 9 pins male type. Refer to Tab.4 for connector pin-out. RS232: connector SUB-D, 9 pins male type. Refer to Tab.5 for connector pin-out. Q3: connector BNC or connector RJ45. Refer to Tab.6 for connector RJ45.
RIM module
Connector SMA/50 Ohm female for connection to ODU Connector SUB-D, 3 pin male for connection to battery Connector SMA/50 Ohm female for connection to other RIM for XPIC correction (only for XPIC equipment).
31
STM1-1 FAIL
STM1-2 RIM 1
RIM 2 W.S.1 W.S.2 R Q3 LCT RS232 USER IN/OUT REM TEST V11 IDU ODU
LIM 2xSTM1
100-1000 BaseX
RIM 1
RIM 2
LCT
RS232
USER IN/OUT
LIM Ethernet
Fig.12 Typical connector position (IDU ALS)
Tab.2 WS1/WS2 connector pin-out for 2 Mbit/s Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description TxC TxF GND RxC RxF GND
Tab.3 V11 connector pin-out for 64 kbit/s channel - V.11 interface Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description DV11Tx D+V11Tx CV11Tx C+V11Tx DV11Rx D+V11Rx CV11Rx C+V11Rx
32
Tab.4 User in/out connector pin-out for external alarm input and alarm transfer to outside Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Description Realy 1 common NA/NC relay 1 contact Realy 2 common NA/NC relay 2 contact User input 04 User input 03 User input 02 User input 01 GND
Tab.5 RS232 connector pin-out for connection to/from supervision system (modular IDU) Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6/7/8/9 Description Not to be connected Rx D (IN) Tx D (OUT) Not to be connected GND
Tab.6 RJ45 connector pin-out for 10BaseT Ethernet connection Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description Tx+ Tx Rx+ Rx
33
6.2
The user connections are performed through connectors on the unit front. Fig.13 shows the connectors position. The connectors are the following: STM-1 in/out: electrical interface with connectors 1.0/2.3 75 Ohm female type; plug-in with electrical interface 1.0/2.3 connector module; plug-in with optical interface LC connector module WS1/WS2: connectors RJ45 female for 2 Mbit/s way side: refer to Tab.2 for connector pin-out. V11: connector RJ45 female for 64 kbit/s contradirectional. Refer to Tab.3 for connector pin-out. LCT: connector USB type B male. For pin-out refer to USB standards USER IN/OUT: connector SUB-D, 9 pins male type. Refer to Tab.4 for connector pin-out. RS232: connector RJ45 type. Refer to Tab.7 for connector pin-out. Q3: double connector RJ45. Refer to Tab.6 for connector RJ45. Connector SMA/50 Ohm female for connection to ODU Connector SUB-D, 3 pin male for connection to battery Tab.7 - Pin out of IDU compact RS232 connector Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description RTS TxD DTR DSR Gnd RxD CTS n.c.
RS232
Q3/2
USER IN/OUT
34
Tab.8 - Tributary IN/OUT - 75 Ohm Pin 48 23 50 25 47 22 45 20 42 17 43 18 40 15 39 14 36 11 37 12 34 9 33 8 29 4 31 6 28 3 26 1 75 Ohm Ground A Tributary 1/9/17/25/33/41/49 input Ground A Tributary 1/9/17/25/33/41/49 output Ground A Tributary 2/10/18/26/34/42/50 input Ground A Tributary 2/10/18/26/34/42/50 output Ground A Tributary 3/11/19/27/35/43/51 input Ground A Tributary 3/11/19/27/35/43/51 output Ground A Tributary 4/12/20/28/36/44/52 input Ground A Tributary 4/12/20/28/36/44/52 output Ground B Tributary 5/13/21/29/37/45/53 input Ground B Tributary 5/13/21/29/37/45/53 output Ground B Tributary 6/14/22/30/38/46 input Ground B Tributary 6/14/22/30/38/46 output Ground B Tributary 7/15/23/31/39/47 input Ground B Tributary 7/15/23/31/39/47 output Ground B Tributary 8/16/24/32/40/48 input Ground B Tributary 8/16/24/32/40/48 output
25
......................... .........................
50
26
35
Tab.9 - Tributary IN/OUT - 120 Ohm Pin 49 23 44 24 25 44 21 22 44 46 20 44 16 17 44 19 18 44 41 15 44 13 14 44 10 11 32 38 12 32 35 9 32 7 8 32 120 Ohm Tributary 1/9/17/25/33/41/49 input Tributary 1/9/17/25/33/41/49 input Ground A Tributary 1/9/17/25/33/41/49 output Tributary 1/9/17/25/33/41/49 output Ground A Tributary 2/10/18/26/34/42/50 input Tributary 2/10/18/26/34/42/50 input Ground A Tributary 2/10/18/26/34/42/50 output Tributary 2/10/18/26/34/42/50 output Ground A Tributary 3/11/19/27/35/43/51 input Tributary 3/11/19/27/35/43/51 input Ground A Tributary 3/11/19/27/35/43/51 output Tributary 3/11/19/27/35/43/51 output Ground A Tributary 4/12/20/28/36/44/52 input Tributary 4/12/20/28/36/44/52 input Ground A Tributary 4/12/20/28/36/44/52 output Tributary 4/12/20/28/36/44/52 output Ground A Tributary 5/13/21/29/37/45/53 input Tributary 5/13/21/29/37/45/53 input Ground B Tributary 5/13/21/29/37/45/53 output Tributary 5/13/21/29/37/45/53 output Ground B Tributary 6/14/22/30/38/46 input Tributary 6/14/22/30/38/46 input Ground B Tributary 6/14/22/30/38/46 output Tributary 6/14/22/30/38/46 output Ground B
36
5 4 32 30 6 32 27 3 32 2 1 32
Tributary 7/15/23/31/39/47 input Tributary 7/15/23/31/39/47 input Ground B Tributary 7/15/23/31/39/47 output Tributary 7/15/23/31/39/47 output Ground B Tributary 8/16/24/32/40/48 input Tributary 8/16/24/32/40/48 input Ground B Tributary 8/16/24/32/40/48 output Tributary 8/16/24/32/40/48 output Ground B
37
7.1
INSTALLATION KIT
Following installation kits are supplied with the equipment: 1+0 system antisliding strip (see Fig.15) supporting plate plus 60114 mm pole fixing bracket and relevant nuts and bolts (see Fig.16) adapting tools and relevant bolts and nuts for 219 mm pole antenna side flange, variable as function of RF frequency (see Fig.18) support with ODU fast locking mechanism (see Fig.16) connection to the antenna with flexible wave guide and possible use of a rigid elbow (optional) (see Fig.18) kit for ground connection making part of ODU
1+1 system antisliding strip (see Fig.15) supporting plate plus pole fixing bracket and relevant nuts and bolts (see Fig.16) adapting tools and relevant bolts and nuts for 219 mm pole hybrid/circulator with ODU fast locking mechanism (see Fig.20), (hybrid for 1+1 hot stand-by configuration, circulator for 1+1 frequency diversity configuration) flexible waveguide trunk for connection to antenna (optional) (see Fig.18) kit for ground connection making part of the two ODUs.
Warning: in order to avoid damages to flexible waveguides, dont fold or twist them more than values specified as limit in installation instructions of the waveguide supplier.
7.2
38
7.3
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Installation procedure proceeds according to the following steps: 1+0 system: installation onto the pole of the supporting plate
2
1+0 system: installation onto the pole of the supporting plate by Band-it 1+1 system: installation onto the pole of the supporting plate
2
Installation of the ODU (common to both 1+0 and 1+1 system) ODU grounding
Fig.18 Fix the antenna side flange to the support with ODU fast locking mechanism. The flange can be mounted horizontally (as shown in Fig.18) or vertically as function of convenience. Fig.19 Fix the support with ODU fast locking mechanism to the supporting plate making use of available bolts and nuts. Fig.19 shows the possible positions. Tightening torque must be 18 Nm.
1+0 system - Installation onto the pole of the supporting plate by Band-it
In case of installation of an ODU 1+0 with separated antenna, the pole fixing system Band-it can be used: through the holes (see Fig.22) on the base of the ODU support two metallic strips are placed tightening the pole. Two clips close the strips. The characteristics of the strip are: thickness = 0,76 mm width = 19 mm material = steel AISI 201/304
39
Tab.11 - Torques for tightening screws Frequencies from 18 to 38 GHz up to 15 GHz Screw Allen screw M3 Allen screw M4 Tool Allen key 2.5 mm Allen key 3 mm Torque 1 Nm 2 Nm
Warning: It is advisable to shape the waveguide flexible trunk, connecting ODU flange with antenna flange as shown in Fig.24. This avoids possible condensate to be channelled towards the ODU flange.
Note: Hybrid and circulator differ for waveguide orientation. Circulator is shown in Fig.21. 4 After flange alignment, turn the ODU body approx. 30 anticlockwise and then insert it into the support and search for alignment between reference tooth on the support (see Fig.18 1+0 version or Fig.20 1+1 version) and ODU body reference tooth (see detail Fig.23) When alignment is achieved, turn the ODU body clockwise until clack is heard and the ODU rotation stops. Secure ODU body on the support by tightening bolts (1) (see Fig.18 1+0 version or Fig.20 1+1 version). Tightening torque must be 6 Nm.
5 6
Final assembly of 1+1 hot stand-by version is shown in Fig.24. Final assembly of 1+1 frequency diversity version is shown in Fig.25. A parasol mounting is optionally possible.
40
7.4
GROUNDING
Antisliding strip
Plastic blocks
41
42
43
1 1 13 mm wrench 6 Nm torque
44
A
Support plate
Fig.19 - Possible positions of the support with ODU fast locking mechanism
45
Reference tooth
Reference tooth
RT1
RT2
*: The flexible waveguides must not be bent more than their limit bending radius (see technical characteristics attached to the waveguide itself) Fig.20 - Installation onto the pole of the supporting plate
46
Polarization disk
47
O-ring
Tooth "N"
"BNC"
Ground bolt
Fig.23 - ODU reference tooth
48
49
50
1
1 2 Bolt Grounding collar Fig.26 - ODU grounding
51
8.1
INSTALLATION KIT
Following installation kits are supplied with the equipment depending on different versions: 1+0 system wall supporting plate with additional contact surface extension plates (see Fig.27) antenna side flange, variable as function of RF frequency (see Fig.28) support with ODU fast locking mechanism (see Fig.28) connection to the antenna with flexible wave guide and possible use of a rigid elbow (optional) (see Fig.28) kit for ground connection making part of ODU
1+1 system supporting plate with additional contact surface extension tools (see Fig.27) hybrid/circulator with ODU fast locking mechanism (see Fig.30), (hybrid for 1+1 hot stand-by configuration, circulator for 1+1 frequency diversity configuration) connection to the antenna with flexible wave guide and possible use of a rigid elbow (optional) (see Fig.28) kit for ground connection making part of the two ODUs.
8.2
8.3
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Installation procedure proceeds according to the following steps: 1+0 system: installation onto the wall of the supporting plate 1+1 system: installation onto the wall of the supporting plate installation of the ODU (common to both 1+0 and 1+1 system) ODU grounding.
52
Fig.28 Fix the antenna side flange to the support with ODU fast locking mechanism. The flange can be mounted horizontally (as shown in Fig.28) or vertically as function of convenience. Fig.29 Fix the support with ODU fast locking mechanism to the supporting plate making use of available bolts and nuts. Fig.29 shows three possible positions. Tightening torque must be 18 Nm.
Warning: It is advisable to shape the waveguide flexible trunk, connecting ODU flange with antenna flange as shown in Fig.34 This avoids possible condensate to be channelled towards the ODU flange.
Note: Hybrid and circulator differ for waveguide orientation. Circulator is shown in Fig.31.
53
After flange alignment, turn the ODU body approx. 30 anticlockwise and then insert it into the support and search for alignment between reference tooth on the support (see Fig.28 1+0 version or Fig.30 1+1 version) and ODU body reference tooth (see detail Fig.33) When alignment is achieved, turn the ODU body clockwise until clack is heard and the ODU rotation stops. Secure ODU body on the support by tightening bolts (1) (see Fig.28 1+0 version or Fig.30 1+1 version). Tightening torque must be 6 Nm.
5 6
Final assembly of 1+1 hot stand-by system is shown in Fig.34. Final assembly of 1+1 frequency diversity system is shown in Fig.35. A parasol mounting is optionally possible.
8.4
GROUNDING
54
55
1 1 13 mm wrench 6 Nm torque
56
57
Reference tooth
Reference tooth
RT1
RT2
58
59
Vertical
Horizontal
Fig.32 - Position of the ODU body: 1+0 system - depending on the polarisation. 1+1 hot stand-by system - polarisation is always vertical (handle always at the left side) 1+1 frequency diversity system - polarisation is always horizontal (handle always at the right side)
O-ring
"N"
"BNC"
Ground bolt
Fig.33 - ODU body reference tooth
60
Suncover (optional)
61
62
1
1 2 Bolt Earth cable collar Fig.36 - ODU grounding
63
9.1
FOREWORD
The installation onto the pole of the ODU with integrated antenna concerns both 1+0 and 1+1 systems.
9.2
INSTALLATION KIT
Following installation kits are supplied with the equipment depending on different systems:
1+0 system
60 to 114 mm pole mounting kit consisting of: centering ring and relevant screws (see Fig.37) antislide strip (see Fig.38) pole support system and pole fixing brackets (see Fig.39) ODU with Oring and devices for ground connection
1+1 system
pole mounting kit from 60 to 114 mm for 1+1 consisting of: centering ring and relevant screws (see Fig.37) antislide strip (see Fig.38) pole support system and pole fixing brackets (see Fig.39)
hybrid for hot stand-by version (see Fig.48) or circulator for frequency diversity version (see Fig.49) polarization twist disk (see Fig.51) 2 ODUs with Orings and devices for ground connection.
9.3
64
9.4
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
1+0 system
1 2 3 4 5 installation onto the pole of the support system installation of the antenna installation of ODU antenna aiming ODU grounding
1+1 system
1 2 3 4 5 6 installation onto the pole of the support system installation of the antenna installation of hybrid/circulator circuit installation of the two ODUs antenna aiming ODU grounding.
9.4.1
Installation onto the pole of the support system and the antenna
Fig.37 Set the antenna in such a position as to be able to operate on its rear side. Locate the five threaded holes around antenna flange. Mount centering ring onto antenna flange and tight it with 3 calibrated bolts. Caution: centering ring should be mounted so that the screws do not stick out. Define if the antenna will be mounted with vertical or horizontal polarization. Check that free drain holes stay at bottom side. Mount bolt type M10x30, in position A leaving it loose of 2 cm approx. With horizontal polarization mount bolt type M10x30 in position D, leaving it loose of 2 cm approx. Fig.38 Mount antislide strip onto the pole. Place blocks as in Fig.38 following antenna aiming direction. Tighten the strip with screwdriver. Fig.39 Mount pole supporting system with relevant pole fixing brackets following antenna aiming direction as indicated by arrow. Antislide strip should result at the center of supporting plate. Supporting system should lean against antislide clamp with the tooth as in Fig.40. Position the antenna in such a way that bolt in position A or D of Fig.37 cross through hole E of Fig.41. Secure the support system to the pole by means of the pole fixing brackets and relevant fixing bolts. Fig.42 Rotate the antenna body until the remainder three antenna holes coincide with the three support holes. Secure the antenna to the support by thightening the relevant passing through bolts.
9.4.2
Installation of ODU
1+0 system
1 Apply silicon grease e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4 to the Oring (4) of Fig.45 by protecting finger hands with gloves.
65
2 3
Bring the ODU with the two hands and position the ODU handle at the bottom side. The ODU handle can assume position of Fig.43 depending on the polarization. Position the ODU body near the support system and align ODU side flange to antenna side flange (see Fig.44). With respect to the flange alignment, turn the ODU body approx. 30 anticlockwise and then insert the ODU body into the support and search for alignment between reference tooth on the support (see Fig.44) and ODU body reference tooth (see detail of Fig.45). When alignment is achieved, turn the ODU body clockwise until clack is heard and the ODU rotation stops. Fig.46 and Fig.47 show ODU housing final position for vertical and horizontal polarization respectively. Secure ODU body on the support system by tightening bolts (1) of Fig.44.
1+1 system
Fig.48 (hot stand-by) or Fig.49 (frequency diversity) Apply silicon grease, type RHODOSIL PATE 4 to Orings (1). Insert Orings (1) and (6) into twist polarization disk (2). Vertical polarization Fix the disk on hybrid flange placing marker (4), on disk, close to V mark. Horizontal polarization Fix the disk on hybrid flange placing reference (4), on disk, close to H mark. Caution: Twist disk has two planes. Take care of position marker (4) on twist disk. The position of marker (4) plane should be in contact to hybrid like in figure. Tighten progressively and alternatively four screws (7) with four spring washers (8) with the following torque: Tab.14 - Torques for tightening screws Frequencies from 18 to 38 GHz up to 15 GHz Screw Allen screw M3 Allen screw M4 Tool Allen key 2.5 mm Allen key 3 mm Torque 1 Nm 2 Nm
Fig.51 Fix hybrid to support system with four bolts (1) taking care of RT1/RT2 position shown by labels of Fig.51. Tighten progressively and alternatively four bolts (1). In 13 and 15 GHz ODU the polarization disk is fixed to hybrid flange by means of three screws, as shown in Fig.50.
9.4.3
1 2
ODU installation
Bring the ODU with the two hands and position the ODU handle at the bottom side. Remove the plastic cover from the ODU flange side. Warning: Do not remove the foil from the flange. Apply silicon grease e.g. type RHODOSIL PATE 4 to the Oring of Fig.45. Position the ODU body close to the support with ODU fast locking mechanism and align the correspondent flanges: 1+0, align ODU side flange (see Fig.45) to antenna side flange (ODU position depends on the polarization) see Fig.44. 1+1 hot stand-by, align ODU side flange (see Fig.45) to hybrid side flange (see Fig.48) 1+1 frequency diversity, align ODU side flange (see Fig.45) to circulator side flange (see Fig.49)
Note: Hybrid (see Fig.48) and circulator (see Fig.49) differ for waveguide orientation.
66
After flange alignment, turn the ODU body approx. 30 anticlockwise and then insert it into the support and search for alignment between reference tooth on the support (see Fig.44 1+0 version or Fig.48 and Fig.49 1+1 version) and ODU body reference tooth (see detail Fig.45) When alignment is achieved, turn the ODU body clockwise until clack is heard and the ODU rotation stops. Secure ODU body on the support by tightening bolts (1) (see Fig.44 1+0 version or Fig.48 and Fig.49 1+1 version). Tightening torque must be 6 Nm.
5 6
Final assembly of 1+1 hot stand-by version is shown in Fig.52. Final assembly of 1+1 frequency diversity version is shown in Fig.53. A parasol mounting is optionally possible.
9.5
ANTENNA AIMING
Antenna aiming for 1+0 version and 1+1 version is the same. The antenna aiming devices allow to perform the following adjustments with respect to the starting aiming position: Horizontal Vertical 15 operating on the nut (3) shown in Fig.54, only after having loosen the nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.55. 15 operating on vertical adjustment worm screw (2) shown in Fig.54 only after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.55 and (4) and (5) of Fig.54. For adjustment from 0 to +30 extract nut (1) Fig.55 and position it in hole (4), extract nut (2) Fig.55 and position it in hole (6). Operate on vertical adjustment worm screw (2) after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.55 and (4) of Fig.54. For adjustment from 0 to 30 extract nut (1) of Fig.55 and position it in hole (3), extract nut (2) of Fig.55 and position it in hole (5). Operate on vertical adjustment worm screw (2) after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.55 and (4) of Fig.54. For vertical adjustment some markers, every 10, are available on support. The bigger marker gives 0 starting aiming position. Once the optimum aiming position is obtained, tighten firmly the four nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.55 and (4) and (5) of Fig.54 for vertical adjustment and the four nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.55 for horizontal adjustment. Tighten with 15 mm wrench and 32 Nm torque.
9.6
COMPATIBILITY
The pole installation kit of the ODU unit in 1+0 and 1+1 configuration is compatible with integrated antenna complying with SIAE standard with measures 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m of diameter.
9.7
GROUNDING
See Fig.56. On ODU grounding can be connected with the available bolt spring washer and flat washers as shown.
67
B
Vertical polarization
A
Horizontal polarization
2 3
A C 1
1 2 3
Antenna Calibrated Allen screw Centering ring Fig.37 - Centering ring position
68
1 2
69
2 3
Antenna aiming direction
15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque
1 3 3
3
1 2 3 4 Pole fixing brackets Tooth Bolt Pole support system Fig.39 - Support mount on pole
70
Fig.41 - Hole E
71
D 15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque
Vertical
Horizontal
Fig.43 - Position of the ODU handle depending on the polarisation for 1+0. For 1+1 the polarisation is always horizontal. Handle at the right side.
72
13 mm wrench 6 Nm torque
Vertical polarization
V 1 1 H
13 mm wrench 6 Nm torque
Horizontal polarization
H 1
H: Reference tooth Fig.44 - Support system for ODU housing and reference tooth in evidence
73
"N"
"BNC"
Ground bolt
Fig.45 - ODU body reference tooth
30
74
30
30
75
7 8 1 2 4 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Oring Polarization twist disk Hybrid mechanical body Position marker of twist disk Reference label for twist disk Oring Allen screws Spring washer Fig.48 - Hybrid and polarization disk
76
2 6 4
5 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
O-Ring Polarizer disk Circulator mechanical body Disk position indication Disk reference O-Ring Allen screws with spring washers Fig.49 - Circulator and polarization disk
77
Horizontal polarization
Vertical polarization
Fig.50 - Fixing of the polarization disk (only for 13 GHz and 15 GHz)
78
1 RT1 2 1 RT2
1 2 Bolts Spring washer Fig.51 - Hybrid mount on pole support
13 mm wrench 18 Nm torque
79
80
3 5
1 2 3 4 5 Marker Vertical adjustment Horizontal adjustment Bolt Fixing nut
4 2 1
81
15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque
15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque
11
7 3
10 9 5 2 6
15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque 15 mm wrench 32 Nm torque
1., 2., 3., 4. Horizontal aiming block bolts 5., 6., 7. Vertical aiming block bolts 8., 11. Threaded hole for vertical aiming up to 30 9., 10. Threaded hole for vertical aiming up to +30 Fig.55 - Antenna aiming block
82
1
1 2 Bolt Earth cable collar Fig.56 - ODU grounding
83
10
INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU AS WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA (KIT V32307, V32308, V32309)
10.1
FOREWORD
The description concerns pole mounting of ODU, in 1+0 and 1+1 system, using following installation kits: V32307 V32308 V32309 for ODU with frequency from 10 to 13 GHz for ODU with frequency from 15 to 38 GHz for ODU with frequency from 7 to 8 GHz
Differences regard the dimensions and the presence of the centring ring (see Fig.57): V32307 V32308 V32309 centring ring for antenna flange from 10 to 13 GHz centring ring for antenna flange from 15 to 38 GHz no centring ring (and relevant screws).
