Muntashir Islam Support Engineer Nextivity BD muntashir.ewu@gmail.

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What is MAN ? A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of LANs using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to WAN and the internet Ethernet Based Connection in Most Areas MAN links between local area networks have been built without cables using either microwave, Radio, or infra-red laser links. Most companies rent or lease circuits from common carriers because laying long stretches of cable can be expensive. It is specified in the IEEE 802.6 standard. networks can be up to 20 miles (30 km) long and operate at speeds of 34 to 155 Mbit/s.

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates, with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations. It is a part of a fourth generation, or 4G, of wireless-communication technology. WiMax far surpasses the 30-metre wireless range of a conventional Wi-Fi, local area network (LAN), offering a metropolitan area network with a signal radius of about 50 km. The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL"

WiMAX refers to interoperable implementations of the IEEE 802.16 family of wireless-networks standards ratified by the WiMAX Forum. WiMAX Forum certification allows vendors to sell fixed or mobile products as WiMAX certified, thus ensuring a level of interoperability with other certified products, as long as they fit the same profile.

The original IEEE 802.16 standard (now called "Fixed WiMAX") was published in 2001. WiMAX adopted some of its technology from WiBro, a service marketed in Korea
WiMAX is sometimes referred to as "Wi-Fi on steroids and can be used for a number of applications including broadband connections, cellular backhaul, hotspots, etc. It is similar to Wi-Fi but it can also permit usage at much greater distances.

WiBro is an early large-scale deployment of 802.16 in South Korea (Dec 2005) Demonstrates 802.16 performance as compared to 3G/4G cellular alternatives 3 operators have been licensed by the government (each spending ~$1B)

The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for the following potential applications: Providing portable mobile broadband connectivity across cities and countries through a variety of devices. Providing a wireless alternative to cable and digital subscriber line (DSL) for "last mile" broadband access. Providing data, telecommunications (VoIP) and IPTV services (triple play). Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan.

WiMAX can provide at-home or mobile Internet access across whole cities or countries. In many cases this has resulted in competition in markets which typically only had access through an existing incumbent DSL (or similar) operator. Additionally, given the relatively low costs associated with the deployment of a WiMAX network (in comparison with 3G, HSDPA, xDSL, HFC or FTTx), it is now economically viable to provide last-mile broadband Internet access in remote locations.

Mobile WiMAX was a replacement candidate for cellular phone technologies such as GSM and CDMA, or can be used as an overlay to increase capacity. Fixed WiMAX is also considered as a wireless backhaul technology for 2G, 3G, and 4G networks in both developed and developing nations

Another area where WiMAX connectivity is for WiFi hot spots connectivity. As of now, there have been several WiFi hotspots and a WiMAX backhaul provides full wireless solution to these wireless networks.

The main distinction between WiFi and WiMAX is speed and coverage distances. WiFi has a typical bandwidth of 2MBps whereas WiMAX can have a bandwidth of up to 75MBps. The coverage distances also differ to a great extent. A WiFI hotspot typically covers a few hundred feet radius (fraction of a kilometer) whereas a WiMAX can practically cover up to a distance of 10(6 mails) practically or 50 kilometers theoretically .One probable application of MAN is to link several WiFi networks together with WBA (Wireless Broadband Access) using WiMAX technology.

Typically, a WiMAX system consists of two parts:

A WiMAX Base Station: Base station consists of indoor electronics and a WiMAX tower. Typically, a base station can cover up to 10 km radius (Theoretically, a base station can cover up to 50 kilo meter radius or 30 miles, however practical considerations limit it to about 10 km or 6 miles). Any wireless node within the coverage area would be able to access the Internet.
A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a stand-alone box or a PCMCIA card that sits in your laptop or computer. Access to WiMAX base station is similar to accessing a Wireless Access Point in a WiFi network, but the coverage is more.

Several base stations can be connected with one another by use of high-speed backhaul microwave links. This would allow for roaming by a WiMAX subscriber from one base station to another base station area, similar to roaming enabled by Cellular phone companies. Important Wireless MAN IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Specifications

Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from base station Speed - Up to 70 megabits per second Non-Line-of-sight (NLoS) between user and base station Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and unlicensed bands) Defines both the MAC and PHY layers and allows multiple PHY-layer specifications.

What Is WiMax?

As with other technologies IEEE define only the data link and Physical layer. So to provide the End user service commercially we need and end to end architecture and other function like billing and authentication. Who will Provide these service?

In addition to promotional activities WiMax Forum also provide network architecture and And technical specifications to complete the network picture. Its act like a certification and Verification body for vendor equipment

To summarize 802.16 define the radio interface for BWA and the WiMax forum define the End to end network management

There is no uniform global licensed spectrum for WiMAX, however the WiMAX Forum has published three licensed spectrum profiles: 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz, in an effort to drive standardization and decrease cost.

Analog TV bands (700 MHz) may become available for WiMAX usage, but await the complete roll out of digital TV, and there will be other uses suggested for that spectrum

OFDMA typically needs a frequency reuse of 1 to 3; this means that the available spectrum must be split into a 3 cell formation. To overcome this limitation, OFDMA systems can maintain a frequency reuse of near 1 if there are location sensitive transmissions near the edge of the cell that use a subset of the carriers, and/or if using Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS), although AAS may be too Expensive.

10-66 GHz Very weak multipath components (LOS is required) Rain attenuation is a major issue Single-carrier PHY 2-11 GHz Multipath NLOS Single and multi-carrier PHYs

OFDM

CDMA TDMA FDMA

Mobile wireless network use several multiple access techniques to allow multiple user To simultaneously access the radio resources.

Lets looks these technologies in a short view

What is Spectrum Efficiency?

Amount of information transmitted in a given period of time over a given bandwidth of Spectrum

What kind of technologies use for that? Multiplexing, Modulation, spatial reuse of the frequency

20 Megabit/Sec Supported on 10 MHz Spectrum Result in 2 bit/sec/Hz

OFDM been there from 1960

Popularity : High data rate wireless technology multimedia applications

Enabler: low digital processing cost

Advantages: Efficient use of bandwidth resistance to multipath interference

What is orthogonally ?