10.2
INSTALLATION KIT
Following installation kits are supplied with the equipment depending on different systems.
1+0 system
60 to 129 mm pole mounting kit: centring ring and relevant screws pole support system plus antenna (already assembled) and pole fixing brackets 1+0 ODU support and relevant screws ODU with Oring and devices for ground connection
1+1 system
60 to 129 mm pole mounting kit: centring ring and relevant screws pole support system plus antenna (already assembled) and pole fixing brackets 1+0 ODU support hybrid and relevant screws polarization twist disk and relevant screws 2 ODUs with Orings and devices for ground connection.
84
10.3
10.4
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
1+0 system
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 antenna polarization installation of the centring ring on the antenna installation of 1+0 ODU support installation onto the pole of the assembled structure installation of ODU antenna aiming ODU grounding
1+1 system
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 antenna polarization installation of the centring ring on the antenna installation of 1+0 ODU support installation onto the pole of the assembled structure installation of hybrid (hot stand-by version) or circulator (frequency diversity version) installation of ODUs antenna aiming ODU grounding.
85
10.5
10.5.1
Fig.57 Set the antenna in such a position to operate on its rear side. Locate the four M3 Allen screws around the antenna flange. Unscrew them (use 2.5 mm Allen wrench) and position the antenna flange according on: horizontal wave guide > vertical polarization, vertical wave guide > horizontal polarization. Screw again the four Allen screws (torque = 1 Nm).
10.5.2
Fig.57 Set the antenna in such a position to operate on its rear side. Locate the three holes around the antenna flange. Mount the centring ring onto antenna flange and tight it with the 3 Allen screws M4 (use 3mm Allen wrench, torque 2 = Nm).
10.5.3
Fig.57 Mount the support onto assembled structure (pole support system plus antenna) using the four M8 Allen screws (use 6 mm Allen wrench, torque 18 = Nm). Two of the four screws, diagonally opposed, must be mounted with the two bushes around.
10.5.4
Fig.57 Mount the assembled structure on the pole using the two pole fixing brackets and the four M10 screws (use 17 mm spanner, torque = 13 Nm); the heads of the screws are inserted on the antenna side, the four nuts and the springs between nut and brackets are inserted on bracket side.
10.5.5
Fig.58 Apply silicon grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) on the Oring by protecting fingers with gloves. Fig.59 Bring the ODU with the two hands and position the ODU handle at the bottom side. The handle can assume the positions shown in the figure depending on the polarization. Position the ODU body near the support and align the wave guide of the ODU to the Wave guide of the antenna: respect to the position of wave guide alignment, turn the ODU body approx. 30 counterclockwise into the support and search for matching between reference tooth on the support (see Fig.60) and reference tooth on the ODU body. Fig.61 When alignment of the references teeth is achieved, turn the ODU body clockwise until rotation is stopped. In figure are shown ODU final position for both polarisations. Fig.60 When ODU positioning is over, secure ODU body on the support by tightening bolts (use 13mm spanner, torque = 6Nm).
86
10.5.6
Antenna aiming
Antenna aiming procedure for 1+0 version or 1+1 version is the same. Horizontal aiming: 5 operating on the 17 mm nut shown in Fig.62 with a 17 mm spanner, only after having loosen the two 17 mm nut on the pivot. Vertical aiming: 20 operating on the 13 mm nut shown in Fig.62 with a 13 mm spanner, only after having loosen the three 13 mm nut on the pole support. Once optimum position is obtained, tighten firmly all the nuts previously loosen.
10.5.7
ODU grounding
ODU grounding is achieved with: M8 screw without washers M6 screw with washer
as shown in Fig.63.
10.6
In further page are explained all the mounting step not already discussed in paragraph 10.5 1+0 MOUNTING PROCEDURES
10.6.1
Hybrid/circulator installation
Fig.64 (hybrid for hot stand-by version) or Fig.65 (circulator for frequency diversity version) The polarization twist disk must be always fixed on hybrid/circulator flange. Apply silicon grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) on the Orings by protecting fingers with gloves. Bring the polarization twist disk with the position marker down. Insert the Oring into polarization twist disk. Vertical polarization: fix the twist disk on hybrid/circulator flange placing the marker of the disk towards V mark. Horizontal polarization: fix the twist disk on hybrid/circulator flange placing the marker of the disk towards H mark. Tighten progressively and alternatively the four screws and spring washer with following torque: Tab.15 - Torques for tightening screws Frequencies from 18 to 38 GHz up to 15 GHz Screw Allen screw M3 Allen screw M4 Tool Allen key 2.5 mm Allen key 3 mm Torque 1 Nm 2 Nm
Fig.67 Fix hybrid body to 1+0 support with four M8 bolts (use 13 mm spanner, torque = 18 Nm), tighten progressively and alternatively the bolts. In case of installation of ODU at the frequency of 13 or 15 GHz, the polarizer disk joins the flange of the hybrid with only three screws, as displayed in Fig.66.
87
10.6.2
Installation of ODUs
For both ODUs. Fig.58 Apply silicon grease e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4 to the Oring by protecting fingers with gloves. Fig.59 Bring the ODU with the two hands and position the ODU handle at the bottom side. The handle can assume the positions shown in the figure depending on the polarization. Position the ODU body near the support and align the wave guide of the ODU to the wave guide of the hybrid/circulator: respect to the position of wave guide alignment, turn the ODU body approx. 30 counterclockwise and then insert the ODU body into the support. For 1+1 system the handle of the ODU is always positioned on the right. The polarization twist disk on the hybrid/circulator matches the antenna polarization. Fig.68 When alignment of the reference teeth is achieved, turn the ODU body clockwise until the rotation stops. In figure are shown ODUs final position. Fig.60 When ODU positioning is over, secure ODU body on the support by tightening bolts (use 17 mm spanner, torque = 6 Nm). WARNING: Internal codes (e.g. installation items, antennas, PCB) are here reported only as example. The Manufacturer reserves the right to change them without any previous advice. At the end of the installation the system will be as in Fig.68 for hot stand-by version or as in Fig.69 for frequency diversity version.
Antenna
88
Vertical
Horizontal
Fig.59 - Position of the ODU body: 1+0 system - depending on the polarisation. 1+1 hot stand-by system - polarisation is always horizontal (handle always at the right side) 1+1 frequency diversity system - polarisation is always vertical (handle always at the left side)
89
3 1 2
1 5 4
4 1 5
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 mm Allen screw Bush (diagonally placed) 17 mm Tightening bolts (max torque = 6 Nm) Reference point for horizontal polarization Reference point for vertical polarization Fig.60 - 1+0 support
90
Right handle for horizontal polarization Left handle for horizontal polarization
Fig.61 - ODU final position
91
1
1 2 Bolt Earth cable collar Fig.63 - ODU grounding
92
7 8 1 2 4 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Oring Polarization twist disk Hybrid mechanical body Position marker of twist disk Reference label for twist disk Oring Allen screws Spring washer Fig.64 - Hybrid and polarization disk
93
7 8 1
2 6 4
5 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Oring Polarization twist disk Hybrid mechanical body Position marker of twist disk Reference label for twist disk Oring Allen screws Spring washer Fig.65 - Circulator and polarisation disk
94
Horizontal polarization
Vertical polarization
Fig.66 - Fixing of the polarization disk (only for 13 GHz and 15 GHz)
95
96
97
11
11.1
Here below is the list of tools required for installation: pole supporting kit for 219 mm pole V46000 pole supporting kit for 114 mm pole V46002 pole supporting kit for 90 mm pole V46003 17 mm openended spanner (not supplied) 13 mm openended spanner (not supplied) 10 mm torque wrench (not supplied)
11.2
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
According with pole diameter use the following pole supporting kit: 218 mm pole V46000 114 mm pole V46002 90 mm pole V46003
Refer to Fig.73 and Fig.74 (1+1), Fig.75 and Fig.76 (1+0). 1 2 3 See Fig.70 Fix the antenna bend at 90 to the ODU antenna flange of branching inserting the greased Oring with silicon grease in small quantity (torque wrench 3 mm, screw M4, 2.5 Nm) See Fig.71 Install the two brackets to branching with two bolts for brackets A and B, without fixing. Mount the collar with the selflocking unit (see Fig.72) on bracket and pole, position them perpendicular to the pole and fix them (M10 32 Nm). Fix correctly the three bolts of branching too (M10 32 Nm). See Fig.73 and Fig.74 (1+1); Fig.75 and Fig.76 (1+0). Install bracket (1) on the pole through collar (2). The collar passes through holes (6) of the bracket. The bracket is secured to the pole by means of plain washer (3), spring washer (4) and hexagonal bolt (5). Fix second bracket (16) on ODU branching projection (7) through plain washer (3), spring washer (4) and hexagonal bolt (8). 4 5 6 7 Lean preassembled structure as per point 3. on the bracket (1) already installed on the pole. Secure bracket (16) on the pole by using second collar (10). Secure the whole ODU body on the pole by fixing bracket (1) to two projections (9) (one for 1+0) of the branching body through plain washer (3), spring washer (4) and bolt (8). Take transceivers (13) (one in the 1+0 system) and put them in place on the branching shell by aligning two coupling pins on the transceiver shell to coupling holes (16) of Fig.77. Fast coupling levers (14) (see Fig.75) move in such a way to facilitate the correct mechanical coupling.
98
Screw knobs (15) first by hands and then using 10 mm torque wrench to tighten the two mechanical bodies (branching and transceiver). Warning: set torque wrench to 4 Nm. If equipment has a frequency > 10 GHz the antenna bend at 90 to connect the antenna is fixed to branching with quick lock flange connection. You may insert it also later after the final connection to the pole (see Fig.78). Installation of two ODU 1+0 using the two antenna polarizations may be done in the way shown in Fig.79.
10 Connect the grounding cord to projection (25 mm2) (15) of Fig.74 or Fig.76 from bolt (M8 18 Nm) provided from the branching. Use a proper bug, adequate to the cable section and with fixing hole 8.2 mm. Insert bolt, washer and bug in the proper order. See Fig.80. 11 See Fig.81, Fig.82 and Fig.83. Use the six calibrated screws of pole supporting kit to connect the wave guide between ODU and antenna in the proper polarization. Verify that flange Oring are inserted correctly, a bit greased without making dirty the flanges. Dont damage them by fixing. 12 Fix the flexible wave guide to the pole with the proper locks. 13 Insert on ODUIDU connecting cable the proper connector for outdoor use (N male). 14 Connect the N female connector of ODU to the abovesaid cable. 15 Insert the coax cable into a grounding kit near to the ODU. 16 Connect the grounding kit cable to the ground centre of the structure. 17 Label the cable with carefulness. 18 Mount the sunscreen with the four screws and relevant bushes (see Fig.84). 19 Check ODU operation using local loops. 20 After checking on both stations proceed to antenna aiming.
99
Antenna bend at 90
Antenna bend at 90
100
Bracket A
Bracket B
Bracket A
Bracket B
101
102
14 15
13
16 10
12
3 6 11 9
1 15
103
15
14
2 13 1
7 12 16 10
11 9 3 4 8
6 3 4 8
15
104
16
16
105
106
Wave guide
13 mm open-ended spanner
Grounding cable 25 mm2 Cellflex 1/4" Ground Grounding kit for cable cellflex 1/4"
107
Pol. V
Pol. H
Cellflex 1/4"
Ground lug
108
Pol. V
Pol. H
Wave guide
Guide lock
Fig.84 - Sunscreen
109
12
12.1
FOREWORD
The installation on pole of the ODU with integrated antenna concerns both 1+0 and 1+1 systems.
12.2
NEEDED TOOLS
Set of accessories supplied: pole supporting kit (V52000) alignment regulating kit (V00501) integrated antenna ODU to antenna connecting kit (V52004V520093) 17 mm openended spanners (not supplied) 3 mm allen wrench (not supplied) 22 mm openended spanner (not supplied) 27 mm openended spanner (not supplied) 10 mm torque wrench (not supplied) n 1 Phillips screwdriver (not supplied).
12.3
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Warning: If required each attached figure shows the maximum tightening torque for the screw tightening. Proceed as listed below: 1 Fig.85 Verify that the antenna is polarised according to the requirements, by comparing it to the mentioned figure. Otherwise, unscrew the four screws (2) and rotate by 90 degrees the body of the feed (1). The four screws (2) are to be fastened at the centre of the elliptic slot that allows the polarisation to be fineadjusted within 3 degrees. Fig.86 Set the antenna in such a position as to be able of working on its rear side. Fig.86 Take out from the unit to antenna connection kit the mechanical details shown in the figure. Apply the Orings of the trunk (2) a small quantity of silicon grease N00706 and then mount the trunk on the antenna feed body. In the case of horizontal polarisation mount the twisted wave guide trunk.
2 3
110
4 5 6 7
Fig.87 Take out the pole supporting kit. Unscrew the screws (4) and remove the supporting bracket (3) from the supporting ones (1) and (2). Fig.88 Install the supporting bracket (5) on the antenna (1) rear side by means of the four screws (2), the spring washers (3) into the holes (6). Fig.89 Install the antisliding collar on the pole. Fig.89 Install on the pole the supporting brackets (5) and (6) by means of two collars (4), a nut (1), a washer (3) and a spring washer (2). Position the brackets (5) and (6) aligned with the direction (7) of the radio beam and then tighten them to the pole in a permanent way. Fig.90 Fix the antenna to the pole inserting the pin (4) of the supporting bracket (2) into the pivot (8) of the supporting bracket (1) and tighten lightly by means of the screws (7), spring washers (5), washers (6). Fig.90 Unscrew the nut (3) fixed on the plate (2). Take the pins (1) and position them as shown in the mentioned figure. Screw again the nut (3) till to have the plate (2) at beating ready to be clamped by means of the screw (4).
10 Fig.92 (for 1+1 branching); Fig.93 (for 1+0 branching) Place the branching projections (11) on the bracket (1). Insert the screws (4), the spring washers (5), washers (6) without tighten them to the end. Conduct the branching so long as the two pins of the branching flange fit in the corresponding holes of the antenna flange. Warning: Before securing the two flanges via coupling ring (7) it is compulsory to apply some silicon grease N00706 on the ring thread. Terminate by tightening screws (4). 11 Fig.94 (1+1) and Fig.95 (1+0) Take transceivers (1) and put them in place on the branching shell by aligning two coupling pins on the transceiver shell to coupling holes (10) of Fig.92 (1+1) and Fig.93 (1+0). Fast coupling levers (2) move in such a way to facilitate the correct mechanical coupling. 12 Fig.94 (1+1) and Fig.95 (1+0) Screw knobs (3) first by hands and then using 10 mm torque wrench to tighten the two mechanical bodies (branching and transceiver). 13 Fig.92 Tighten to end screws (4). 14 Fig.94 (1+1) and Fig.95 (1+0) Connect the grounding cord to projection (4) accessible on the branching body (5) rear side, and tights it through M8 bolt an relevant plain an spring-washers. 15 Fig.98 Put the covering shield in place and secure it to the branching body through the four wing screws making part of the covering. Note: In case of transceiver removal to get access to transceiver fixing knobs it is necessary: loose the covering wing screws lift the covering up, pull it backward and then lower it down to put it in place.
12.4
ANTENNA ALIGNMENT
The antenna alignment devices allow to perform the following adjustments with respect to the starting aiming position: horizontal: vertical polarisation 15, operating on the nut (3) shown in Fig.96, only after having loosen the screws (2) 20, operating on the nut (1) shown in Fig.97, only after having loosen the screws (2) 3, unscrewing the four screws (2) shown in Fig.99, remove the screw (4) and loosen the other four screws (3). Turn then the antenna feed body till to optimise the polarisation. Tighten the four screws (2) the four ones (3) and the screw (4).
Once the optimum aiming position is obtained, tighten firmly the four nuts (3) shown in Fig.96 for the horizontal adjustment and the four nuts (1) shown in Fig.97 for the vertical one. After tightening the screws, it is possible to recover the fine alignment kit for further aims.
111
1 2 a b
Antenna feed No. 4 M4x14 screws Vertical polarisation Horizontal polarisation Fig.85 - Checking the antenna polarisation
112
1 2 3 4 5 6
Antenna feed Wave guide trunk straight or twisted N 5 M4x14 screws N 5 flat washers N 5 spring washers Drain holes Fig.86 - Rear view of the antenna
113
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Supporting bracket Supporting bracket for pole installation Supporting bracket No. 4 screws No. 4 spring washers No. 4 flat washers Teflon washer Fig.87 - Pole supporting kit
114
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Antenna No. 4 M10x20 screws (max torque = 45 Nm) No. 4 spring washers Drain holes Supporting bracket Fixing holes Waveguide trunk Quickcoupling flange Fig.88 - Supporting bracket mounting on the antenna rear side
115
4 2
1 2 3 4 5
Pole mounting collars Supporting bracket Pole mounting supporting bracket Radio beam direction Antisliding collar Fig.89 - Supporting bracket mounting
116
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Supporting bracket Supporting bracket Antenna Pin No. 4 spring washers No. 4 flat washers No. 4 M10x25 screws (max torque = 45 Nm) Pivot Fig.90 - Antenna fixing to the pole
117
1 2 3 4
Pin Plate Alignment adjustment nut M6 screws Fig.91 - Alignment adjustment kit mounting
118
10
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Supporting bracket Waveguide trunk 1+1 branching No. 4 screws No. 4 spring washers No. 4 flat washers Quickcoupling ring with hexagonal nut for tightening (f 15 Ghz, max torque = 25 Nm; f 18 Ghz, max torque = 20 Nm) Oring ODU flange
10 Coupling holes 11 Branching projections Fig.92 - 1+1 branching mounting on supporting bracket
119
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Supporting bracket Waveguide trunk 1+0 branching No. 3 screws No. 4 spring washers No. 4 flat washers Quickcoupling ring with hexagonal nut for tightening (f 15 Ghz, max torque = 25 Nm; f 18 Ghz, max torque = 20 Nm) Oring ODU flange
120
1 2 3
Transceiver (number 1 on the left) Fast coupling levers Fixing knobs with hexagonal nut for tightening (max torque = 4 Nm) Fig.94 - ODU mounting in 1+1 configuration
121
1 2
Transceiver Fixing knobs with hexagonal nut for tightening (max torque = 4 Nm) Fig.95 - ODU mounting in 1+0 configuration
122
1 2 3
Fixed pin Screws Nut for horizontal alignment adjustment Fig.96 - Horizontal alignment adjustment
123
1 2
Nut for vertical alignment adjustment Screws Fig.97 - Vertical alignment adjustment
124
Shield
125
1 2 3 4
Antenna feed No. 4 screws No. 4 screws No. 1 screws Fig.99 - Checking the antenna alignment
126
12.5
The ALS with frequency reuse is double carrier systems with one carrier on vertical path and one carrier on horizontal path. One carrier can have a traffic of one STM1 for a total of 2xSTM1 or 2xSTM1 for a total of 4xSTM1 traffic. For frequency reuse systems to assume the achievement of guaranteed performances of XPIC functionalities some care shall be taken for IDUODU cabling.
Antennas
The antennas will be double polarization antennas.
RF channel
RF channel shall be the same for vertical polarization path and horizontal polarization path.
J0
J0 SOH byte shall be different on vertical polarization path and horizontal polarization path.
ATPC
Low ATPC level shall be 15 dB higher than BER 106 threshold (see chapter 23 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS).
IDUODU cable
The IDUODU cable length difference shall be: Cable from RT1A to RIM1A and cable from RT1B to RIM1B (see Fig.100 and Fig.101) shall not differ more than: 3 meters for 2xSTM1 links 32QAM 3 meters for 2xSTM1 links 128QAM 1,5 meters for 4xSTM1 links 128QAM
IDU RIM to RIM cable. The cables RIM1A to RIM1B and RIM2A to RIM2B shall be SMA to SMA cables F01693 and connected as Fig.102 and Fig.103.
Additional notes
On ALS with XPIC some manual operations create other manual operation, for more information please refer to chapter 16.4 NOTES ON MANUAL OPERATIONS ON ALS WITH XPIC (IDU ALS). On ALS with XPIC a fault management procedure is used to protect the not alarmed path, for more information please refer to chapter 19.3 FAULT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE FOR FREQUENCY REUSE SYSTEMS WITH XPIC.
127
RT1A
RT2A
RT1B
RT2B
RT1A
RT1B
RIM1A RIM1B
Fig.101 - IDU-ODU cables
ON FAIL 1
ON
ON
ON
W.S.1
W.S.2 R Q3
X -
LCT
RS232
USER IN/OUT
STM1-1
STM1-2
STM1-3
RIM2
RIM1
RIM2 IDU ODU R Q3 LCT RS232 USER IN/OUT REM TEST RIM1
RIM2
128
13
13.1
Frequency reuse
The ALS with frequency reuse is double carrier systems with one carrier on vertical path and one carrier on horizontal path. One carrier can have a traffic of one STM-1 for a total of 2xSTM-1 or 2xSTM-1 for a total of 4xSTM-1 traffic. For frequency reuse systems to assume the achievement of guaranteed performances of XPIC functionalities some care shall be taken for IDU-ODU cabling. ALS XPIC systems use IDU ALS; ODU can be AS version or ALS version, in accordance with necessity.
13.2
Characteristics
Antennas
The antennas will be double polarization antennas.
RF channel
RF channel shall be the same for vertical polarization path and horizontal polarization path.
J0
J0 SOH byte relevant to vertical polarization path shall be different from the one relevant to horizontal polarization path.
ATPC
Low ATPC level shall be 15 dB higher than BER 10-6 threshold (see chapter 23 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS).
IDU-ODU cable
The IDU-ODU cable length difference shall be: Cable from RT1A to RIM1A and cable from RT1B to RIM1B (see Fig.104 and Fig.105) shall not differ more than: 3 meters for 2xSTM1 links 32QAM 3 meters for 2xSTM1 links 128QAM 1,5 meters for 4xSTM1 links 128QAM
129
IDU RIM to RIM cable. The cables: RIM1A to RIM1B RIM2A to RIM2B
shall be SMA to SMA cables - F01693 and connected as Fig.106 and Fig.107.
Additional notes
On ALS with XPIC some manual operations create other manual operation, for more information please refer to chapter 16.4 NOTES ON MANUAL OPERATIONS ON ALS WITH XPIC (IDU ALS). On ALS with XPIC a fault management procedure is used to protect the not alarmed path, for more information please refer to chapter 19.3 FAULT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE FOR FREQUENCY REUSE SYSTEMS WITH XPIC.
RT1A
RT2A
RT1B
RT2B
RT1A
RT1B
RIM1A RIM1B
Fig.105 - IDU-ODU cables
130
ON FAIL 1
ON 2
ON 3
+ +
LCT
RS232
USER IN/OUT
REM
STM1-1
STM1-2
STM1-3
RIM2
RIM1
RIM2 IDU ODU R Q3 LCT RS232 USER IN/OUT REM TEST RIM1
RIM2
131
14
14.1
In 1+1 frequency diversity system the separation of an ODU from circulator support causes a service interruption on the other ODU too. The following procedure must be followed order to avoid this interruption (see Fig.108): 1 2 3 4 locate the ODU (1) to substitute, loose the bolts (4), insert the guillotine shutter (3) in the slot (2) until the end rotate and extract the ODU (1) as usual (see System Installation chapter) insert the new ODU as usual (see System Installation chapter) extract the shutter (3) from slot (2), tighten the bolts (4).
132
3 4
1 2 3 4
ODU to be substituted Slot Guillotine shutter Bolts (6 Nm torque) Fig.108 - Substitution of ODU in 1+1 frequency diversity system
133
134
15
15.1
GENERAL
The radio equipment was designed to be easily programmed and supervised. The following tools are implemented to the purpose: SCT Subnetwork Craft Terminal + LCT Local Craft Terminal. They are used for remote and local control of a subnetwork consisted of a maximum of 100 equipment. NMS5-UX Network Management. It is used for the remote control of an entire network consisted of different SIAE equipment.
For details refer to relevant documentation. SCT/LCT documentation is available as help on-line.
135
16
16.1
The line-up consists of the following steps: on site radio terminal installation (perform user connections and ODU installation as described in the relevant chapters) equipment switch-on (operate the ON/OFF switch on the IDU front) antenna alignment for maximum received RF signal level network element configuration check measurements.
16.1.1
Purpose of antenna alignment is to maximize the RF received signal level. Proceed as follows: connect a multimeter to BNC connector on the ODU for AGC measurement adjust antenna pointing as soon as the maximum AGC voltage value is achieved.
16.1.2
A factory default address is assigned to each network element that must normally be re-configurated on site following the network administrator rules. To the purpose it is required to connect the PC, where the SCT/LCT program has been installed, to the network interface port. This has to be done via serial cable (connector RS232) or USB cable (connector LCT). Warning: the checks that follow require a good knowledge of the program use. The description of each menu and relevant windows are given by the program itself as help on line. Run the program and perform the connection to equipment by choosing from menu Option the connection made via serial cable or via LAN. Perform the login to the equipment by entering: Equipment IP address
4
Proceed to re-configurate the network element according with the following procedure:
4 If the Ethernet interface IP address is not known, select the serial cable connection where the IP address is shown automatically.
136
IP Address: select menu Equipment from the menu bar and then Communication Setup->Port Configuration. Enter the required port addresses in the available communication ports. Press ? for details. Routing Table and Default Gateway: select menu Equipment from the menu bar and then Communication Setup-> Routing Table: enter the routes or default gateway if necessary. Press ? for details. Warning: the routing policy depends on the routing type: manual IP/OSPF/Is-IS. The relevant routing rules must be normally given by network administrator. Remote Element Table: select menu Tools from menu bar and then Subnetwork Configuration Wizard. Station name and remote element table must be assigned following description of the contextual help on-line (?). Agent IP Address: select menu Equipment and then Properties. Assign the address in accordance to the address of the remote element you want to reach.
16.1.3
Radio checks
It is advisable to perform the following measurements to check the correct operation of the radio hop. To the purpose make use of the SCT/LCT program and relevant help on line. The measurements list of the following: transmitted power received power RF frequency BER measurement.
All these checks make use of the SCT/LCT program. Transmitted power, received RF level, RF frequency Run SCT/LCT program and then perform the connection to the equipment you want to check. Make double click on the select equipment until main RADIO window is shown. On top of the window Tx/Rx power and frequency values are displayed. In case of Tx power and frequency setup proceed to Branch 1/2 and Power/Frequencies submenus.
BER measurement RUN SCT/LCT program and then perform the connection to the equipment you want to check. Make double click on the selected equipment until main RADIO window is shown. On the left side select BER 1/2 measure. In alternative it is possible to use the PRBS function if one line is free. Perform the BER measurement and check that values comply with the requirements.
137
16.2
16.2.1
Switch-on procedure
Connect input to output with a fibre optic cable Program and look for STM-1 East/West window Click on STM-1 West (East) of LCT program until relative window is displayed Set Automatic Shut-down to auto mode into SCT/LCT program Check that Led ON" is ON.
In case of opposite situation is shown, wait for expiration of "x" time present in "Auto Restart Time" box (range from 60 to 300 sec.). Note: The laser is switched on every "x" seconds for 2 seconds thus permitting the opposite side laser to receive and consequently the two transmitters to be switched on. If faster laser switch-on is required, set "automatic shutdown" to "manual" mode and then press "restart" to send immediately the switch-on control. Note: if laser power measurement is required, set "automatic shut-down" to "test" mode, preset test time from 2 to 100 sec. and then press "Restart" to activate the test.
16.2.2
Set automatic shut-down to auto mode Remove the optical cable from Rx West (East) side the optical cable and check that Led ON goes off.
16.3
LINE-UP OF RADIO HOP FOR FREQUENCY REUSE SYSTEMS WITH XPIC (IDU ALS)
Line-up consists of the following steps: Line-up of radio hop (as described in relevant chapter) Additional line-up operations for XPIC
16.3.1
Additional line-up steps are: 1 2 Check fade margin on both paths (horizontal or vertical) while making the fade margin on one path the other should be switched off. Measurements shall be done both ends. Verify decoupling between Tx vertical and receiver horizontal and vice-versa, switching off the transmitter relative to Rx, see Fig.109. Step 1: Tx (H) off into side B, verify Tx (V) into side B decoupling to Rx (H) into site A Step 2: Tx (V) off into site B, verify Tx (H) into site B decoupling to Rx (V) into site A
138
3 4
Step 3: Tx (H) off into side A, verify Tx (V) into side A decoupling to Rx (H) into site B Step 4: Tx (V) off into side A, verify Tx (H) into side A decoupling to Rx (V) into site B.
Connect everything to have normal operation with XPIC Start from everything perfectly running: set ATPC off on all Tx set Tx maximum power in all transceiver insert an attenuation equal to antenna XPD. Practically decrease output power of 17 dB on a transmitter by SCT/LCT. Verify that in this situation the corresponding receiver doesnt have errors. To verify XPIC functionality, disconnect XPIC Rx cable and verify that there are errors in the receiver. Restore output power of Tx. Do the same on all receivers.
Site A Tx V Rx
Site B Tx V Rx
Tx H Rx
Tx H Rx
16.4
On ALS with XPIC some manual operations create automatically other manual operations. The purpose is to give a correct functionality of loop IF, loop RF and save traffic on the other path where there is no forcing.
16.4.1
The manual operations discussed into this document are: loop RF loop IF carrier only Tx off RT PSU off.
139
16.4.2
For configuration with XPIC in systems 1+0 the Tab.16 details for any manual operation which are the automatically activated manual operations in local equipment and remote equipment.
Tab.16 Configuration: XPIC 1+0 Local terminal Manual operation Radio-1A Loop RF Radio-1B Loop RF Radio-1A Loop IF Radio-1B Loop IF Radio-1A Carrier only Radio-1B Carrier only Radio-1A Tx off Radio-1B Tx off Radio-1A RT PSU off Radio-1B RT PSU off Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Automatically activated manual operation Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Remote terminal Automatically activated manual operation Radio -1A transmitter off
Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Radio-1A transmitter off Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Radio-1B transmitter off Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable
140
Tab.17 Configuration: XPIC, 1+1, Hot stand-by/Hot stand-by, Space Diversity Local termination Manual operation Automatically activated manual operation Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim Rim 1A 2A 1B 2B 1A 2A 1B 2B 1A 2A 1B 2B 1A 2A 1B 2B Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Xpic Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Disable Remote terminal Automatically activated manual operation Radio-1A transmitter off Radio-2A transmitter off
Radio-1A Loop RF
Radio-2A Loop RF
Radio-1B Loop RF
Radio-2B Loop RF Radio-1A Loop IF Radio-2A Loop IF Radio-1B Loop IF Radio-2B Loop IF Radio-1A Carrier only Radio-2A Carrier only Radio-1B Carrier only Radio-2B Carrier only Radio-1A Tx off Radio-2A Tx off Radio-1B Tx off Radio-2B Tx off Radio-1A RT PSU off
Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable If Tx 1A local is active: Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable If Tx 2A local is active: Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable If Tx 1B local is active: Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable If Tx 2B local is active: Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable If Tx 1A local is active: Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable If Tx 2A local is active: Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable If Tx 1B local is active: Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable If Tx 2B local is active: Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable If Tx 1A local is active: Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable
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Local termination Manual operation Radio-2A RT PSU off Radio-1B RT PSU off Radio-2B RT PSU off Automatically activated manual operation Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable
Remote terminal Automatically activated manual operation If Tx 2A local is active: Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable If Tx 1B local is active: Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable If Tx 2B local is active: Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable
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Tab.18 Configuration: XPIC, 1+1, Frequency Diversity/Frequency Diversity, Space Diversity Local termination Manual operation Radio-1A Loop RF Radio-2A Loop RF Radio-1B Loop RF Radio-2B Loop RF Radio-1A Loop IF Radio-2A Loop IF Radio-1B Loop IF Radio-2B Loop IF Radio-1A Carrier only Radio-2A Carrier only Radio-1B Carrier only Radio-2B Carrier only Radio-1A Tx off Radio-2A Tx off Radio-1B Tx off Radio-2B Tx off Radio-1A RT PSU off Radio-2A RT PSU off Radio-1B RT PSU off Radio-2B RT PSU off Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Automatically activated manual operation Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Remote terminal Automatically activated manual operation Radio-1A transmitter off Radio-2A transmitter off Radio-1B transmitter off Radio-2B transmitter off Radio-1A transmitter off Radio-2A transmitter off Radio-1B transmitter off Radio-2B transmitter off Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable Radio-1A transmitter off Rim 1B Xpic Input Disable Radio-2A transmitter off Rim 2B Xpic Input Disable Radio-1B transmitter off Rim 1A Xpic Input Disable Radio-2B transmitter off Rim 2A Xpic Input Disable
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17
17.1
GENERAL
The argument of the chapter is the line-up of Ethernet traffic in a radio link with Ethernet LIM con SCT/LCT software details referred to Ethernet application. Two configurations for LAN transmission through the radio link are also described. Requirements: the radio link is active with all the parameters properly set equipment are set to be reached by supervision
17.2
ETHERNET FUNCTIONALITY
The point to point ALS radio link with Ethernet LIM offers functions of a typical level 2 transparent bridge: level 2 QoS management with priority queue control flow control access to carrier through MAC address examination (MAC filtering) VLAN management with VLAN segregation on the carrier Spanning-Tree Protocol management, to avoid undesirable loops in the network Quality of Service (QoS) is managed at level 2 and 3 with 4 priority queues for every port.
The module can accept Ethernet frames up to 1522Bytes, 1632Bytes and/or 12KB (Jumbo Frame, only on LAN1).
17.3
SWITCH CONFIGURATION
17.3.1
Tributary enabling
First step in Ethernet switch configuration is enable the same E1 tributary number on both equipment of the link. Activation of enabled tributaries is performed only when their configuration is the same on local and on remote equipment. Using LCT software, select Base Band, Line Side, Tributary and enable the same tributary on local equipment and on remote equipment by clicking on the tributary activation switch. To enable the configuration select Apply button and subsequently Confirm. Every configuration mistake causes Config mismatch alarm and the unsuccessful enabling of configuration itself.
144
17.3.2
Using LCT software, select Base Band, Line Side, Ethernet Switch, the following card are present: General set packet size, Max Packet Size, the MAC address duration in address table, MAC Addr. Aging Time (between 15sec. and 63min:45sec.), the sending delay of LinK Loss Forwarding alarm, LLF Histeresys (between 0 and 10 sec.). To enable the configuration select Apply button and subsequently Confirm. Priority set packets forwarding in output queues, depending on their priority, 802.1P Priority Management, and queue emptying, Scheduling. In Ethernet Switch window are present the command to open the VLAN map, Virtual Lan Configuration, and the level 3 priority management table, PTOS/DSCP: Virtual Lan Configuration In the VLAN map can be added the VLAN ID of all the Virtual LAN that enter the switch, which ports can be crossed by them and how manage the tag after having crossed the port: Enab. Unchanged (tag is not modified), Enab. Untagged (tag is deleted), Enab. Tagged (tag is left), Disabled (port is not crossed). PTOS/DSCP In this table every ToS/DSCP value of input packet is linked to an output queue. If priority tag is not available, the packet is sent to the queue relevant the Default Prority of its input port.
17.3.3
LAN1
Using LCT software, select Base Band, Line Side, LAN1, the following cards are present: Interface following parameters can be set: Flow Control Full Dplx (Auto, Enable, Disable), Speed/Duplex (Full-Duplex-100M, Full-Duplex-1G, Full-Duplex-1G JUMBO), Full-Duplex-1G JUMBO mode jumps the switch and allows JUMBO frames up to 12KB. Rate Control field limits the port throughput (from 64KB to Full Rate, Disable status included), LLF field selects how to enable Link Loss Forwarding alarm. Lan per Port (802.1Q) Output port of packets in input from LAN1 can be set Filtering (802.1Q): Ingress Filtering Check, parameter 802.1Q input filter Disable 802-1Q output port is set in Lan per Port card FallBack If VLAN tag of input packet matches with those defined in VLAN map, the output port is defined in VLAN map, if VLAN tag does not match or is not present, the output port is defined in Lan per Port card Secure - If VLAN tag of input packet matches with those defined in VLAN map, the output port is defined in VLAN map, if VLAN tag does not match or is not present, the packet is dropped.
Frame Egress Mode, output packet VLAN tag management Unmodified VLAN tag of the output packet is not touched, if it is present at the input it remains at the output also, if it is not present at the input it is not added at the output Untagged the output packet has no tag: if the tag is present at the input, it is removed at the output, if the tag is not present at the input, it is not added at the output Tagged if the tag is present at the input, it remains at the output, if the tag is not present at the input, the output packet receives the input port default VLAN tag Add Double Tag A second tag (Provider tag) is added to the output packet while at the input packet of the same port the second tag is removed if recognised as Provider tag
Default Vid is the VLAN tag set as default to untagged input packet when the output must be tagged. Force Default Vid if marked, untagged input packets receive the Default Vid as VLAN tag while tagged input packets have its tag overwritten by Default Vid
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Priority (802.1P): management of priority of packets in output Priority Disable 802.1P parameter is not considered, the packet goes in the output queue pointed out by Default priority 802.1P 802.1P parameter defines the output priority of packets IpTos IPToS/DSCP parameter defines the output priority of packets 802.1P- IpTos, 802.1P parameter defines the output priority of packets, in case of its absence, parameter IPToS is evaluated IpTos-802.1P, IPToS parameter defines the output priority of packets, in case of its absence, parameter 802.1P is evaluated
Default priority for untagged packets with untagged output, is the output queue, for untagged packets with tagged output is the output queue and is the value (from 0 min to 7 Max) written as 802.1P tag
Laser Control The LASER shutdown can be configured, the transmitter can be checked and the optical plug-in module is recognised. Warning Dont look inside optical connector, its dangerous for eyes. Spanning Tree Bridge level 2 functionality can be configured: Enable Disabled, the port does not use Spanning Tree Protocol Bridge1 o Bridge2, the port uses Spanning Tree Protocol (port has not to be set in Full-Duplex1G JUMBO mode) in Bridge1 or Bridge2
Type Edge, port does not use Spanning Tree Protocol (there is no redundancy) No Edge, port uses Spanning Tree Protocol (there is redundancy)
Priority, from 0, min, to 15, max Path Cost, crossing cost (2000200000)
17.3.4
LAN2 / LAN3
LAN2 and LAN3 port have the same functions. Using LCT software, select Base Band, Line Side, LAN2 (or LAN3), the following cards are present: Interface following parameters can be set: Flow Control Full Dplx (Auto, Enable, Disable), Speed/Duplex (Full-Duplex-100M, Half-Duplex-100M, Full-Duplex-10M, Half-Duplex-10M). Rate Control field limits the port throughput (from 64KB to Full Rate, Disable status included), LLF field selects how to enable Link Loss Forwarding alarm. Lan per Port (802.1Q) Output port of packets in input from LAN2 (or LAN3) can be set Filtering (802.1Q): Ingress Filtering Check, parameter 802.1Q input filter Disable 802-1Q output port is set in Lan per Port card FallBack If VLAN tag of input packet matches with those defined in VLAN map, the output port is defined in VLAN map, if VLAN tag does not match or is not present, the output port is defined in Lan per Port card Secure - If VLAN tag of input packet matches with those defined in VLAN map, the output port is defined in VLAN map, if VLAN tag does not match or is not present, the packet is dropped.
Frame Egress Mode, output packet VLAN tag management Unmodified VLAN tag of the output packet is not touched, if it is present at the input it remains at the output also, if it is not present at the input it is not added at the output
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Untagged the output packet has no tag: if the tag is present at the input, it is removed at the output, if the tag is not present at the input, it is not added at the output Tagged if the tag is present at the input, it remains at the output, if the tag is not present at the input, the output packet receives the input port default VLAN tag Add Double Tag A second tag (Provider tag) is added to the output packet while at the input packet of the same port the second tag is removed if recognised as Provider tag
Default Vid is the VLAN tag set as default to untagged input packet when the output must be tagged. Force Default Vid if marked, untagged input packets receive the Default Vid as VLAN tag while tagged input packets have its tag overwritten by Default Vid
Priority (802.1P): management of priority of packets in output Priority Disable 802.1P parameter is not considered, the packet goes in the output queue pointed out by Default priority 802.1P 802.1P parameter defines the output priority of packets IpTos IPToS/DSCP parameter defines the output priority of packets 802.1P- IpTos, 802.1P parameter defines the output priority of packets, in case of its absence, parameter IPToS is evaluated IpTos-802.1P, IPToS parameter defines the output priority of packets, in case of its absence, parameter 802.1P is evaluated
Default priority for untagged packets with untagged output, is the output queue, for untagged packets with tagged output is the output queue and is the value (from 0 min to 7 Max) written as 802.1P tag
Loop An electric loop (line side) can be enabled. Spanning Tree Bridge level 2 functionality can be configured: Enable Disabled, the port does not use Spanning Tree Protocol Bridge1 o Bridge2, the port uses Spanning Tree Protocol (port has not to be set in Full-Duplex1G JUMBO mode) in Bridge1 or Bridge2
Type Edge, port does not use Spanning Tree Protocol (there is no redundancy) No Edge, port uses Spanning Tree Protocol (there is redundancy)
Priority, from 0, min, to 15, max Path Cost, crossing cost (2000200000)
17.3.5
PORT-A / PORT-B
Depending on link configuration (point to point or East/West) one (PORT-A) or two internal ports (PORT-A and PORT-B) are available. Consequently, using LCT software, select Base Band, Line Side, PORT-A (or PORT-B), the following cards are present: Interface Port can be enabled or not. Lan per Port (802.1Q) Output port of packets in input from PORT-A (or PORT-B) can be set Filtering (802.1Q): Ingress Filtering Check, parameter 802.1Q input filter Disable 802-1Q output port is set in Lan per Port card FallBack If VLAN tag of input packet matches with those defined in VLAN map, the output port is defined in VLAN map, if VLAN tag does not match or is not present, the output port is defined in Lan per Port card
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Secure - If VLAN tag of input packet matches with those defined in VLAN map, the output port is defined in VLAN map, if VLAN tag does not match or is not present, the packet is dropped.
Frame Egress Mode, output packet VLAN tag management Unmodified VLAN tag of the output packet is not touched, if it is present at the input it remains at the output also, if it is not present at the input it is not added at the output Untagged the output packet has no tag: if the tag is present at the input, it is removed at the output, if the tag is not present at the input, it is not added at the output Tagged if the tag is present at the input, it remains at the output, if the tag is not present at the input, the output packet receives the input port default VLAN tag Add Double Tag A second tag (Provider tag) is added to the output packet while at the input packet of the same port the second tag is removed if recognised as Provider tag
Default Vid is the VLAN tag set as default to untagged input packet when the output must be tagged. Force Default Vid if marked, untagged input packets receive the Default Vid as VLAN tag while tagged input packets have its tag overwritten by Default Vid
Priority (802.1P): management of priority of packets in output Priority Disable 802.1P parameter is not considered, the packet goes in the output queue pointed out by Default priority 802.1P 802.1P parameter defines the output priority of packets IpTos IPToS/DSCP parameter defines the output priority of packets 802.1P- IpTos, 802.1P parameter defines the output priority of packets, in case of its absence, parameter IPToS is evaluated IpTos-802.1P, IPToS parameter defines the output priority of packets, in case of its absence, parameter 802.1P is evaluated
Default priority for untagged packets with untagged output, is the output queue, for untagged packets with tagged output is the output queue and is the value (from 0 min to 7 Max) written as 802.1P tag
Spanning Tree Bridge functionality can be configured: Enable Disabled, the port does not use Spanning Tree Protocol Bridge1 o Bridge2, the port uses Spanning Tree Protocol (port has not to be set in Full-Duplex1G JUMBO mode) in Bridge1 or Bridge2
Type Edge, port does not use Spanning Tree Protocol (there is no redundancy) No Edge, port uses Spanning Tree Protocol (there is redundancy)
Priority, from 0, min, to 15, max Path Cost, crossing cost (2000200000)
17.3.6
SPANNING TREE
Spanning Tree function of entire equipment can be configured. Using LCT software, select Base Band, Line Side, Spanning Tree, the following cards are present: General Parameters: Force Version Stp 802.1 D or Rapid Stp 802.1w, SPT version Hello Time generation period of BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) messages, values are between 1 and 10 sec., recommended 2 sec.
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Max Age values between 6 and 40 sec., recommended 20 sec. Forward Delay values between 4 e 30 sec., recommended 15 sec. Summary Spanning Tree status
Bridge1 e Bridge 2 Depending on link configuration (point to point or East/West) one (PORT-A, Bridge 1) or two internal port, with relevant bridge, are active (PORT-A and PORT-B, Bridge 1 and Bridge 2). Following parameters can be set: MAC Address MAC address relevant to the Bridge Priority Priority of the switch, from 0, high priority, to 15, low priority.
17.4
CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES
17.4.1
In this example the network on local LAN1 port is connected with the network at remote LAN1 port. In LAN1 window, Filtering (802.1Q) card, in field Ingress Filtering Check select Disable 802.1Q, in field Frame Egress Mode select Unmodified. Using LCT software, select Base Band, Line Side, LAN1 and PORT-A and perform, on local and on remote equipment, the setting represented in Fig.110 and in Fig.111. LAN1 parameters Speed and Flow control are equal on local and on remote side.
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150
17.4.2
In this example the Ethernet traffic on LAN1 is divided from traffic on LAN2 by means of different VLANs used for radio transport only. Using LCT software, select Base Band, Line Side, LAN1 and PORT-A and perform, on local and on remote equipment, the following configuration: LAN1 parameters Speed and Flow control are equal on local and on remote side LAN2 parameters Speed and Flow control are equal on local and on remote side Disable all the output ports in LAN per port 802.1Q card (in LAN1 and in LAN2 card, on local and on remote side) Select Fallback in Ingress Filtering Check, Untagged in Frame Egress mode and set the default VLAN ID, 4001 as VLAN id1, 4002 as VLAN id2, indifferent in PORT-A (card Filtering 802.1Q). Repeat the same on the remote side. In Ethernet Switch select Virtual LAN Configuration and by means of Add command, add the two following lines in Virtual Lan Configuration table (see Fig.112). Repeat the same on the remote side.
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Fig.112 - VLAN table for transmission of two LANs segregated between them
17.5
In links with LIM Ethernet, in configurations with radio A and radio B concatenated together, in case of manual operations active on one of the two radio, the Controller performs actions in order to protect at least part of the traffic. A manual operation does not affect traffic if the branch, interested by operation, is in stand-by or protected (in Tx and/or in Rx), so capacity reduction will occur only if branch is active (in Tx and/or Rx). The necessary forcing of Tx and/or Rx switches to protect traffic, even if reduced, must be performed by operator before manual operation itself. In order to perform a traffic loop in configuration where radio A and radio B are concatenated together, loops to select are radio A baseband and radio B baseband. If these radios are in 1+1 configuration, the branch active in Rx must be selected in radio A and in radio B.
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17.5.1
1+0 LINK
Tab.19 shows manual operations and relevant effects on traffic Tab.19 - Manual operations and relevant effects on traffic in 1+0 link (ODU AS/ALS) MANUAL OPERATION Loop RF radio1A Loop RF radio1B Loop IF radio1A Loop IF radio1B Loop B B radio1A Loop B B radio1B Carrier Only radio1A Carrier Only radio1B Tx off radio1A Tx off radio1B RT PSU off radio1A RT PSU off radio1B NOTES AND PREVENTIVE FORCING Traffic reduced: concatenation with radio B only Traffic reduced: concatenation with radio A only Traffic reduced: concatenation with radio B only Traffic reduced: concatenation with radio A only Traffic reduced: concatenation with radio B only Traffic reduced: concatenation with radio A only Traffic reduction requested by remote due to Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote due to Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote due to Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote due to Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote due to Rx /Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote due to Rx /Tx problems
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17.5.2
Manual operations, relevant effects on traffic in 1+1 Hot stand-by (1 antenna / space diversity) and preventive actions are shown in Tab.20 (ODU ALS) and Tab.21 (ODU AS). Tab.20 - Manual operations, relevant effects on traffic in 1+1 Hot stand-by (1 antenna / space diversity) and preventive actions (ODU ALS): problems in Rx/Tx occur if manual operation is performed on the active branch MANUAL OPERATION Loop RF radio1A Loop RF radio2A Loop RF radio1B Loop RF radio2B Loop IF radio1A Loop IF radio1A Loop IF radio2A Loop IF radio1A Loop IF radio1B Loop IF radio1B Loop IF radio2B Loop IF radio2B Loop B B radio1A Loop B B radio1A Loop B B radio2A Loop B B radio2A Loop B B radio1B Loop B B radio1B Loop B B radio2B Loop B B radio2B Carrier Only radio1A Carrier Only radio2A Carrier Only radio1B Carrier Only radio2B Tx off radio1A Tx off radio2A Tx off radio1B Tx off radio2B RT PSU off radio1A RT PSU off radio2A RT PSU off radio1B RT PSU off radio2B 1A 2A 1A 2A 1B 2B 1B 2B 1A 2A 1A 2A 1B 2B 1B 2B Rx NOTES AND PREVENTIVE FORCING concatenation with radio B only concatenation with radio B only concatenation with radio A only concatenation with radio A only concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 1A Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 2A Forcing: Tx -> 2A; Rx -> 1A concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 2A concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 1B Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 2B Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 1B concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 2B concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 1A Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 2A Forcing: Tx -> 2A; Rx -> 1A concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 2A concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 1B Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 2B Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 1B concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 2B Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx/Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx /Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx/Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx /Tx problems
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Tab.21 - Manual operations, relevant effects on traffic in 1+1 Hot stand-by (1 antenna / space diversity) and preventive actions (ODU AS): problems in Rx/Tx occur if manual operation is performed on the active branch MANUAL OPERATION Loop RF radio1A Loop RF radio1A Loop RF radio2A Loop RF radio2A Loop RF radio1B Loop RF radio1B Loop RF radio2B Loop RF radio2B Loop IF radio1A Loop IF radio1A Loop IF radio2A Loop IF radio2A Loop IF radio1B Loop IF radio1B Loop IF radio2B Loop IF radio2B Loop B B radio1A Loop B B radio1A Loop B B radio2A Loop B B radio2A Loop B B radio1B Loop B B radio1B Loop B B radio2B Loop B B radio2B Carrier Only radio1A Carrier Only radio2A Carrier Only radio1B Carrier Only radio2B Tx off radio1A Tx off radio2A Tx off radio1B Tx off radio2B RT PSU off radio1A RT PSU off radio2A RT PSU off radio1B RT PSU off radio2B Rx 1A 2A 1A 2A 1B 2B 1B 2B 1A 2A 1A 2A 1B 2B 1B 2B 1A 2A 1A 2A 1B 2B 1B 2B NOTES AND PREVENTIVE FORCING concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 1A Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 2A Forcing: Tx -> 2A; Rx -> 1A concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 2A; Rx -> 2A concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 1B Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 2B Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 1B concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 2B concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 1A Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 2A Forcing: Tx -> 2A; Rx -> 1A concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 2A; Rx -> 2A concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 1B Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 2B Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 1B concatenation with radio A only - Forcing : Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 2B concatenation with radio B only - Forcing : Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 1A Forcing: Tx -> 1A; Rx -> 2A Forcing: Tx -> 2A; Rx -> 1A concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Tx -> 2A; Rx -> 2A concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 1B Forcing: Tx -> 1B; Rx -> 2B Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 1B concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Tx -> 2B; Rx -> 2B Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx/Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx /Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx/Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx /Tx problems
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17.5.3
Manual operations, relevant effects on traffic in 1+1 Frequency Div. (1 antenna / space diversity) and preventive actions are shown in Tab.22. Tab.22 - Manual operations, relevant effects on traffic in 1+1 Hot stand-by (1 antenna/space diversity) and preventive actions: problems in Rx/Tx occur if manual operation is performed on active branch MAN. OPERATION Loop RF radio1A Loop RF radio1A Loop RF radio2A Loop RF radio2A Loop RF radio1B Loop RF radio1B Loop RF radio2B Loop RF radio2B Loop IF radio1A Loop IF radio1A Loop IF radio2A Loop IF radio2A Loop IF radio1B Loop IF radio1B Loop IF radio2B Loop IF radio2B Loop B B radio1A Loop B B radio1A Loop B B radio2A Loop B B radio2A Loop B B radio1B Loop B B radio1B Loop B B radio2B Loop B B radio2B Carrier Only radio1A Carrier Only radio2A Carrier Only radio1B Carrier Only radio2B Tx off radio1A Tx off radio2A Tx off radio1B Tx off radio2B RT PSU off radio1A RT PSU off radio2A RT PSU off radio1B RT PSU off radio2B Rx 1A 2A 1A 2A 1B 2B 1B 2B 1A 2A 1A 2A 1B 2B 1B 2B 1A 2A 1A 2A 1B 2B 1B 2B NOTES AND PREVENTIVE FORCING concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Rx -> 1A Forcing: Rx -> 2A Forcing: Rx -> 1A concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Rx -> 2A concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Rx -> 1B Forcing: Rx -> 2B Forcing: Rx -> 1B concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Rx -> 2B concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Rx -> 1A Forcing: Rx -> 2A Forcing: Rx -> 1A concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Rx -> 2A concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Rx -> 1B Forcing: Rx -> 2B Forcing: Rx -> 1B concatenation with radio A only - Forcing : Rx -> 2B concatenation with radio B only - Forcing : Rx -> 1A Forcing: Rx -> 2A Forcing: Rx -> 1A concatenation with radio B only - Forcing: Rx -> 2A concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Rx -> 1B Forcing: Rx -> 2B Forcing: Rx -> 1B concatenation with radio A only - Forcing: Rx -> 2B Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by remote in case of Rx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx/Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx /Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx/Tx problems Traffic reduction requested by local and remote in case of Rx /Tx problems
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18
PERIODICAL CHECKS
18.1
GENERAL
Periodical checks are used to check correct operation of the radio equipment without the presence of any alarm condition. The SCT/LCT programs running on the PC are used for the purpose.
18.2
The following checks must be carried out: check of the transmitted power; check of the received field strength (the reading must match the value resulting from hop calculations); check of the bit error ratio and the hop performances.
For checking procedures, please refer to SCT/LCT program and relevant help-on line.
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19
TROUBLESHOOTING
19.1
GENERAL
The equipment consists of the following replaceable parts: ALS SDH with IDU SDH compact IDU (ALS-C) ODU AS o ALS
ALS SDH with IDU SDH modular (IDU ALS) LIM CONTROLLER RIM ODU.
Purpose of the troubleshooting is to pinpoint the faulty part and replace it with spare. Warning: the replacement of the faulty CONTROLLER module with spare causes the spare CONTROLLER to be re-programmed.
19.2
TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURE
Troubleshooting procedure is used both with IDU SDH modular equipment and IDU SDH compact equipment. In case of IDU SDH compact equipment, replace the whole IDU if the troubleshooting detects a failure on one of the following modules: LIM CONTROLLER RIM.
Troubleshooting starts as soon as one of the following alarm condition: alarm LED ON on the IDU front panel or alarm messages are displayed by managers SCT/LCT. Two methods are used to troubleshoot the cause of fault: loop facilities alarm message processing using the manager SCT/LCT
19.2.1
Loop facilities
The equipment is provided with different loops with the aid to locate the faulty equipment and then the faulty module the equipment consists of. Warning: the majority of loops causes the traffic to be lost.
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The available loops are the following: local tributary loops: usually used to test the cables interfacing the equipment upstreams remote tributary loops: usually used to test the two direction link performance making use of an unused tributary (if available). baseband loop: it permits to test the LIM circuits IDU loop: it permits to test the complete IDU RF loop: it permits to test the complete radio terminal
19.2.2
When an alarm condition occurs, the equipment generates a number of alarm messages that appear on the SCT windows ie: log history area and equipment view current alarm. Investigation on the alarm message meaning permits to troubleshoot the faulty module.
RIM - This grouping may generate alarms for the following causes: external fault: demodulator fail alarm and local ODU alarm are generated when the ODU becomes faulty. RIM failure - power supply alarm along with cable short/open alarms or modulator/demodulator alarms are activated.
RT - This grouping may generate alarms for the following causes: external fault: Rx power low alarm is generated given by a bad propagation or by a faulty remote terminal. ODU failure: PSU fail alarm or RF VCO alarm or RT IF alarm is activated. If this happens, replace the ODU.
UNIT - This grouping generates alarms when one of the units, the equipment consists of, is faulty or does not respond to the controller polling. Replace the faulty unit. CONTROLLER - There is not an alarm message relevant to a controller module failure. An alarm condition causes Led IDU to steady lights up. Warning: The replacement of controller module requires the spare to be realigned.
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19.3
The Fault Management Procedure (FMP) is used into 1+0 systems with a vertical and an horizontal carrier giving a total traffic of 2xSTM-1 or 4xSTM-1. Purpose of FMP is to identify a malfunction caused by equipment failure and protect radio path horizontal or vertical where there is no problem. FMP will distinguish between alarm coming from external causes (e.g. fading) and alarms coming from a defect into equipment. Tx Power Control can be in Automatic or Manual mode. Low ATPC threshold shall be 15 dB higher than BER = 10-6 Prx level. See chapter "System Characteristics ". FMP is used into 1+0 systems in case of a single hardware failure. In 1+1 systems a single hardware failure is protected by doubled configuration structure. FMP switches off automatically the alarmed path protecting the not alarmed path. Once the decision is taken it is permanent and only an operator with SCT/LCT program or NMSUX can reset the status.
19.3.1
FMP can activate the following manual operations: remote Tx off local Xpic disable disable FMP.
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20
EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION UPLOAD/SAVE/ DOWNLOAD. PARAMETER MODIFICATION AND CREATION OF VIRTUAL CONFIGURATIONS
20.1
SCOPE
This chapter describes the procedure to create configuration files. Equipment configuration files must be used in case of replacing a faulty CONTROLLER module with the spare. To the purpose it is necessary to upload, from each equipment the network consists of, equipment configurations and save them on three configuration files. It is advisable to do it upon the first installation. Configuration file download on the spare CONTROLLER permits to restore previous operating condition. It is also possible to create virtual configuration without being connected to equipment.
20.2
PROCEDURE
To configure the spare CONTROLLER the following must be uploaded/saved on the file/downloaded: General equipment configuration Addresses and routing table Remote element table
To do it, run the SCT/LCT program (see relevant documentation available on line) until "Subnetwork Craft Terminal" application window is displayed.
20.2.1
2 3
161
5 6
Select the equipment you wish to upload a configuration file from (normally the local equipment) by activating the relevant box. Press OK. The system displays the Communication Status window where is pointed out: the operation status: upload in progress/complete. errors area: where error messages relevant to possible abort of the operation are displayed.
At the end of the operation by pressing OK, the system displays, the uploaded equipment parameters present into the Configuration Wizard window. 7 Save the uploaded configuration into a file by selecting Save File As command from File Save Save File As. The system will display Save This Config. File. Type the file name into the proper box (with "cfg" extension) and set the path to be used to save the file. 8 Press Save push button to finish.
Download
After having installed the spare LIM proceed as follows: 1 Select Open File from Tools menu following this path: Tools menu Equipment Configuration Wizard File Open Open File. The system will display Select a Config. File window. 2 3 4 5 Select the wanted file and open it by pushing Open push button. The system will display the file content. Press Download push button and select Configure Equipment as Current File. Activate the box relevant to the equipment you wish to download configuration file to (normally the local equipment) and select Configure Equipment as Current File. Press OK. The system displays the Communication Status window where is pointed out: 6 the operation status: upload in progress/completed errors area: where error messages relevant to possible abort of operation are displayed.
Press OK to finish.
20.2.2
2 3 4
162
At the end of the operation, the system displays, the equipment parameter present into the Configuration Wizard window. 5 Save the uploaded configuration into a file by selecting Save File As command from File Save Save File As The system will display the Save This Config. File window. Into the proper boxes type the file name (with "cfg" extension) and set the path to be used to save the file. 6 Press Save push button to finish.
Download
1 Select Open File command from Tools menu following this path: Tools Equipment Configuration Wizard File Open Open File. The system will display Select a Config. File window. Select the wanted file and open it by pushing Open push button. The system will display the parameters contained into the file. Press Download push button and select Configure Equipment as Current File. Activate the box relevant to the equipment you wish to download configuration file to (normally the local equipment). Press OK. The system will display Download Type Selection window. Activate boxes IP port addresses configuration e Routing table. If OSPF facility is enabled, you can only select Standard (IP/Communication/OSPF) Settings. Press OK. The system will show a warning indicating the possibility to proceed the download or not. Press OK. The system will show the Download in progress. At the end of the download will be shown the file content.
2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
20.2.3
Download
1 2 3 4 5 Select Subnetwork Configuration Wizard from menu Tool. Press Read from file and then select the desired file (with Rel extension). Press Open push button and then the system will show the file content into the New Configuration Area. Select into the Actual configuration area the equipment you desire to download, the list of the remote element included the local. Press Send to send the list.
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21
21.1
SCOPE
This chapter describes the procedure to back up the full equipment configuration. This permits to recover the original equipment configuration in case of faulty CONTROLLER module replacement with spare.
21.2
CONFIGURATION UPLOAD
Foreword: it is advisable to upload the configuration during the first installation. Proceed as follows: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Select Equipment Configuration Wizard from menu "Tools"; "Equipment Configuration Wizard" window will be displayed. Select Upload and then Backup Full Equipment Configuration; Template Selection window will be displayed. Select the correct equipment template (in case of uncorrected choice the backup will be aborted). Press OK and then select the equipment to be uploaded from Upload Configuration File window. Press OK and then edit the file name from Save backup as window. Press Save; Equipment Configuration Wizard: Complete Backup window will appear. The window shows dynamically the backup procedure. If everything is OK, at the end of the upload will appear the word done showing the procedure success. 7 Press OK to finish.
21.3
CONFIGURATION DOWNLOAD
Once the spare LIM has been installed proceed as follows: 1 2 Select Equipment Configuration Wizard from menu Tools. Equipment Configuration Wizard window will be displayed. Select Download and than Restore Full Equipment Configuration from Equipment Configuration Wizard. Select Backup File window will be displayed.
164
3 4
Select the wanted backup file with extension .bku and then press Open. Download Configuration File window will be displayed. Select the equipment to download and then press OK; Equipment Configuration Wizard: Complete restore window will be displayed. This window shows dynamically the download operation. The word done indicates that download has been successfully. Press OK to finish.
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22
22.1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains the description of the procedure to update ALS radio with SDH firmware. Firmware update IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING: this procedure minimize the duration of traffic interruptions. This procedure is applicable to each equipment of the network: it is presented as a procedure applicable using the SCT/LCT, both from a local connection or from a remote one, but an equivalent procedure may be followed from the NMS5UX management system.
22.2
Firmware software modules are described by an object called System version. The system version is made up by a code and a version: SRALSOxy version 0x.0y.0z where X and y are digits describing the release and the last z is the digit regarding the version of the release. Few examples are: SRALSO11 version 01.01.01 SRALSO12 version 01.02.03 Tab.23 System version composition SRALSOxy (0x.0y.0z) E82079 N90485 N90483 Version 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c 0a.0b.0c ALS radio link Equipment controller boot (C12080) Equipment controller appl. Fpga_Base_Band (LIM Ed. 01) Conf_Base_Band (LIM Ed. 01) Fpga_Base_Band (LIM Ed. 02) Conf_Base_Band (LIM Ed. 02) Fpga_Modem (RIM Ed. 01) Conf_Modem (RIM Ed. 01) Fpga_Modem (RIM Ed. 02) Conf_Modem (RIM Ed. 02) Fpga_Modem (RIM XPIC) Conf_Modem (RIM XPIC) Radio boot Radio appl. Radio Fpga (ALS6, ALS18, ALS23) Radio Fpga (ALS13)
N90508
N90486
N90530
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22.3
PRELIMINARY CHECKS
Once received from SIAE a new system version, always check inside the "release notes" if the new system version can be applied on the working one directly or if an intermediate step should be performed before. Before starting the upgrade procedure be sure of the status of the equipment to be downloaded. In the SCT window Current alarms verify the absence of internal alarms, i.e. alarms related to: hardware module failures software module failure hardware or software mismatch units not responding
If the download is performed on a terminal connected to the SCT via the PPP radio, verify also the absence of any alarm related to the radio connection, i.e.: RX power low TX power low HBER, LBER or EWL.
The presence of any other kind of alarm must in any case be justified and its cause known before proceeding with the download procedure. Upgrade should not be performed in presence of alarms. In any case, if any alarm is present, save a Fault Report (using the SCT menu Equipment/Reports/Fault Report) as a reference, to verify after the upgrade that no further alarms appeared. To assure the possibility to perform a downgrade from the new version back to the old one, you must save all the configuration data (using the SCT configuration wizard) before starting this update. Note: Saving the configuration before proceeding with the download of a new version is always recommended, even if downgrade is not foreseen.
22.4
FIRMWARE UPGRADE
A list of necessary steps is provided. Please, be sure to have read previous chapters before performing the upgrade. Note: the order of the paragraphs corresponds to the order to be followed in the upgrade procedure to guarantee the minimum impact on the traffic and the proper behaviour of the equipment.
22.4.1
In SCT window Download setup select in Download Type field Forced. Locate the file als_all_osi.dwl on your PC (in Fig.113 you can see an example of Download Setup window, please note that the Download file path in the example may not correspond to the one you have).
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Fig.113 Download setup window for equipment controller application download Press Start to execute the download. Confirm the command clicking on Procedure to download? button (see Fig.114) before expiration time.
Fig.114 Confirm of the operation The Downloading window (see Fig.115) appears with download status.
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During download, the relevant Status message is present in the log window of the SCT. During the download no traffic interruption and no alarm should appear. During the download the Downloading Warning is present in the summary panel. After the download, the Software Download Completed message appears in the log window of SCT and new SW release appears in the software unit table of Equipment Software Version window. Important note: if Software Download Aborted message appears in log window of SCT or if Software Download Completed message does not appear, the download operation has not been properly performed, hence the bench switch must not be done. After the download, click on Bench Switch button to switch on the memory bench with the new firmware as in Fig.116.
22.4.2
Warning: This download procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING, if performed on the working radio branch. In 1+1 system, to minimize the impact on traffic the download has to be performed on the stand-by branch. In this procedure we assume that initially the working radio branch is branch 1. If the initially working radio branch is branch 2, just reverse the instructions between branch1 and branch 2. In Download setup window select download type Only difference or not present/peripheral. Locate the file n90487_0a0b0c -br2A.dwl on your PC (similar to Fig.113). Please note the actual file name has the actual firmware module version (e.g. 01.01.00) instead of 0a0b0c.
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In a 1+1 equipment this file refers to radio branch 2. Press Start to execute the download. Confirm the command clicking on Proceed to download? button (see Fig.114) before expiration time. A window will appear, giving the status of the download, similarly to Fig.115. During download, the relevant Status message is present in the log window of the SCT. During the download no traffic interruption and no alarm should appear. During the download the Downloading Warning is present in the summary panel. This upgrade procedure IS NOT TRAFFIC AFFECTING only if performed on the stand-by branch. After the download, the Software Download Completed message appears in log window of SCT and new SW release appears in the software unit table of Equipment Software Version window (see Fig.116).
22.4.3
Warning: This download procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING, if performed on the working radio branch. In 1+1 system, to minimize the impact on traffic the download has to be performed on the stand-by branch. In this procedure we assume that initially the working radio branch is branch 1. If the initially working radio branch is branch 2, just reverse the instructions between branch1 and branch2. In SCT window Download setup (similar to Fig.113) select download type Only difference or not present/peripheral. Locate the file n90489_0a0b0c_br2A.dwl (for ALS6U, ALS18 or ALS23) or n90543_0a0b0c_br2A.dwl (for ALS13) on your PC. Press Start to execute the download. Confirm the command clicking on the Proceed to download? button (as in Fig.114) before expiration time. A window will appear, giving the status of the download, similarly to Fig.115. During download, the relevant Status message is present in the log window of the SCT. During the download no traffic interruption and no alarm should appear. During the download the Downloading Warning is present in the summary panel. After the download, the Software Download Completed message appears in log window of SCT and new SW release appears in the software unit table of Equipment Software Version window (see Fig.116).
22.4.4
Warning: this download procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING, if performed on the working radio branch. In 1+1 system, to minimize the impact on traffic the download has to be performed on the stand-by branch. In this procedure we assume that initially the working radio branch is branch 1. If the initially working radio branch is branch 2, just reverse the instructions between branch 1 and branch 2. In the SCT window Download setup (similar to Fig.113) select download type Only difference or not present/peripheral. Locate the file n90486_rim2a.dwl on your PC. User must always select n90486_rim2a.dwl; the controller will manage the download of this file or of the file n90530_*** depending on the version of the controller itself. Press Start to execute the download.
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Confirm the command clicking on the Proceed to download? button (as in Fig.114) before expiration time. A window will appear, giving the status of the download, similarly to Fig.115. During download, the relevant Status message is present in the log window of the SCT. During the download no traffic interruption and no alarm should appear. During the download the Downloading Warning is present in the summary panel. After the download, the Software Download Completed message appears in log window of SCT and new SW release appears in the software unit table of Equipment Software Version window (see Fig.116).
22.4.5
Warning: This part of the procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING: the average impact on the traffic is 1 ES (Errored Second) and 1 SES (Severely Errored Second). OPen ALS LCT, select Radio Switch page and set Branch-2 for both Rx preferential and Tx Preferential fields (see Fig.117).
Fig.117 Radio switch window Press Apply to perform the new setting. Confirm the command clicking on the Confirm changes? button (as in Fig.114) before expiration time. As a consequence of the Tx switch, some Rx alarms will appear on the remote terminal, on both branches.
171
22.4.6
Warning: this download procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING, if performed on the working radio branch. In 1+1 system, to minimize the impact on traffic the download has to be performed on the stand-by branch. In this procedure we assume that initially the working radio branch is branch 1. If the initially working radio branch is branch 2, just reverse the instructions between branch 1 and branch 2. In Download setup window select download type Only difference or not present/peripheral. Locate the file n90487_0a0b0c_br1A.dwl on your PC (similar to Fig.113). In a 1+1 equipment this file refer to radio branch 1. Press Start to execute the download. Confirm the command clicking on Proceed to download? button (see Fig.114) before expiration time. A window will appear, giving the status of the download, similarly to Fig.115. During download, the relevant Status message is present in the log window of the SCT. During the download no traffic interruption and no alarm should appear. During the download the Downloading Warning is present in the summary panel. After the download, the Software Download Completed message appears in log window of SCT and new SW release appears in the software unit table of Equipment Software Version window (see Fig.116).
22.4.7
N90489 (ALS6U-ALS18-ALS23)/N90543 (ALS13) - Radio FPGA download - second branch (1+1 system only)
Warning: This download procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING, if performed on the working radio branch. In 1+1 system, to minimize the impact on traffic the download has to be performed on the stand-by branch. In this procedure we assume that initially the working radio branch is branch 1. If the initially working radio branch is branch 2, just reverse the instructions between branch 1 and branch 2. In SCT window Download setup (similar to Fig.113) select download type Only difference or not present/peripheral. Locate the file n90489_0a0b0c_br1A.dwl (for ALS6U, ALS18 or ALS23) or n90543_0a0b0c_br1A.dwl (for ALS13) on your PC. Press Start to execute the download. Confirm the command clicking on the Proceed to download? button (as in Fig.114) before expiration time. A window will appear, giving the status of the download, similarly to Fig.115. During download, the relevant Status message is present in the log window of the SCT. During the download no traffic interruption and no alarm should appear. During the download the Downloading Warning is present in the summary panel. After the download, the Software Download Completed message appears in log window of SCT and new SW release appears in the software unit table of Equipment Software Version window (see Fig.116).
22.4.8
Warning: This download procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING, if performed on the working radio branch. In 1+1 system, to minimize the impact on traffic the download has to be performed on the stand-by branch. In this procedure we assume that initially the working radio branch is branch 1.
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If the initially working radio branch is branch 2, just reverse the instructions between branch 1 and branch 2. In SCT window Download setup (similar to Fig.113) select download type Only difference or not present/peripheral. Locate the file n90486_rim1a.dwl on your PC. Press Start to execute the download. Confirm the command clicking on the Proceed to download? button (as in Fig.114) before expiration time. A window will appear, giving the status of the download, similarly to Fig.115. During download, the relevant Status message is present in the log window of the SCT. During the download no traffic interruption and no alarm should appear. During the download the Downloading Warning is present in the summary panel. After the download, the Software Download Completed message appears in log window of SCT and new SW release appears in the software unit table of Equipment Software Version window (see Fig.116).
22.4.9
Warning: This part of the procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING: the average impact on the traffic is 4 ES (Errored Seconds) and 4 SES (Severely Errored Seconds). In SCT window Download setup (similar to Fig.113) select download type Only difference or not present/peripheral. Locate the file n90483.dwl on your PC. In a 1+1 equipment this file refer to radio branch 1. Press Start to execute the download. Confirm the command clicking on the Proceed to download? button (as in Fig.114) before expiration time. A window will appear, giving the status of the download, similarly to Fig.115. This upgrade procedure IS TRAFFIC AFFECTING (about 4 ES and 4 SES has been observed). After the download, the Software Download Completed message appears in log window of SCT and new SW release appears in the software unit table of Equipment Software Version window (see Fig.116).
22.5
FINAL CHECK
When the upgrade procedure is finished, verify the status of the equipment by opening the SCT Current alarms window and verifying the absence of alarms. If before starting the upgrade procedure some alarms were present, compare Current alarms list with the previously saved one. In case of new alarms, verify the possible cause and check the equipment configuration regarding on previously saved Fault Report.
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22.5.1
Downgrade procedure
If any unresolvable problem occurs while running the newly downloaded version, a downgrade is still possible. This chapter explains how to perform it. If upgrade procedure has been performed step by step, the link works on branch 2, in Tx and in Rx. Downgrade operation can be performed on branch 1 (in stand-by). Note: a complete downgrade may not br necessary to recover the full functionalities of the equipment. In this case you can perform only some of the following steps.
Equipment controller
The downgrade of the Equipment Controller firmware is easily done by a simple bench switch (the previously running firmware being still present in the stand-by memory bench.
Baseband download
To perform the downgrade of the modem firmware please follow the procedure of paragraph 22.4.9, selecting the file n90483.dwl from the relevant system version.
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23
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
23.1
GENERAL
In the following chapters: IDU characteristics ODU characteristics: the following characteristics, relevant to the radio frequency, are included in attached manuals: operating band and subbands band number and width of RF filter subdivision of the operating band in different transmitters TX guaranteed characteristics Rx guaranteed characteristics consumption and power supply characteristics losses in branching and flange typology towards antenna or wave guide.
description of IDU and its functional modules description of ODU and its functional modules.
175
23.2
-
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
5
1+0/1+1 Hot Stand-by 1 antenna or 2 antennas/ 1+1 frequency diversity/2+0 32/128QAM coherent adjacent channel polarised (ACAP) adjacent channel co-polarised (ACCP) co-channel dual polarisation (CCDP)
Line interfaces
STM-1 electrical ITU-T G.703 STM-1 optical I1/S.1.1/L1.1 as per ITU-T G.957 63x2 Mbit/s G.703 6 Ethernet IEEE 802.3 10/100BaseT, 100BaseFx, 6 1000BaseSx or Lx 6 75 Ohm micro coaxial 120 Ohm balanced type D 25 pins
STM-1 tributary port impedance Impedance and 2 Mbit/s trib. port connectors
Switching protection
-
Switching configuration Tx switching outage time Rx switching type Static delay recovery Dynamic delay recovery
1+1 Hot Stand-by or 1+1 frequency diversity 180 ms hitless 32 bit 16 bit
Performance monitoring
G.828 counters Transmitter and receiver power counters Received Level and Transmitted Level Threshold Seconds- Number of seconds during whom the received (transmitted power) is below (above) a predefined threshold "n". The number of threshold is 4. The operator can set the threshold value. ES, SES, SEP, BBE, UAS
5 6
SDH IDU compact is only 1+0 only for SDH IDU modular
176
Received Level and Transmitted Level Tide Mark - The Received (Transmitted) Level Tide Mark is a mechanism that records the maximum and the minimum value reached by RL (TL) during a measurement period.
Environmental conditions
Temperature range IDU ODU ETSI EN 300-019 -5C to +45C -33C to +50C 93% up to 30C as per Recc. IP65 ETS 300-489-4
Dimensions
IDU 1U mod./compact (lxhxp) IDU 2U modular (lxhxp) ODU AS 1+0 (lxhxp) ODU AS 1+1 (lxhxp) ODU ALS 1+0 (lxhxp) ODU ALS 1+1 (lxhxp) 480x45x260 mm 480x90x260 mm 254x254x121 mm 358x254x296 mm 165x400x190 mm 316x400x229 mm
Weights of ODU
ODU AS 1+0 ODU AS 1+1 ODU ALS 1+0 ODU ALS 1+1 5.5 kg. 15 kg. 9 kg. 19 kg.
IDU/ODU AS connection
Nominal impedance Coaxial cable Cable attenuation Cable return loss Cable max. length 50 Ohm 1 cable for 1+0 configuration 2 cables for 1+1 configuration <30 dB for 330 MHz better than 22 dB for 330 MHz <300 m (1/4 Cellflex cable)
177
Tab.24 Cable examples Max cable length K09212A 300 m 200 m K09259 300 m 210 m K09217A 300 m 220 m K09202 550 m 550 m
V or H
ACAP
ACCP
CCDP
Criteria used for switches are listed in Tab.25 and Tab.26. Tab.25 - Tx switch Priority High Level 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 Low 5 Alarm RIM PSU alarm Manual forcing Cable short alarm Cable open alarm Modulator failure alarm ODU unit failure alarm VCO failure alarm IF unit alarm Tx power low alarm Demand from remote (both remote receivers in HBER) Revertive Tx
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Tab.26 - Rx switch Priority High Level 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 Low 7 Alarm RIM PSU alarm Manual forcing Cable short alarm Cable open alarm ODU unit failure alarm VCO failure alarm IF unit alarm Demodulator failure alarm BER Early warning Rx Power low alarm CRC pulse Revertive Rx
179
24
24.1
GENERAL
The following IDU characteristics are guaranteed for the temperature range from -5C to +45 C and are the same for IDU ALS and ALS-C, if not differently specified.
24.2
Input side
Bit rate Line code Rated impedance Rated level Return Loss Max. attenuation of the input cable 155520 kbit/s 20 ppm CMI 75 ohm 1 Vpp 0.1 V 15 dB from 8 MHz to 240 MHz 12.7 dB at 78 MHz (
f law)
Output side
Bit rate Rated level Pulsa shape 155520 kbit/s 4,6 ppm 1 Vpp 0.1 V see mask of Figures 24 and 25 of ITU-T Rec. G.703
24.3
The optical interface can be specialized for different applications, by simply equipping the STM-1 optical interface with the appropriate pluggable transceiver (with LC optical connectors). Information about the presence/absence and type of transceiver is transferred to the main controller. The characteristics of all the possible optical interfaces are summarized in the Tab.27- Possible optical interfaces:
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Tab.27 - Possible optical interfaces Launched power (dBm) 0 ... -5 0 ... -5 -8 ...-15 -14 ... -20 Minimum sensitivity (dBm) -34 -34 -28 -28 Operating wavelength 1480-1580 1263-1360 1263-1360 1263-1360 Distance (km) Up to 80 Up to 40 Up to 15 Up to 2
The LIM is provided with Automatic Laser Shutdown functionality as prescribed by ITU-T G.664 Recommendation.
24.4
Input side
Bit ate Line code Rated impedance Rated level Return loss 2048 kbit/s HDB3 120 Ohm 2.37 Vp/75 Ohm or 3 Vp/120 Ohm 12 dB from 57 kHz to 102 kHz 18 dB from 102 kHz to 2048 kHz 14 dB from 2048 kHz to 3072 kHz 6 dB according to
50 ppm
Max attenuation of the input cable Accepted jitter Transfer function Output jitter
f law
see mask in Table 2, ITU-T Rec. G.823 see mask in Figure 1, ITU-T Rec. G.742 Rec. G.783 (Table 10.1 (4/97))
Output side
Bit rate Rated impedance Rated level Pulsa shape 2048 kbit/s 50 ppm 120 Ohm 2.37 Vp/75 Ohm or 3 Vp/120 Ohm see mask in Figure 15, ITU-T Rec. G.703
24.5
Input side
Bit rate Line code Rated impedance 2048 kbit/s 50 ppm HDB3 75 ohm and 120 ohm, depending on used pin
181
2.37 Vp/75 Ohm or 3 Vp/120 Ohm 12 dB from 57 kHz to 102 kHz 18 dB from 102 kHz to 2048 kHz 14 dB from 2048 kHz to 3072 kHz 6 dB according to
Max attenuation of the input cable Accepted jitter Transfer function Output jitter
trend
see mask in Table 2, CCITT Rec. G.823 see mask in Figure 1, CCITT Rec. G742 Rec. G.783 (Table 10.1 (4/97))
Output side
Bit rate Rated impedance Rated level Pulse shape 2048 kbit/s 50 ppm 75 Ohm or 120 Ohm 2.37 Vp/75 Ohm or 3 Vp/120 Ohm see mask in Figure 15, CCITT Rec. G.703
24.6
-
Bit rate WAN throughput Frame Concatenation Bridge loop avoidance Optical user interface Optical connector Electrical user interface
182
Switch characteristics
See Tab.28. Tab.28 - Switch characteristics Parameter User ports (external) WAN ports (internal) Mode Address learning capacity MAC aging time 802.1Q VLANs Port based VLAN Packet buffer memory Max frame size Ethernet output queue Weight queues QoS Layer 2 flow control MDI/MDX (electrical) Value 3 3 Half/full duplex Full duplex 8K 01 hour Up to 4095 Yes/Not 1 Mbit 1632 Bytes 4 Strictly/weighted None/802.1p/TOSDSCP Yes/Not Yes/Not Notes 2x10/100 + 1x100/1000 Up to 580 Mbit/s For 10/100 electrical Fixed for 100/1000 optical Globally for the switch 15 sec steps software configurable Software configurable Software configurable Globally for the switch Software (standard or extended) Jumbo per LAN1 Fixed Software configurable Software configurable Software configurable Software configurable
183
Optical transmit power Receive sensitivity Average receive power max Link power budget Compliance
24.7
-
24.8
ALARM INTERFACE
User output
Relay contacts Open contacts R min. Closed contacts R max. Switching voltage Vmax Switching voltage Imax normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC) 100 MOhm at 500 Vdc 0.5 Ohm 100 V 1A
User input
Equivalent circuit recognized as a closed contact Equivalent circuit recognized as a open contact 200 Ohm resist. (max) referred to -6 V (min) 60 kOhm (min) referred to +4 V (max)
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24.9
AUI interface
Connector
15 pin SUBD with a branching cable and a transceiver to the Ethernet Thick coaxial cable TCP/IP and IPoverOSI
RJ45 interface
LAN type Connector Connection to LAN Protocol Ethernet Twisted Pair 802.3 10BaseT RJ45 direct with a CAT5 Twisted Pair TCP/IP or IPoverOSI
BNC interface
LAN type Connector
Ethernet thinnet 802.3 10Base2 BNC RG58 coax. cable 50 Ohm TCP/IP or IPoverOSI
RS232 interface
Electrical interface Connector Asynchronous baud rate Protocol V.28 9 pin SUB-D female 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 PPP
24.10 MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR
Carrier modulating frequency Tx side Rx side 330 MHz 140 MHz 32QAM/128QAM
Type of modulation
185
Type of coding Modulating signal gross bit rate Spectrum shaping Demodulation Baseband adaptive equalizer Coding gain (asymptotic)
BCM (Block Coded Modulation) 169036.846 kbit/s (STM-1) 338073.692 kbit/s (2xSTM-1) raised cosine (roll-off = 0.45 for 32QAM; 0.26 or 0.35 for 128QAM) coherent 21 taps 11 dB
Warning: As protection to power supply circuit, inside the equipment and behind the front panel, there is a fuse with the following characteristics:
186
3A 125 Vdc timed 6.10 mm x 2.59 mm soldering, not remplaceable during the service RIM module, behind front panel
187
25
CHARACTERISTICS OF ODU
25.1
GENERAL
The following ODU characteristics, relevant to the radio frequency, are included in attached manuals: operating band and subbands band number and width of RF filter subdivision of the operating band in different transmitters TX guaranteed characteristics Rx guaranteed characteristics consumption and power supply characteristics losses in branching and flange typology towards antenna or wave guide.
188
26
26.1
GENERAL
SDH IDU is available in modular and compact versions. Modular version has nxSTM1 or Ethernet line interface. Compact version has only STM-1 line interface. Both versions can be connected to ODU AS and ODU ALS.
26.2
The SDH IDU consists of a wired mechanical shelf housing the following: LIM (Line Interface Module) RIM (Radio Interface Module) Controller.
26.2.1
Three Ethernet ports are available: 2x10/100BaseT + 1x100BaseFX o 1000BaseSX/LX (Class 1 LED or Laser). Functions are those of a transparent bridge working on OSI level 2: Level 2 QoS management with priority queues control Flow control Access to carrier through MAC address examination VLAN management with VLAN segregation on the carrier Spanning-Tree Protocol management to avoid undesirable loops in the network
Quality of Service (QoS) is managed at level 2 and 3 with 4 priority queues for every port. Packets are sent to the right queue after analysis of the three bits of IEEE 802.1 tag or analysis of the bits of ToS field in the IP header. The module can accept Ethernet frames up to 1632 bytes but through LAN1 port configured as Full-Duplex 1Gigabit JUMBO, the limit is 12KB. Ethernet traffic is mapped in a GFP-F frame and multiplexed in VC3 (proprietary protocol): ALS link with Ethernet LIM allows point to point or East/West connection with identical equipment only. In order to provide independent routes in the network, two virtual concatenations are available. Every port (3 external and 2 internal) can be associated to a different concatenation with transport variable capacity, with 580Mbit/s radio side maximum throughput (290 mbit/s per direction in East/West configuration).
189
Besides the Ethernet ports are available one V11 64 kbit/s contradir. channel (RJ45 connector) and eight E1 streams (single SCSI 50 pin connector) with 75 Ohms and 120 Ohms electrical interface: impedance selection occurs through proper connection of pins during connector cabling preparation. The eight streams are multiplexed and sent to Ethernet mapper circuit while the V11 channel is directly connected to STM-1 streams processor.
Functional description
Ethernet traffic is processed at level 2, transparent bridge mode. The three external Ethernet ports are connected to an internal level 2 switch that routes the traffic in different direction depending on the MAC address (MAC filtering). LAN1 port in Full-Duplex 1Gigabit JUMBO (MAC filtering off) mode jumps this internal switch and sends traffic to GFP-F framer directly. Ethernet packet before to be sent to the proper VC3 is mapped in a GFP-F frame. For radio transport can exist up to 2 virtual concatenations of VC3 (each with relevant bridge). A block diagram is in Fig.119 with all the following main functional blocks.
Electrical interface
Electrical interface complies to 802.3 standard and provides two RJ45 connectors on the front panel.
Optical interface
Optical interface is obtained with a pluggable Laser o LED transceiver with LC connector. Equipment controller gives the user information about transceiver presence/absence/type.
Ethernet mapper
This circuit maps encapsulated packed traffic and tributaries (8 E1 streams) inside VC3 concatenated together. Traffic can be divided in 2 different virtual concatenation in order to create different routes in the network. Each port can be associated to a different concatenation with transport variable capacity, with 580Mbit/s internal side maximum throughput.
Micro Interface
All the configuration and management functions of the module are performed by Micro Interface
Microprocessor
The microprocessor manages dinamically the Spanning Tree Protocol. It has a Dual Port RAM for the interconnection towards the main Controller
RAM
Memory necessary to recover the delay among the various VC3 of the same concatenation and to recover the originary sequence of Ethernet packet.
190
STM-1 manager
The block converts the two virtual concatenations in STM-1 streams (and viceversa) in the same way described in 26.2.2.3 4xSTM-1 interface and in Fig.121.
V11
Trib. 1-8
8xE1 mux/demux
Front panel
JUMBO frame
Optical transceiver Electrical interface Electrical interface Layer 2 SWITCH GMII interface and GFP framer Ethernet mapper STM-1 manager
1 2 3 4
100B T
RAM FLASH
191
Alarms Alarms (LOF, RPM, J0) dem1 and (LOF, RPM, J0) 2 alarms, Ber
Hitless switch
Switch control
2 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
RSOH insert 1
RSOH insert 2
F1 D1D3 B1 J0 STM1
Equip. controller
F1 D1D3 B1 J0 STM1
line 1
line 2
Fig.120 - LIM block diagram, RST mode - 2x2STM-1 version - from radio side to line side
STM1#1 STM1#2 As per circuitry of Fig. 119 and 120 MODEM A ODU A
MODEM B
ODU B
192
26.2.2
The LIM is placed between the line side and the RIM circuitry. It interfaces the STM-1, 2xSTM-1, 4xSTM-1 tributary signals as below described.
26.2.2.1
STM-1 interface
Remaining bytes are not changed and transit with no change. In case of input signal fail or failed recognition of A1/A2 or J0 byte on both radio streams an alarm criteria is provided (LOS/LOF) which allows to: enable the local restart and permit the insertion of service signals relevant to RSOH section of SOH towards the radio side. insert an MS AIS signal on the SOH and on the payload.
The RSOH bytes previously terminated from line side are radio side recovered for sending the whole STM1 frame to the two RIMs. One 2 Mbit/s wayside channel is embedded in the STM-1 frame by using the media dependent bytes and extra columns joined to STM-1 frame. The total bit rate corresponds to 157248 kbit/s. Remaining bytes are not used and transit with no change.
The SOH drop circuit extracts the following bytes: B1: byte Interleaved Parity, BIP-8 code using even parity. B1 byte carries link quality information. B1 byte is sent to main controller in order to process the performance monitoring relevant to G.826. It is calculated on all bits of the previous STM-1 frame after scrambling and placed into B1 byte of the current frame prior to scrambling. D1, D2, D3 are the DCC channel and are sent to main controller for supervision and management of regenerator sections F1 is used for extraction of a 64 kbit/s, V11 channel. This signal can be terminated or passed to the radio side. 2 Mbit/s wayside from media dependent bytes and extra columns joined to STM-1 frame.
193
Remaining bytes are not changed and transit with no change. In 1+1 version STM-1 signals at the output of the two SOH drop circuits are sent to the Rx switching section. The switch is of hitless type. It provides the dynamic alignment for the two streams before switching with delay compensation up to 16 bit. Switching operation can be observed on front panel LEDS. Alarms and controls managed by the main controller manage the switching operation according to the following priority list: power supply failure alarm local manual force command major receiver alarms: receiver failure, cable interface alarm, demodulator, LOS/LOF alarms HBER alarm: bit error rate with threshold presettable 10-6 or 10-3 HBER alarm: bit error rate with threshold presettable 10-9 or 10-6 Early warning: bit error rate with threshold presettable 10-12 or 10-9 Prx alarm: presettable threshold within the received field range preferred branch presetting.
The STM-1 signal at switching output is sent to SOH Insert circuit to insert B1, DCC and F1. In case of local restart A1, A2 bytes are regenerated for frame alignment purpose. SPI output circuit allows to adapt levels and code to G.703 specification for electrical interface or G.957 for optical interface.
26.2.2.2
2xSTM-1 interface
At the output of the 2xSTM-1 multiplexer the bit rate of the signal is 314496 kbit/s. Along with the relevant clock the 314496 kbit/s signal is sent to the two modulators within the RIM via an hybrid for signal duplication.
194
At the output of SOH drop circuit will be available, on two separated paths, the two STM-1 signals plus the 2 Mbit/s way side. The circuits that follow first terminate the wayside signals sending them to the 2 Mbit/s output interfaces and then, through a RSOH insert circuit, embed the F1, D1-D3, J0, B1 into the two STM-1 frames to be delivered to the line side. Take into account that only one F1 can be use to carry a 64 kbit/s -V.11 channel from the local service interface. The other F1 carries another 64 kbit/s-V11 channel (if used) in pass-through mode.
26.2.2.3
4xSTM-1 interface
Refer to Fig.126. The four STM-1 signals are two by two grouped (precisely STM-1#1 with STM-1#2 and STM-1#3 with STM1#4) and then sent to two different 2xSTM-1 multiplexers. The signal processing is equal to that already seen in paragraph 26.2.2.2 2xSTM-1 interface. The output of the 2x2 STM-1 multiplexers are individually sent to modem 1 and modem 2 to be applied, through the two transceivers, to a double-polarization antenna. This occurs when the frequency re-use system is used.
26.2.2.4
Up to 4xSTM-1 synchronisation
Refer to Fig.127. The 2xSTM1 or 4xSTM-1 configurations require: the input STM-1s to be synchronous among them; the selection of the clock signal achieved from one of the input STM-1.
This to the purpose to generate a common synchronisation that enables the generation of one (2xSTM-1 transmission) or two 2xSTM-1 (4xSTM-1 transmission) frames along with the 2x2 Mbit/s waysides and 64 kbit/s service channel. As shown by the Fig.127 the clocks extracted from the up to four STM-1 signals are sent to a selection circuit that chooses one of the four signals depending on the control sent by a selection logic. This latter acts on the base of alarm roots (LOS-loss of input signal or LOF-loss of frame) priority assigned and manual forcing. The selected clock drives an oscillator through a PLL circuit. The oscillator will generate the required synchronisation for the 2xSTM-1 frame generation. If no input signals are available the internal oscillator source is used for the local restart.
26.2.3
The RIM consists of a common board housing the following mains circuits: 32/128 QAM modemodulator power supply and cable interface.
26.2.3.1
Modem
195
Modulator side
The aggregate signal from LIM is enriched with extra redundancy for FEC operation reaching the total modulating rate shown below: 169036,846 kbit/s (1xSTM-1 version) 338073,692 kbit/s (2xSTM-1 version).
The circuit that follows encodes the data for the 32 or 128 constellation points and then, through a digital filters and D/A converters, supplies the I & Q signals to the QAM modulator along with 330 MHz carrier. The QAM modulated carrier is passed, through an IF low pass filter and an amplifier, to the cable interface circuit for the connection to the IDU/ODU cable.
Demodulator side
The 140 MHz QAM modulated carrier from ODU, is received by the demodulator input passing through the cable interface circuit. An IF amplifier provided with AGC compensates for cable loss. This amplifier has two outputs: one connected to the I&Q demodulator circuit, the other can be used for Xpic operation. The I&Q demodulator is driven by a 140 MHz recovered carrier. The carrier and clock recovery information are achieved by the relevant circuits. From the analogue to digital converters the I&Q signals are sent to the adaptive equalizer to minimize the intersymbolic interference. The data are then passed to the decoder and the error corrector for the relevant processing and for generation of a single aggregate signal to be sent to the LIM.
26.2.3.2
Reference is made to Fig.130. The Power Supply Unit receives the 48 V battery voltage from a 3W3 SUB-D connector on RIM front. The battery is processed through a DC to DC converter to achieve the +3.5V; +1.5V; +5V to power feed the LIM and the RIM. The same battery voltage is sent to the interconnection cable to power the far ODU. An automatic protection protects the battery against cable short. The Cable Interface permits the bidirectional dialogue between IDU and ODU. It consists of combination and separation filters. Signals from IDU to ODU are the following: battery voltage between the core and the cable shield 330 MHz, 32/128QAM modulated carrier carrying the main signal 17.5 MHz FSK modulated carrier coming from the LIM and carrying the controls for ODU management.
Signal from ODU to IDU are the following: 5 MHz FSK modulated carrier going to LIM and carrying the measurements and alarms from ODU 140 MHz 32/128 QAM modulated carrier carrying the main signal
196
26.2.4
The RIM with XPIC for frequency reuse systems consists of a common board housing the following main circuits: 32/128QAM modemodulator 32/128QAM additional demodulator power supply and cable interface.
Modemodulator, power supply and cable interface are the same of normal RIM.
ON FAIL 1
ON 2
ON 3
ON
W.S.1
W.S.2 R Q3
X -
LCT
RS232
USER IN/OUT
26.2.5
The controller module supplies the following: the interface ports for the management program access the equipment software for equipment management the alarm interface through relay contacts that permits to transfer outside the alarm severity associated to each alarm root along with external input alarms.
197
26.2.5.1
Interface ports
The SCT/LCT or NMS5UX management program takes access to the equipment through the following interface ports: LCT provided with an USB access connector with a maximum speed rate of 12 Mbit/s RS232 provided with a SUB-D access connector with a maximum speed rate of 57.6 kbit/s Q3-Ethernet IEEE 802.3 with three different access connector options: RJ45/AUI/BNC. STM-1 QECC using D1-D3-SOH bytes of the STM-1 frame with a speed rate of 192 kbit/s.
26.2.5.2
Equipment firmware
Equipment firmware controls and manages all the equipment functionalities. It is distributed over two hardware levels: main controller within the controller module and peripheral controller within the ODU. The dialogue between the main and slave controllers occurs through a 388 kbit/s frame carried by FSK modemodulators (see Fig.131) housed into IDU and ODU.
Main controller
The activities performed by the main controller are the following: Communication management: it makes use of SNMP as management protocol and IP or IPoverOSI as communication protocol stacks. See Fig.132 and Fig.133 for details. The interface ports to permits the dialogue man-machine between the SCT/LCT - NMS5UX programs and the main controller are listed in paragraph 26.2.5.1. Log-in: the main controller manages the equipment or network login/logout by setting and then controlling the users ID and relevant password. Database (MIB): validation and storing in a non-volatile memory of the equipment configuration parameters. Equipment configuration: distribution of the parameters stored in the MIB towards the peripheral Ps for their attenuation in addition to the controls from user not stored in the MIB (i.e. loops, manual forcing etc....) Alarm monitoring: acquisition, filtering and correlation of the alarms gathered from slaved Ps. Local logger and alarm sending to the connected managers: SCT/LCT-NMS5UX. Management of the alarm signalling on the LIM front panel. Performances: PM management as per Recc. G.828. Download: the main controller is equipped with two flash memory banks containing the running program (active bank) and the stand-by program (inactive bank). This permits to download a new software release to the inactive bank without distributing the traffic. Bank switch enables the new release to be used. Download activity is based on FTP protocol which downloads application programs, FPGA configuration, configuration files on main controller inactive bank or directly on the peripheral controllers.
Peripheral controller
The peripheral controllers take place within the ODU and are slaved to main controller with the task of activating controls and alarm reporting of dedicated functionality.
198
26.2.6
IDU telemetry
Refer to Fig.134. The telemetry is used to: propagate towards the far radio terminal the following information: ATPC, user inputs and alarms. It makes use of the S (2,2) media dependent byte for the transport. permits the dialogue between IDU and ODU. the ODU management controls are framed over a 388 kbit/s signal that from the main controller is propagated over the IDU/ODU interconnecting cable making use of a 5.5 MHz FSK modulated carrier.
Similarly alarms and status from ODU are propagated towards IDU making use of another 388 kbit/s framed signal that is propagated over the interconnecting cable making use of a 17 MHz, FSK modulated carrier.
26.2.7
IDU loops
To control the IDU correct operation a set of local and remote loops are made available. The controls are sent by the management program (SCT/LCT or NMS5UX). Refer to Fig.135 for details.
26.2.7.1
Line loop
Local loop
Each input STM-1 signal is routed back directly to the output thus permitting to control the IN/OUT interconnecting cables.
Remote loop
Each output STM-1 signal is routed back towards the radio. This permits to control the path back and forward.
26.2.7.2
Baseband loop
The input 1xSTM-1 or 2x STM-1 signals are multiplexed and then, through the loop, routed back to the output lines. This permits to control all the LIM circuitry.
26.2.7.3
IDU loop
This loop permits to control the full IDU operation. It happens inside the RIM. The modulator output signal is routed back to the demodulator. Upon enabling the loop, the 330 MHz modulator output frequency is converted to 140 MHz (demodulator input).
Warning: If IDU loop (IF) doesnt work, please repeat the IDU loop (IF) with the IDU-ODU cable disconnected from IDU to give a final result.
199
26.2.8
Fig.136 shows the front panel of SDH IDU modular (with RIM XPIC) with LEDs and connectors highlighted.
26.3
26.3.1
General
IDU SDH compact version is an indoor unit for SDH equipment produced in single board structure. Theres no protected configuration and no XPIC. Two different hardware composition are available for the same unit in order to operate with user interfaces and services a) and b), as illustrated in the Tab.29. Tab.29 - Service and user interfaces Type a b User Payload 2xSTM1 electrical with 1.0/2.3 2xE1 (wayside) connectors 2XSTM1 optical/electrical with plug-in module 2xE1 (wayside) connectors Service 1xV11 1xRS232 1xUSB 2xETH10/100
Capacities 155 Mbit/s (with 32QAM/128QAM modulation) and 311 Mbit/s (with 128QAM modulation) are provided. Specifically the possible alternatives are: STM1 (155 Mbit/s) 128QAM - 28 MHz STM1 (155 Mbit/s) 32QAM - 56 MHz 2xSTM1 (311 Mbit/s) 128QAM - 56 MHz.
IDU consists of a single module which contains all devices to realize following functions: line interface radio interface equipment controller IDU loop baseband loop line loop.
26.3.1.1
STM-1 interface
200
It is calculated on all bits of the previous STM-1 frame after scrambling and placed into B1 byte of the current frame prior to scrambling. D1, D2, D3 are the DCC channels and are sent to main controller for supervision and management of regenerator sections F1 is used for 64 kbit/s, V11 channel transmission. This signal can be terminated or passed to the radio side.
Remaining bytes are not changed and transit with no change. In case of input signal fail or failed recognition of A1/A2 or J0 byte on both radio streams an alarm criteria is provided (LOS/LOF) which allows to: enable the local restart and permit the insertion of service signals relevant to RSOH section of SOH towards the radio side. insert an MS AIS signal on the SOH and on the payload.
The RSOH bytes previously terminated from line side are radio side recovered for sending the whole STM1 frame to modulator. One 2 Mbit/s wayside channel is embedded in the STM-1 frame by using the media dependent bytes and extra columns joined to STM-1 frame. The total bit rate corresponds to 157248 kbit/ s. Remaining bytes are not used and transit with no change.
The SOH drop circuit extracts the following bytes: B1: byte Interleaved Parity, BIP-8 code using even parity. B1 byte carries link quality information. B1 byte is sent to main controller in order to process the performance monitoring relevant to G.826. It is calculated on all bits of the previous STM-1 frame after scrambling and placed into B1 byte of the current frame prior to scrambling. D1, D2, D3 are the DCC channel and are sent to main controller for supervision and management of regenerator sections F1 is used for extraction of a 64 kbit/s, V11 channel. This signal can be terminated or passed to the radio side. 2 Mbit/s wayside from media dependent bytes and extra columns joined to STM-1 frame.
Remaining bytes are not changed and transit with no change. The STM-1 signal is sent to SOH Insert circuit to insert B1, DCC and F1. In case of local restart A1, A2 bytes are regenerated for frame alignment purpose. SPI output circuit allows to adapt levels and code to G.703 specification for electrical interface or G.957 for optical interface.
26.3.1.2
2xSTM-1 interface
201
The 2xSTM-1 frame generation is enabled provided that the two input STM-1 are synchronous between them. The frame also contains the J0 bytes and B1 bytes for radio path trace and performance monitoring. As far as F1 carrying 64 kbit/s V.11 is concerned, the physical interface point on the front is only one. The operating mode is controlled as follows: line side: via software it is possible to terminate one F1 and enable the transit to the other in passthrough modality radio side: via software it is possible to enable one F1 whereas the F1, line side, transits in passthrough modality.
At the output of the 2xSTM-1 multiplexer the bit rate of the signal is 314496 kbit/s. Along with the relevant clock the 314496 kbit/s signal is sent to modulator.
26.3.1.3
Modem
Modulator side
The aggregate signal from line interface is enriched with extra redundancy for FEC operation reaching the total modulating rate shown below: 169036,846 kbit/s (1xSTM-1 version) 338073,692 kbit/s (2xSTM-1 version).
The circuit that follows encodes the data for the 32 or 128 constellation points and then, through a digital filters and D/A converters, supplies the I & Q signals to the QAM modulator along with 330 MHz carrier. The QAM modulated carrier is passed, through an IF low pass filter and an amplifier, to the cable interface circuit for the connection to the IDU/ODU cable.
Demodulator side
The 140 MHz QAM modulated carrier from ODU, is received by the demodulator input passing through the cable interface circuit. An IF amplifier provided with AGC compensates for cable loss. This amplifier has two outputs: one connected to the I&Q demodulator circuit, the other can be used for Xpic operation. The I&Q demodulator is driven by a 140 MHz recovered carrier. The carrier and clock recovery information are achieved by the relevant circuits. From the analogue to digital converters the I&Q signals are sent to the adaptive equalizer to minimize the intersymbolic interference. The data are then passed to the decoder and the error corrector for the relevant processing and for generation of a single aggregate signal to be sent to line interface.
202
26.3.1.4
Reference is made to Fig.141. The Power Supply Unit receives the 48 V battery voltage from a 3W3 SUB-D connector on RIM front. The battery is processed through a DC to DC converter to achieve the +3.5V; +1.5V; +5V to power feed the IDU. The same battery voltage is sent to the interconnection cable to power the far ODU. An automatic protection protects the battery against cable short. The Cable Interface permits the bidirectional dialogue between IDU and ODU. It consists of combination and separation filters. Signals from IDU to ODU are the following: battery voltage between the core and the cable shield 330 MHz, 32/128QAM modulated carrier carrying the main signal 17.5 MHz FSK modulated carrier coming from the Controller and carrying the controls for ODU management.
Signal from ODU to IDU are the following: 5 MHz FSK modulated carrier going to Controller and carrying the measurements and alarms from ODU 140 MHz 32/128 QAM modulated carrier carrying the main signal
26.3.2
Controller
The controller manages the following: the interface ports for the management program access the equipment firmware for equipment functioning the alarm interface through relay contacts that permits to transfer outside the alarm severity associated to each alarm root along with external input alarms.
26.3.2.1
Interface ports
The SCT/LCT or NMS5UX management program takes access to the equipment through the following interface ports: LCT provided with an USB access connector with a maximum speed rate of 12 Mbit/s RS232 provided with a SUB-D access connector with a maximum speed rate of 57.6 kbit/s Q3-Ethernet IEEE 802.3 with RJ45 connector STM-1 QECC using D1-D3-SOH bytes of the STM-1 frame with a speed rate of 192 kbit/s.
26.3.2.2
Equipment firmware
Equipment firmware controls and manages all the equipment functionalities. It is distributed over two hardware levels: main controller within the controller module and peripheral controller within the ODU. The dialogue between the main and slave controllers occurs through a 388 kbit/s frame carried by FSK modemodulators (see Fig.142) housed into IDU and ODU.
203
Main controller
The activities performed by the main controller are the following: Communication management: it makes use of SNMP as management protocol and IP or IPoverOSI as communication protocol stacks. See Fig.143 and Fig.144 for details. Log-in: the main controller manages the equipment or network login/logout by setting and then controlling the users ID and relevant password. Database (MIB): validation and storing in a non-volatile memory of the equipment configuration parameters. Equipment configuration: distribution of the parameters stored in the MIB towards the peripheral Ps for their attenuation in addition to the controls from user not stored in the MIB (i.e. loops, manual forcing etc....) Alarm monitoring: acquisition, filtering and correlation of the alarms gathered from slaved Ps. Local logger and alarm sending to the connected managers: SCT/LCT-NMS5UX. Management of the alarm signalling on the front panel. Performances: PM management as per Recc. G.828. Download: the main controller is equipped with two flash memory banks containing the running program (active bank) and the stand-by program (inactive bank). This permits to download a new software release to the inactive bank without distributing the traffic. Bank switch enables the new release to be used. Download activity is based on FTP protocol which downloads application programs, FPGA configuration, configuration files on main controller inactive bank or directly on the peripheral controllers.
Peripheral controller
The peripheral controllers take place within the ODU and are slaved to main controller with the task of activating controls and alarm reporting of dedicated functionality.
26.3.3
IDU telemetry
Refer to Fig.145. The telemetry is used to: propagate towards the far radio terminal the following information: ATPC, user inputs and alarms. It makes use of the S (2,2) media dependent byte for the transport. permits the dialogue between IDU and ODU. the ODU management controls are framed over a 388 kbit/s signal that from the main controller is propagated over the IDU/ODU interconnecting cable making use of a 5.5 MHz FSK modulated carrier.
Similarly alarms and status from ODU are propagated towards IDU making use of another 388 kbit/s framed signal that is propagated over the interconnecting cable making use of a 17 MHz, FSK modulated carrier.
26.3.4
IDU loops
To control the IDU correct operation a set of local and remote loops are made available. The controls are sent by the management program (SCT/LCT or NMS5UX). Refer to Fig.146 for details.
204
26.3.4.1
Line loop
Local loop
Each input STM-1 signal is routed back directly to the output thus permitting to control the IN/OUT interconnecting cables.
Remote loop
Each output STM-1 signal is routed back towards the radio. This permits to control the path back and forward.
26.3.4.2
Baseband loop
The input 1xSTM-1 or 2x STM-1 signals are multiplexed and then, through the loop, routed back to the output lines. This permits to control all the line interface circuitry.
26.3.4.3
IDU loop
This loop permits to control the full IDU operation. The modulator output signal is routed back to the demodulator. Upon enabling the loop, the 330 MHz modulator output frequency is converted to 140 MHz (demodulator input).
Warning: If IDU loop (IF) doesnt work, please repeat the IDU loop (IF) with the IDU-ODU cable disconnected from IDU to give a final result.
26.3.5
Fig.147 shows the front panel of SDH IDU compact with LEDs and connectors highlighted.
205
206
STM1
SOH Drop
RSOH bytes drop STM1
STM1
from RIM1
Local restart
Ck
G.703 or G.957
STM1
As above
Ck
to RIM1
STM1
SOH Insert
Local restart
SP I In
Ck
STM1
to RIM2
2 Mbit/s wayside
2 Mbit/s
Data loss
Main controller
Alarms
SP I, RSOH DROP 1
2x2 Mbit/s STM1 F1 J0 D1D3 B1+ 2 B PM F1 J0 D1D3 STM1
SP I, RSOH DROP 2
B B1+ 2 PM
Wayside interface
64 kbit/s/V11
STM1 + wayside
local insert
F 1 D1D3 J0 MSAIS
STM1 + wayside
E quip. controller
Data + CK
Fig.124 LIM block diagram, RST operation mode - 2xSTM-1 operation mode - from line side to radio side
to MOD2
to MOD1
207
Alarms Alarms (LOF, RPM, J0) dem1 and (LOF, RPM, J0) 2 alarms, Ber
Hitless switch
Switch control
2 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
RSOH insert 1
RSOH insert 2
F1 D1D3 B1 J0
Equip. controller
F1 D1D3 B1 J0 STM1
STM1
to line
to line
Fig.125 LIM block diagram, RST operation mode - 2xSTM-1 version - from radio side to line side
MODEM B
ODU B
208
Ck from STM1/1 Ck from STM1/2 Ck from STM1/3 Ck from STM1/4 Control LOS 14 LOF 14 Priority control Manual forcing Logic circuit for clock selection Clock selection Synchronism for 2xSTM1 generation
209
210
A D A I&Q modulator
encoder
Digital filter
Cable interface
D Carrier recovery Adaptive equalizer D A IF output VCXO VCO 140 MHz CK recovery A I&Q demod. IF & AGC
Data to LIM
TxA Data H H H
Rx1
IF
Main DEM
+ data H
RIM1 RIM2
Data V
TxB
Rx2 IF
Main DEM
+ data V
MOD
330 MHz
LIM
MOD FSK
48 V battery
211
Peripheral controller
388 kbit/s
DCC
User In
RS232
Main controller
LCT
F SK modem
F SK modem
388 kbit/s
Alarms
ALS APPLICATION SOFTWARE SNMP TCP/UDP IP / OSPF PPP Asynchronous RS 232 LLC ISO 8802.2 MAC ISO 8802.3 ISO 8802.3 (Ethernet LAN) PPP
212
Peripheral controller
F SK modem
F SK modem
LAN
ODU1
ODU2
SNMP
TCP/UDP
IP / OSPF
ISO 8473
ISO 10598 IS
PPP
LLC ISO 8802.2 MAC ISO 8802.3 ISO 8802 .3 (Ethernet LAN)
Asynchronous RS 232
Interface
SCT/ LCT
Main controller
F SK
5 MHz
213
214
RIM up to 2xSTM1 Rem line loop up to 2xSTM1 Line loop L IM BB loop 1xSTM1 or 2xSTM1 MUX MOD QAM 330 MHz
1
ON FAIL 1 2 ON ON
2
ON 3 4 W.S.1
7
+
8
-
W.S.2 R Q3
X -
LCT
RS232
USER IN/OUT
REM
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 -
Led fail (self test controller) Electrical or plug-in line interface (electrical or optical with LED ON) and fail 2xE1 wayside (RJ45) V11 (RJ45) IDU-ODU cable (SMA) connector IF out XPIC (SMA) connector IF in XPIC (SMA) connector -48 Vdc power supply connector, positive to ground Switch button LCT (USB) connector RS232 (SUB-D 9 pin male) connector User In/Out (SUB-D 9 pin male) connector Q3 (RJ45) connector Reset button IDU alarm LEDs (red), ODU (red), REM (red), TEST (yellow) Fig.136 - Front panel of SDH IDU modular
215
216
STM1
SOH Drop
RSOH bytes drop STM1
STM1
from RIM1
output
Ck
Data loss
2 Mbit/s
MS AIS
AL AL Ala rms
LOS/LOF
STM1
SOH Insert
Local restart
SP I In
Ck
G.703 or G.957
MS AIS
Data loss
Fig.137 Line interface block diagram, RST mode - 1xSTM-1 operation (IDU SDH compact)
Main controller
Alarms
STM-1 input n 1
STM-1 input n 2
SP I, RSOH DROP 1
2x2 Mbit/s STM1 F1 J0 D1D3 B1+ 2 B PM F1 J0 D1D3 STM1
SP I, RSOH DROP 2
B1+ 2 B PM
Wayside interface
64 kbit/s/V11
STM1 + wayside
local insert
F 1 D1D3 J0
STM1 + wayside
E quip. controller
Data + CK
Fig.138 Line interface block diagram, RST operation mode - 2xSTM-1 operation mode - from line side to radio side - IDU SDH compact
to modulator
217
2 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
RSOH insert 1
RSOH insert 2
F1 D1D3 B1 J0
Equip. controller
F1 D1D3 B1 J0 STM1
STM1
output n1
output n2
Fig.139 Line interface block diagram, RST operation mode - 2xSTM-1 version - from radio side to line side (IDU SDH compact)
218
330 MHz oscillator D FEC & encoder Digital filter D A A I&Q modulator
Cable interface
a/da ODU
D Carrier recovery Adaptive equalizer D A VCXO VCO 140 MHz CK recovery A I&Q demod. IF & AGC
to line interface
219
MOD
330 MHz
CONTROLLER
MOD FSK
DEM FSK
48 V battery
220
User In
DCC
388 kbit/s
Main controller
RS232
LAN
Alarms
ALS APPLICATION SOFTWARE SNMP TCP/UDP IP / OSPF PPP Asynchronous RS 232 LLC ISO 8802.2 MAC ISO 8802.3 ISO 8802.3 (Ethernet LAN) PPP PPP
Peripheral controller
221
F SK modem
F SK modem
LCT
ODU
SNMP
TCP/UDP
IP / OSPF
ISO 8473
ISO 10598 IS
PPP
LLC ISO 8802.2 MAC ISO 8802.3 ISO 8802 .3 (Ethernet LAN)
Asynchronous RS 232
Interface
222
SCT/ LCT
Main controller
F SK
5 MHz
MOD QAM
330 MHz
to/from ODU
140 MHz
223
8
V11
9
RS232
16
17
USER IN/OUT
10
11
12
13
14 15
18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
STM1-1 output (optical or electrical plug-in) STM1-1 input (optical or electrical plug-in) STM1-2 output (optical or electrical plug-in) STM1-2 input (optical or electrical plug-in) 2xE1 (1, 2) wayside ETH1 (RJ45) connector ETH2 (RJ45) connector V11 (RJ45) connector RS232 (RJ45) connector
10 LCT (USB) connector 11 (SUB-D 9) 2 user in, 1 user out console 12 3,15 A 250V delayed fuse 5 20 mm miniature 13 SUB-D 3W3 power supply connector 14 IDU-ODU cable SMA connector 15 Led Test (yellow) 16 ODU alarm Led (red) 17 IDU alarm Led (red) 18 Led On (green) Fig.147 - Front panel of IDU SDH compact
224
27
ODU AS DESCRIPTION
27.1
GENERAL
The ODU (refer to Fig.148) consists of a two shell aluminium structure, one shell housing all the circuits, the other forming the covering plate. On the ODU there are: the N type connector for cable interfacing IDU and ODU the BNC connector for connection to a multimeter with the purpose to measure the received field strength a ground bolt.
The 1+1 hot standby version (refer to Fig.149) consist of two ODUs mechanically secured to a structure housing the hybrid (for 1+1 hot stand-by configuration) or the circulator (for 1+1 frequency diversity configuration) for the antenna connection.
27.2
TRANSMIT SECTION
Refer to block diagram shown in Fig.150. The 330 MHz QAM modulated carrier from the cable interface (see chapter 27.4 CABLE INTERFACE) is forwarded to a mixer passing through a cable equalizer for cable loss compensation up to 40 dB. The mixer and the following bandpass filter give rise to a second IF Tx carrier the frequency of which depends on the go/return frequency value. The IF Tx frequency is P controlled. Same happens to Rx IF and RF local oscillators. This latter is common to both Tx and Rx sides. The IF carrier is converted to RF and then amplified making use of MMIC circuits. The power at the MMIC output can be manually attenuated via software. The automatic adjustment is performed making use of an ATPC (see paragraph 27.5 ATPC OPERATION for details). The regulated output power is kept constant by a detector diode and a feedback including the AGC. RF Tx signal is injected in Tx section of the duplexer. The Loop RF circuits permit the conversion of the RF Tx signal to Rx frequency of the terminal. In this way it is possible to control the total local radio terminal performance.
27.3
RECEIVE SECTION
The RF signal coming from the Rx bandpass filter of the duplexer is sent to a low noise amplifier that amplify it to low NF. The following downconverter translates the RF frequency to IF Rx frequency.
225
A second down converter converts this signal to 140 MHz IF frequency. The output level of this signal is kept constant to 5 dBm thank to the IF amplifier stages, AGC circuit controlled. Inside the IF Rx chain there are filters that give Rx selectivity. In addition the AGC gives a measure of the receive RF level.
27.4
CABLE INTERFACE
The cable interface permits to interface the cable interconnecting IDU to ODU and viceversa. It receives/transmits the following signals: 330 MHz (from IDU to ODU) 140 MHz (from ODU to IDU) 17.5 MHz (from IDU to ODU) 5.5 MHz (from ODU to IDU) remote power supply.
The 17.5 MHz (IDU -> ODU) and 5.2 MHz (ODU -> IDU) FSK modulated carriers, carry the telemetry channel. This latter consists of two 388 kbit/s streams one from IDU to ODU with the information to manage the ODU (RF power, RF frequency, capacity, etc...) while the other, from ODU to IDU, sends back to IDU measurements and alarms of the ODU. The ODU management is made by a P.
27.5
ATPC OPERATION
The ATPC regulates the RF output power of the local transmitter depending on the value of the RF level that joins the remote terminal. This value has to be preset from the local terminal as threshold high and low. The difference between the two thresholds must be equal or higher than 3 dB. As soon as the received level crosses the preset threshold level low (see Fig.151) due to the increase of the hop attenuation, a microP at the received side of the remote terminal sends back to the local terminal a control to increase the transmitted power. The maximum ATPC range is 40 dB. If the hop attenuation decreases and the threshold high is crossed then the control sent by the microP causes the output power to decrease.
27.6
The following 1+1 configurations are available: 1+1 hot stand-by, realized by 2 ODUs coupled by a mechanical support with one hybrid inside. Hybrid can be balanced or unbalanced. 1+1 frequency diversity, realized by 2 ODUs coupled by a mechanical support with a circulator inside.
The two ODUs are coupled to the antenna side via a balanced or unbalanced hybrid/circulator.
226
27.7
POWER SUPPLY
The battery voltage is dropped from the cable interface and then sent to a DC/DC converter to generate stabilized output voltages used by the ODU circuitry: Each voltage is protected against overcurrent with automatic restart. Protection against overvoltage occurs as soon as the output voltage raises more than 15% respect to the nominal voltage. The restart is automatic.
27.8
FREQUENCY REUSE
The frequency reuse system makes use of an XPIC circuit (Cross Polar Interference Canceller) and allows the coexistence of two radio bearer transmission on the same RF channel. Each radio bearer carries an individual STM1 or 2xSTM1. The system consists of two fully independent transceivers, and a crosspolarized antenna with polarization H connected to one transceiver and polarization V connected to the other transceiver. The initial cochannel interference is featured by the antenna cross polar discrimination factor (example 29 dB). This value may be not sufficient for frequency reuse system making use of modulations of 32QAM. After all, it may be impaired by the propagation condition giving rise to a BER degradation. To get a suitable discrimination value, an adaptive canceller, based on a fully numeric adaptive coefficient filter, must be used. As shown in Fig.152, the received signals at the IF receiver outputs are processed by the demodulator placed on the copolar branch as well as by the canceller annexed to the demodulator processing the signals from the cross polar polarization. This process operates inbase band time domain. An adaptive equalizer minimizes the intersymbolic interference within the copolar demodulator whereas a circuit similar to the equalizer, processes the signal on the cross route. Such a signal, summed with the one available at the equalizer output permits the cancelling of the interference contained in the copolar signal.
227
228
DC +3.5 V
-48 V
N type
Cable interface
BNC
PRx meas.
17.5 MHz
PRx meas
229
Local Thresh High Thresh Low P Transmission Rx of PTx control Tx PTx actuation
PTx max.
IF Rx1 DEM +
H data
Rx2 IF
DEM
V data
230
28
28.1
GENERAL
Refer to Fig.153. The ODU mechanical structure consists of two aluminium shells that contain respectively the active circuits and the branching filter. It is the electrical interface with the radiant system and the coaxial cable connected to the indoor unit (IDU). The IDUODU cable connection is realised by a N type connector. In the 1+1 versions there are two N connectors available. A BNC connector is also available for the measurement of the received field by means of a multimeter. The ODU is available in the 1+0 version or in the 1+1 version. The subdivision of active circuits into the transceiver and passive circuits into the branching has allowed the execution of a mechanical structure that makes easier the maintenance operations. Two knobs and two fast coupling levers permit to remove the faulty transceiver and replace it with spare. One handle makes the transceiver transport easier.
28.2
TRANSMITTER SECTION
Refer to block diagram shown in Fig.154. The modulated signal at 330 MHz intermediate frequency dropped from cable interface (see chapter 28.4 CABLE INTERFACE) is forwarded to a mixer in order to translate it to a new IF frequency by beating with an IF local oscillator. The value of this IF frequency depends on the RF channelling. The frequency conversion from IF to the RF operating band is enabled through an SHP (Sub Harmonic Pumped) mixer. This latter is fed by a VCO (RF LO), common also to the receive section. At the mixer output, it is positioned a filter with metallic insert (Eplane metal insert filter). Such a filter provides the selection of the useful band and the erasing of the spurious signals coming from the mixer. The signal at the filter output is forwarded to a power amplifier the gain of which is controlled by an ATPC circuit (if enabled) or manually controlled. The ATPC range is from 0 to 20 dB, 1 dB step. ATPC function is managed by the main controller present in the IDU and it is particularly useful to reduce the possible interference generation.
231
28.3
RECEIVER SECTION
Refer to block diagram shown in Fig.154. The signal coming from the branching is forwarded to a low noise amplifier. This operation allows to reduce the noise factor of the whole receiver. Then the signal is sent to a variable amplifier with the aim to limit the intermodulation in the following steps. At the output, a preconversion filter with metallic insert (Eplane metal insert filter) is positioned. Such a filter provides eliminating all the signals out of the receiving band. The reception mixer is a SHP (Sub Harmonic Pumped) type one. It allows to convert the received signal from RF band to IF Rx frequency making use of RFLO oscillator. At the mixer output, the signal is sent to a dielectric resonator filter to select the useful band and to eliminate mixer spurious signals. A second down conversion translates the IF Rx signal frequency to 140 MHz. At the mixer output, one filter shapes the passband for STM1 or 2xSTM1 signal. This filter is realised by means of SAW technique to ensure high attenuations out of band. An AGC (Automatic Gain Control) circuit regulates the received signal at an output constant level before to be sent to the cable interface.
28.4
CABLE INTERFACE
The cable interface unit permits to interface the cable interconnecting IDU to ODU and viceversa. It receives/transmits the following signals (see Fig.159): 330 MHz (from IDU to ODU) 140 MHz (from ODU to IDU) 17,5 MHz (from IDU to ODU) 5,5 MHz (from ODU to IDU) remote power supply.
The 17.5 MHz and 5,5 MHz carriers, carry the telemetry channel. This latter consists of two 388 kbit/s streams one from IDU to ODU with the information to manage the ODU (RF power, frequency, capacity etc...) while the other, from ODU to IDU, sends back to IDU measurements and alarms of the ODU. A Mux/Demux and an alarm/management & control P complete the telemetry channel.
28.4.1
Power supply
The cable interface unit manages the remote power supply VTAL for the outdoor unit provided through the interconnecting cable coming from indoor unit. Refer to Fig.154. This voltage is sent to two DC/DC converters, inserted into the power supply unit, to obtain the 12 V and +12 V stabilised voltages. The +12 V is sent to another DC/DC converter to obtain the stabilised voltage +5 V. These three outputs (+12 V, 12 V, +5 V) supply the whole transceiver. Each voltage has overcurrent protection (Overcurrent prot) to disable the relevant converter. The Alarm Detector block generates an alarm (PSU AL) due to undervoltage, if at least one of these voltages drops under the fixed threshold. The unit provides also an interrupt command for the +5 V and +12 V outputs if the output voltage 12 V is missing. This prevents the devices in the power amplifier stage from reaching their saturation current.
232
28.5
BRANCHING UNIT
The branching unit allows coupling the antenna to the transmitting side and to the receiving one. The branching mainly consists of one filter fro the transmission and another filter for the reception, coupled at the antenna port by means of a duplexer. At Tx side an optional attenuator permits to lower the output power by 0/20 dB via software. The attenuator is placed in the transceiver for 38 GHz version only. The branching unit is available in the following versions: 1+0 (see Fig.155) 1+1, hot standby 1 antenna with RF relay (see Fig.156)
This configuration is used up to 26 GHz. 1+1, hot standby 1 antenna with hybrid (see Fig.157)
This configuration is used from 28 GHz up to 38 GHz. 1+1 frequency diversity (see Fig.158).
1+1 hot standby version, comprises an electromechanical RF relay in Tx side for transmitter selection and a splitter in Rx side. Two 0/50 dB attenuators can be used in alternative to the electromechanic selector switch (see Fig.157). In this case the two 0/50 dB attenuators take place in the transceivers. Controls for transmitter selection to be coupled to the antenna are from main controller within the LIM. It processes the switching criteria according to the following priority: Tab.30 - Switching criteria priority Priority Level 1 2 From highest to lowest 3 4 5 6 Definition Power supply alarm Local manual forcing Cable open/Cable short ODU failure/modulator failure ATPC out of order Preferential branch presetting
28.6
ATPC
The automatic transmit power control function (ATPC) is available in the equipment as a standard feature. The range is 20 dB implemented in 1 dB step. ATPC allows to improve the system performance. The most important impacts are: interference reduction; power consumption reduction in nominal propagation condition.
West side
The value of the received Rx power is extracted inside ODU Rx section and then transmitted to RIM making use of a 388 kbit/s frame forwarded through a 5,5 MHz carrier. Such a value is then inserted into the RFCOH frame to be sent to remote terminal.
233
East side
The remote terminal drops from the RFCOH frame the PRx information and then sends it to the ODU through a 388 kbit/s frame forwarded by a 17,5 MHz carrier. The value of the transmitted power is regulated by the ATPC processor circuit.
28.7
RF LOOP (OPTION)
The RF loop is realised inside the transceiver before the branching, routing the transmitted signal to the receiver (see Fig.154). To avoid interference, the far RF transmitter is automatically switchedoff during the RF loop activity. The transmission signal is dropped from the transmitter by means of a coupler. Upon receiving a control from SCT/NMS5UX programs a shift oscillator is switchedon thus generating the Tx/Rx separation frequency signal. This latter is sent to one mixer along with the Tx signal. The beating between the two permits to convert the Tx frequency to Rx and then to convoy the Rx frequency to the Rx side through a coupler. Warning If RF loop is enabled on the remote terminal then the loop must be timedout to avoid a permanent loss of connection with the remote terminal. Timeout presetting is performed by SCT/LCT or NMS5UX programs (for details see relevant documentation). The RF loop must be enabled on one terminal at the time. In case of 1+1, Tx and Rx branches must be forced on the looped branch. RF loop can be checked only at max PTX. If ATPC is active verify output power or disable ATPC and set PTx at maximum values.
28.8
FREQUENCY REUSE
The frequency reuse system makes use of an Xpic circuit (Cross Polar Interference Canceller) and allows the coexistence of two radio bearer transmission on the same RF channel. Each radio bearer carries an individual STM1 or 2xSTM1. The system consists of two fully independent transceivers, and a crosspolarized antenna with polarization H connected to one transceiver and polarization V connected to the other transceiver. The initial cochannel interference is featured by the antenna cross polar discrimination factor (example 29 dB). This value may be not sufficient for frequency reuse system making use of modulations 32QAM. After all, it may be impaired by the propagation condition giving rise to a BER degradation. To get a suitable discrimination value, an adaptive canceller, based on a fully numeric adaptive coefficient filter, must be used. As shown in Fig.161, the received signals at the IF receiver outputs are processed by the demodulator placed on the copolar branch as well as by the canceller annexed to the demodulator processing the signals from the cross polar polarization. This process operates in base band time domain. An adaptive equalizer minimizes the intersymbolic interference within the copolar demodulator whereas a circuit similar to the equalizer, processes the signal on the cross route. Such a signal, summed with the one available at the equalizer output permits the cancelling of the interference contained in the copolar signal.
234
Transceiver
Branching BNC connector for PRx measurement N connector for IDU cable
Transceivers
Branching
Fig.153 - Lower view of the ODU 1+1 and ODU 1+0 units
235
140 MHz
VTAL
236
2xSTM-1
AGC AGC
140 MHz
1xSTM-1 LNA
IF Rx
Overcurr. protec.
PSU AL
Alarm detect.
fromP
fromP
RF from branching
Overcurr. protec.
+5 V RF LO Shifter RF Loop
RF to branching
+12 V
fromP
IF Tx 330 MHz RF
Cable interface
Overcurr. protec.
to/from IDU
5.5 MHz
Alarm
manag.
ATPC
REC DEM
da
Tx
to/from transceiver
Antenna side
Rx
To Rx2
237
0/50 dB Tx1
Branching side
T
Switching command from P
Rx1
Antenna side
50/0 dB Tx2
T
Switching command from P
Rx2
238
0/20 dB optional
T
command
from
0/20 dB optional
T
command
from
48 Vdc
Rx signal
Tx signal
5.5 MHz
17.5 MHz
140 MHz
330 MHz
239
ODU
STM-1
ODU
B R A N C H I N G B R A N C H I N G Rx DEM RFCOH
RFCOH
MOD
Tx
PRx meas.
ATPC Tx
PRx meas.
Rx
RIM
West side
Fig.160 - ATPC functional block diagram
RIM
East side
Rx1
IF DEM + data H
Rx2 IF
DEM
data V
240
Section 5. COMPOSITION
29
IDU COMPOSITION
29.1
GENERAL
IDU SDH consists of the following versions: IDU SDH modular IDU SDH compact
Each module is available in different versions and is composed of various subunits. Warning: Modules mentioned in this document are those that, following a failure, are considered as replaceable parts.
29.2
The IDU consists of LIM/RIM/CONTROLLER modules made-up in different versions. Each module is identified through a label (see Fig.162) placed inside indicating the correspondent P/N. The P/Ns are the following: LIM D12091 capacity 2xSTM-1 electrical interface D12092 capacity 4xSTM-1 electrical interface D12106-02 capacity 2xSTM-1 electrical/optical interface without plug-in D12107-02 capacity 4xSTM-1 electrical/optical interface without plug-in plug-in module with Laser S11 interface plug-in module with electrical STM-1 interface and 1.0/2.3 connector D16027 (with Xpic) D16026 (without Xpic) D12078 option RJ45
241
ALS IDU
ALS-C IDU
29.3
IDU is available in different versions; each of them is identified by a part number code. A label, on the top left side of IDU mechanical structure contains this part number. The available versions are: IDU 1+0 2xSTM-1 electrical interface IDU 1+0 2xSTM-1 optical interface GD0366 GD0367.
242
30
ODU COMPOSITION
30.1
GENERAL
30.2
ODU AS COMPOSITION
The ODU AS consists of mechanical structure formed by two shells. One shell houses the transceiver module, the other houses the branching module. Both the transceiver and the branching are available in different versions depending on the operating band, the antenna configuration, the channel filters etc..... To the purpose on the branching mechanical structure is available a label showing the ODU most significant parameters and the P/N of the whole unit. Fig.163 shows label position whereas Fig.164 shows a typical example of the parameters evidenced by the label.
243
AS ODU
ALS ODU
30.3
IDU is made up of a mechanical structure consisting of two cases. One case houses the transceiver module and the other houses the branching module. Both transceiver and branching are available in different versions depending on the operating band, antenna configuration, channel filters, etc.... On branching mechanical structure a label is provided; it shows the most important ODU parameters and the part number of the whole unit.
244
Transceiver
Transceiver
Branching
245
246
31
31.1
Do not touch the patient with bare hands until the circuit has been opened. Open the circuit by switching off the line switches. If that is not possible protect yourself with dry material and free the patient from the conductor.
31.1.1
Artificial respiration
It is important to start mouth resuscitation at once and to call a doctor immediately. suggested procedure for mouth to mouth resuscitation method is described in the Tab.31.
31.1.2
Treatment of burns
This treatment should be used after the patient has regained consciousness. It can also be employed while artificial respiration is being applied (in this case there should be at least two persons present).
Warning
Do not attempt to remove clothing from burnt sections. Apply dry gauze on the burns. Do not apply ointments or other oily substances.
247
Tab.31 - Artificial breathing Phase Description Lay the patient on his back with his arms parallel to the body. If the patient is laying on an inclined plane, make sure that his stomach is slightly lower than his chest. Open the patients mouth and check that there is no foreign matter in mouth (dentures, chewing gum, etc.). Kneel beside the patient level with his head. Put an hand under the patients head and one under his neck. 2 Lift the patients head and let it recline backwards as far as possible. Figure
Shift the hand from the patients neck to his chin and his mouth, the index along his jawbone, and keep the other fingers closed together. While performing these operations take a good supply of oxygen by taking deep breaths with your mouth open.
With your thumb between the patients chin and mouth keep his lips together and blow into his nasal cavities.
While performing these operations observe if the patients chest rises. If not it is possible that his nose is blocked: in that case open the patients mouth as much as possible by pressing on his chin with your hand, place your lips around his mouth and blow into his oral cavity. Observe if the patients chest heaves. This second method can be used instead of the first even when the patients nose is not obstructed, provided his nose is kept closed by pressing the no strils together using the hand you were holding his head with. The patients head must be kept sloping backwards as much as possible. Start with ten rapid expirations, hence continue at a rate of twelve/fifteen expirations per minute. Go on like this until the patient has regained consciousness, or until a doctor has ascertained his death.
248
31.2
SAFETY RULES
When the equipment units are provided with the plate, shown in Fig.166, it means that they contain components electrostatic charge sensitive.
Fig.166 - Indication of components sensitive to electrostatic charges In order to prevent the units from being damaged while handling, it is advisable to wear an elasticised band (Fig.167) around the wrist ground connected through coiled cord (Fig.168).
The units showing the label, shown in Fig.169, include laser diodes and the emitted power can be dangerous for eyes; avoid exposure in the direction of optical signal emission.
249
31.3
(Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with separate collection systems). This marking shown on the product (see Fig.170) or its literature indicates that it should not be disposed with other household wastes at the end of its working life. To prevent possible harm to the environment or human health from uncontrolled waste disposal, please separate this from other types of wastes and recycle it responsibly to promote the sustainable reuse of material resources. Household users should contact either the retailer where they purchased this product, or their local government office, for details of where and how they can take this item for environmentally safe recycling. Business users should contact their supplier and check the terms and conditions of the purchase contract. This product should not be mixed with other commercial wastes for disposal.
31.4
INTERNAL BATTERY
Inside the equipment, in IDU unit, there is a lithium battery. CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type. Dispose of used batteries according to law.
250
32
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.1 1xSTM-1 and 2xSTM-1 unprotected version............................................................ 20 Fig.2 1xSTM-1 and 2xSTM-1 protected version ............................................................... 21 Fig.3 2xSTM-1, 4xSTM-1 unprotected version with RIM XPIC ............................................ 21 Fig.4 4xSTM1 optical interface protected version and RIM XPIC......................................... 22 Fig.5 1+0, up to 1xSTM-1 equipment block diagram, with ODU AS .................................... 23 Fig.6 1+0, up to 2xSTM-1 equipment block diagram, with ODU AS .................................... 24 Fig.7 1+1, up to 2xSTM-1 equipment block diagram, hot stand-by or frequency diversity versions with ODU AS.......................................................................... 25 Fig.8 1+0, 4xSTM-1 equipment block diagram, with ODU AS ............................................ 26 Fig.9 Interconnections for frequency reuse - 1+0 version ................................................. 28 Fig.10 Interconnections for frequency reuse - 1+1 version ............................................... 28 Fig.11 - Grounding connection ........................................................................................ 30 Fig.12 Typical connector position (IDU ALS) ................................................................... 32 Fig.13 - Connectors position (IDU ALS-C) ......................................................................... 34 Fig.14 - Pin-out Tributary IN/OUT 50 SCSI........................................................................ 35 Fig.15 - Antisliding strip ................................................................................................. 41 Fig.16 - 60114 mm pole supporting plate fixing ............................................................... 42 Fig.17 - Adapting kit for 219 mm pole .............................................................................. 43 Fig.18 - Possible mounting position.................................................................................. 44 Fig.19 - Possible positions of the support with ODU fast locking mechanism .......................... 45 Fig.20 - Installation onto the pole of the supporting plate ................................................... 46 Fig.21 - Circulator for 1+1 frequency diversity systems ...................................................... 47 Fig.22 - Band-it pole fixing ............................................................................................. 48 Fig.23 - ODU reference tooth .......................................................................................... 48 Fig.24 - Final ODU assembly of 1+1 hot stand-by version ................................................... 49 Fig.25 - Final assembly of 1+1 frequency diversity system.................................................. 50 Fig.26 - ODU grounding ................................................................................................. 51 Fig.27 - Wall supporting plate ......................................................................................... 55 Fig.28 - Support with ODU fast locking mechanism ............................................................ 56 Fig.29 - Possible mounting positions ................................................................................ 57 Fig.30 - Installation onto the wall of the supporting plate.................................................... 58 Fig.31 - Circulator of 1+1 frequency diversity system......................................................... 59 Fig.32 - Position of the ODU body: 1+0 system - depending on the polarisation. 1+1 hot stand-by system - polarisation is always vertical (handle always at the left side) 1+1 frequency diversity system - polarisation is always horizontal (handle always at the right side) 60 Fig.33 - ODU body reference tooth .................................................................................. 60
251
Fig.34 - Final assembly of 1+1 hot stand-by version .......................................................... 61 Fig.35 - Final assembly of 1+1 frequency diversity version.................................................. 62 Fig.36 - ODU grounding ................................................................................................. 63 Fig.37 - Centering ring position ....................................................................................... 68 Fig.38 - Antislide strip.................................................................................................... 69 Fig.39 - Support mount on pole....................................................................................... 70 Fig.40 - Supporting system position ................................................................................. 71 Fig.41 - Hole E .............................................................................................................. 71 Fig.42 - Antenna installation on pole support..................................................................... 72 Fig.43 - Position of the ODU handle depending on the polarisation for 1+0. For 1+1 the polarisation is always horizontal. Handle at the right side...................................................................... 72 Fig.44 - Support system for ODU housing and reference tooth in evidence ............................ 73 Fig.45 - ODU body reference tooth .................................................................................. 74 Fig.46 - ODU housing final position for vertical polarization ................................................. 74 Fig.47 - ODU housing final position for horizontal polarization.............................................. 75 Fig.48 - Hybrid and polarization disk ................................................................................ 76 Fig.49 - Circulator and polarization disk............................................................................ 77 Fig.50 - Fixing of the polarization disk (only for 13 GHz and 15 GHz).................................... 78 Fig.51 - Hybrid mount on pole support ............................................................................. 79 Fig.52 - ODU final position for 1+1 version ....................................................................... 80 Fig.53 - Final ODU assembly of 1+1 frequency diversity version .......................................... 80 Fig.54 - Vertical and horizontal adjustments ..................................................................... 81 Fig.55 - Antenna aiming block......................................................................................... 82 Fig.56 - ODU grounding ................................................................................................. 83 Fig.57 - 1+0 pole mounting ............................................................................................ 88 Fig.58 - ODU body reference tooth .................................................................................. 89 Fig.59 - Position of the ODU body: 1+0 system - depending on the polarisation. 1+1 hot stand-by system - polarisation is always horizontal (handle always at the right side) 1+1 frequency diversity system - polarisation is always vertical (handle always at the left side) 89 Fig.60 - 1+0 support ..................................................................................................... 90 Fig.61 - ODU final position.............................................................................................. 91 Fig.62 - Antenna aiming ................................................................................................. 91 Fig.63 - ODU grounding ................................................................................................. 92 Fig.64 - Hybrid and polarization disk ................................................................................ 93 Fig.65 - Circulator and polarisation disk............................................................................ 94 Fig.66 - Fixing of the polarization disk (only for 13 GHz and 15 GHz).................................... 95 Fig.67 - Hybrid/circulator installation ............................................................................... 96 Fig.68 - Installation of 1+1 hot stand-by ODUs.................................................................. 97 Fig.69 - Installation of 1+1 frequency diversity ODUs......................................................... 97 Fig.70 - ODU 1+1 and 1+0 ........................................................................................... 100 Fig.71 - ODU 1+0 and 1+1 ........................................................................................... 101 Fig.72 - Collar mounting ODU 1+0 and 1+1 .................................................................... 102 Fig.73 - Side view (1+1) .............................................................................................. 103
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Fig.74 - Rear view (1+1) .............................................................................................. 103 Fig.75 - Side view (1+0) .............................................................................................. 104 Fig.76 - Rear view (1+0) .............................................................................................. 104 Fig.77 - Details for transceiver mounting on the branching shell ........................................ 105 Fig.78 - Antenna bend ................................................................................................. 105 Fig.79 - ODU installation (top view and front view) .......................................................... 106 Fig.80 - Grounding cord connection ............................................................................... 106 Fig.81 - Wave guide fixing, cable connection ................................................................... 107 Fig.82 - Installation on pole of the outdoor unit (1+0) ...................................................... 108 Fig.83 - Installation on pole of 3 m antenna of two ODU using two polarization.................... 109 Fig.84 - Sunscreen .................................................................................................... 109 Fig.85 - Checking the antenna polarisation ..................................................................... 112 Fig.86 - Rear view of the antenna.................................................................................. 113 Fig.87 - Pole supporting kit........................................................................................... 114 Fig.88 - Supporting bracket mounting on the antenna rear side ......................................... 115 Fig.89 - Supporting bracket mounting ............................................................................ 116 Fig.90 - Antenna fixing to the pole................................................................................. 117 Fig.91 - Alignment adjustment kit mounting ................................................................... 118 Fig.92 - 1+1 branching mounting on supporting bracket ................................................... 119 Fig.93 - 1+0 branching mounting on supporting bracket ................................................... 120 Fig.94 - ODU mounting in 1+1 configuration ................................................................... 121 Fig.95 - ODU mounting in 1+0 configuration ................................................................... 122 Fig.96 - Horizontal alignment adjustment ....................................................................... 123 Fig.97 - Vertical alignment adjustment ........................................................................... 124 Fig.98 - Outdoor unit with covering................................................................................ 125 Fig.99 - Checking the antenna alignment........................................................................ 126 Fig.100 - IDU-ODU cables ............................................................................................ 128 Fig.101 - IDU-ODU cables ............................................................................................ 128 Fig.102 - XPIC SMA to SMA cables ................................................................................. 128 Fig.103 - XPIC SMA to SMA cables ................................................................................. 128 Fig.104 - IDU-ODU cables ............................................................................................ 130 Fig.105 - IDU-ODU cables ............................................................................................ 130 Fig.106 Connection cables ......................................................................................... 131 Fig.107 Connection cables ......................................................................................... 131 Fig.108 - Substitution of ODU in 1+1 frequency diversity system ....................................... 133 Fig.109 Decoupling verify - Step 1 .............................................................................. 139 Fig.110 - LAN1 port configuration on local and on remote equipment ................................. 150 Fig.111 - Internal port configuration on local and on remote equipment.............................. 151 Fig.112 - VLAN table for transmission of two LANs segregated between them ................... 152 Fig.113 Download setup window for equipment controller application download ................ 168 Fig.114 Confirm of the operation ................................................................................ 168 Fig.115 Download progress ........................................................................................ 168 Fig.116 Equipment software version window ................................................................ 169
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Fig.117 Radio switch window...................................................................................... 171 Fig.118 Example of channel arrangements on the same route......................................... 178 Fig.119 - LIM Ethernet block diagram............................................................................ 191
Fig.120 - LIM block diagram, RST mode - 2x2STM-1 version - from radio side to line side ..... 192 Fig.121 - LIM - 4xSTM-1 mode...................................................................................... 192 Fig.122 RIM with XPIC into 1RU IDU ALS ..................................................................... 197 Fig.123 LIM block diagram, RST mode - 1xSTM-1 operation ........................................... 206 Fig.124 LIM block diagram, RST operation mode - 2xSTM-1 operation mode - from line side to radio side .................................................................................................................... 207 Fig.125 LIM block diagram, RST operation mode - 2xSTM-1 version - from radio side to line side 208 Fig.126 LIM - 4xSTM-1 operation mode ....................................................................... 208 Fig.127 Synchronisation block diagram ........................................................................ 209 Fig.128 Modemodulator block diagram ........................................................................ 210 Fig.129 Frequency reuse system arrangement .............................................................. 211 Fig.130 Power supply and cable interface block diagram ................................................ 211 Fig.131 Main and peripheral controller connection ......................................................... 212 Fig.132 Full-IP protocol stack ..................................................................................... 212 Fig.133 OSI+IP protocol stack.................................................................................... 213 Fig.134 IDU telemetry ............................................................................................... 213 Fig.135 IDU loops ..................................................................................................... 214 Fig.136 - Front panel of SDH IDU modular ...................................................................... 215 Fig.137 Line interface block diagram, RST mode - 1xSTM-1 operation (IDU SDH compact) . 216 Fig.138 Line interface block diagram, RST operation mode - 2xSTM-1 operation mode - from line side to radio side - IDU SDH compact ............................................................................. 217 Fig.139 Line interface block diagram, RST operation mode - 2xSTM-1 version - from radio side to line side (IDU SDH compact) ...................................................................................... 218 Fig.140 Modemodulator block diagram ........................................................................ 219 Fig.141 Power supply and cable interface block diagram ................................................ 220 Fig.142 Main and peripheral controller connection ......................................................... 221 Fig.143 Full-IP protocol stack ..................................................................................... 221 Fig.144 OSI+IP protocol stack.................................................................................... 222 Fig.145 IDU telemetry ............................................................................................... 222 Fig.146 IDU loops ..................................................................................................... 223 Fig.147 - Front panel of IDU SDH compact...................................................................... 224 Fig.148 - 1+0 ODU ...................................................................................................... 228 Fig.149 - 1+1 ODU with branching ................................................................................ 228 Fig.150 - ODU block diagram ........................................................................................ 229 Fig.151 - ATPC operation.............................................................................................. 230 Fig.152 - Frequency reuse system ................................................................................. 230 Fig.153 - Lower view of the ODU 1+1 and ODU 1+0 units................................................. 235 Fig.154 - Block diagram of the ODU ............................................................................... 236 Fig.155 - 1+0 branching .............................................................................................. 237 Fig.156 - 1+1 hot standby branching, 1 antenna (RF relay version).................................. 237
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Fig.157 - Branching 1+1 hot standby, 1 antenna (version with hybrid) ............................. 238 Fig.158 - 1+1 branching frequency diversity ................................................................... 239 Fig.159 - Signals present on the IDUODU coaxial cable ................................................... 239 Fig.160 - ATPC functional block diagram......................................................................... 240 Fig.161 - Frequency reuse system ................................................................................. 240 Fig.162 - IDU P/N........................................................................................................ 242 Fig.163 - Label positions - ODU AS ................................................................................ 243 Fig.164 - Equipment most significant data ...................................................................... 244 Fig.165 - Label positions - ODU ALS............................................................................... 245 Fig.166 - Indication of components sensitive to electrostatic charges.................................. 249 Fig.167 - Elasticised band............................................................................................. 249 Fig.168 - Dedicated cord .............................................................................................. 249 Fig.169 - Laser indication ............................................................................................. 249 Fig.170 - WEEE Symbol 2002/96/CE EN50419 .............................................................. 250
255
256
33
LIST OF TABLES
Tab.1 - Cable and connector characteristics .......................................................................29 Tab.2 WS1/WS2 connector pin-out for 2 Mbit/s ...............................................................32 Tab.3 V11 connector pin-out for 64 kbit/s channel - V.11 interface.....................................32 Tab.4 User in/out connector pin-out for external alarm input and alarm transfer to outside....33 Tab.5 RS232 connector pin-out for connection to/from supervision system (modular IDU).....33 Tab.6 RJ45 connector pin-out for 10BaseT Ethernet connection..........................................33 Tab.7 - Pin out of IDU compact RS232 connector................................................................34 Tab.8 - Tributary IN/OUT - 75 Ohm ..................................................................................35 Tab.9 - Tributary IN/OUT - 120 Ohm ................................................................................36 Tab.10 - Torques for tightening screws..............................................................................39 Tab.11 - Torques for tightening screws..............................................................................40 Tab.12 - Torques for tightening screws..............................................................................53 Tab.13 - Torques for tightening screws..............................................................................53 Tab.14 - Torques for tightening screws..............................................................................66 Tab.15 - Torques for tightening screws..............................................................................87 Tab.16 Configuration: XPIC 1+0 .................................................................................. 140 Tab.17 Configuration: XPIC, 1+1, Hot stand-by/Hot stand-by, Space Diversity .................. 141 Tab.18 Configuration: XPIC, 1+1, Frequency Diversity/Frequency Diversity, Space Diversity143 Tab.19 - Manual operations and relevant effects on traffic in 1+0 link (ODU AS/ALS) ............ 153 Tab.20 - Manual operations, relevant effects on traffic in 1+1 Hot stand-by (1 antenna / space diversity) and preventive actions (ODU ALS): problems in Rx/Tx occur if manual operation is performed on the active branch............................................................................................154 Tab.21 - Manual operations, relevant effects on traffic in 1+1 Hot stand-by (1 antenna / space diversity) and preventive actions (ODU AS): problems in Rx/Tx occur if manual operation is performed on the active branch ...................................................................................................... 155 Tab.22 - Manual operations, relevant effects on traffic in 1+1 Hot stand-by (1 antenna/space diversity) and preventive actions: problems in Rx/Tx occur if manual operation is performed on active branch .........................................................................................................................156 Tab.23 System version composition ............................................................................. 166 Tab.24 Cable examples .............................................................................................. 178 Tab.25 - Tx switch........................................................................................................ 178 Tab.26 - Rx switch ....................................................................................................... 179 Tab.27 - Possible optical interfaces ................................................................................. 181 Tab.28 - Switch characteristics....................................................................................... 183 Tab.29 - Service and user interfaces ............................................................................... 200 Tab.30 - Switching criteria priority.................................................................................. 233 Tab.31 - Artificial breathing ........................................................................................... 248
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34
ASSISTANCE SERVICE
The assistance service provided by Siae Microelettronica will be in compliance, if stipulated, to what specified in the Agreement of Software Maintenance. To exploit this service, fill in all its parts the Module for the notification of bad SW operation (RQ.00961) and send it to the following address: SIAE Microelettronica S.p.A via Michelangelo Buonarroti, 21 20093 Cologno Monzese Milano - Italy www.siaemic.it Fax + (39) 02 25391585 e-mail siaemi@siaemic.it
34.1
RQ.00961 MODULE
Each RQ916 module can contain at most one signalling. The information required for the signalling of the bad operation. Warning. The compiling of the parts General Information (Siae only), Trouble notified by, Reserved to Siae Department and Validation manager are at charge of the Siae personnel.
Section Trouble Identification SIAE product name. Identifier or SIAE code of the product whose bad operation has been detected. Version. Version of the sw product whose bad operation has been detected Documentation Type. Identifier of the document where the problem has been detected. Revision. Revision of the document where the problem has been detected. Volume N. Number of the volume of the document where the problem has been detected. Page N. Number of the page, into the volume, where the problem has been detected. Typology. Severity of the detected bad operation: Critical, if it prevents the use of a main functionality of the product; Important, if it prevents the use of a secondary functionality of the product; Disturbing, if occasionally and in difficultly reproducible conditions, it prevents the use of a main functionality of the product; Minor, if very seldom it prevents the use of a secondary functionality without important consequences; Suggestion, if no functionality of the product is damaged but some aspects (e.g.: user interface) can be improved.
Recurrent. Possibility (Yes) or not (No) to cause the bad operation after the same sequence of inputs given to the product. Repeatable. Possibility (Yes) or not (No) to reproduce the detected bad operation. Annexes. Possibility (Yes) or not (No) of annexed to the NM and their possible number.
259
Title. Title of the bad operation. Description. Clear and concise description of the bad operation, comprehensive of the edge conditions and, when possible and applicable, of the reference to the test (identifier and version of the technical documentation, test identifier).
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GENERAL INFORMATION (SIAE ONLY) Object Submitted Software Documentation Hardware Number
TROUBLE NOTIFIED BY Siae Operator Name Customer Report Ref. Company/Dept. Contract N SW/FW failures SIAE product name Documentation Documentation type Volume N. Page N. Typology Recurrent Repeatable Annexes Critical Yes Yes Yes: N Important No No No Disturbing Minor Suggestion ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Revision ______ ___________________________________________________ Version ______ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ Date Date Tel e-mail Address TROUBLE IDENTIFICATION _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________
RESERVED TO SIAE DEPARTMENT Trouble Accepted_Open Rejected Notes Analysis performed by CORRECTIVE ACTION DESCRIPTION Date Expected Closing Date Reasons
Date
Approved by Date
Quality Record Module TROUBLE REPORT Siae Microelettronica all rights reserved.
Issued by Terzo L.
Date 24/09/02