Structured Checklist Approach should be used to identify hazards during the entire life of the facility.

To achieve this aim, the facility Life has been divided to Pre-operational phase, Operational phase, Post Operational Phase The preoperational phase consists of Drilling of new wells and well completion Construction and Tie in of Flow lines and Pipelines Hook up and commissioning of well heads and Flow lines

Operational phase consist of Normal well production operations Well maintenance activities Simultaneous operations

Post Operational Phase Involves Pipeline decommissioning Well Kill operations/ well decommissioning

The following will be considered The impact of the natural environment on plant operations The Impact of the Plant/activity on the Human environment Effects of manmade hazards on the plant Effects of infrastructure supporting the facility where applicable Process Hazards where applicable Utility system Hazards Health hazards Other hazards within the facility

No 1

Node Well heads

Unit Location Subject Infill wells

Hazard Category Impact of natural environment

Guide Word Lightening during drilling

Causes Thunder storms

Potential Consequences Possible Damage to electronic drilling equipment Possible well kick Possible Blowout Explosion/Fires Injuries/ fatalities

Safe Guards

Recommendations Ensure drilling contractor demonstrates adequate preparation for this hazard by checking that the following items are met at minimum By use of full-size ground conductor to earth rig equipment The use of bare copper conductor or braided wire, sized not less than 2/0 AWG, connected between all electric motors to the building or skid. All buildings or skids should be interconnected with the same size conductor An earth rod will be driven as close as possible to low wet areas to achieve desired grounding. Rods should be at least eight feet (2.4 meters) long and 3/4 (1.9 cm) in diameter. Outer surface of rods should be either galvanized or copper coated. If rock is encountered, the rod should be driven at an angle not to exceed 45 degrees from vertical or should be buried in a trench that is at least 30 inches (76.2 cm) deep. Fill trench with a 3/32 (2mm) layer of salt. Backfill with native earth. Earth substructure to conductor in order to achieve desired

Priority 1

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes

Potential Consequences

Safe Guards

Recommendations grounding. Bond all skids and auxiliary equipment together to form a loop type system, wherever possible, so that the continuity of the grounding circuit will be maintained even if one conductor is severed. Grounding connections on skids should be rust-proof (stainless steel bolts are recommended). Hazardous area classification should be in place for the well sites during drilling operations Electrical equipment should be rated for use within defined hazardous zones TPENG should put in place (PTW) systems for operations likely to increase the probability of ignition, if not in existence Verify if Company consideration has been given to emergency emissions from existing nearby facilities Hazardous area classification should be in place for the well sites during drilling operations Electrical equipment should be rated for use within defined hazardous zones TPENG should put in place (PTW) systems for operations likely to increase the probability of ignition, if not in existence

Priority

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Impact of natural environment

Continuous/ Frequent Plant discharges to air from nearby facilities during drilling

Discharge from Flow station Cold vents Toxic Combustion Products from adjacent flow station Flare

Flammable gas around drilling Vicinity Flash Fire/ JET Fire Explosion

Company consideration has been given to emissions from existing nearby facilities

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Impact of natural environment

Emergency/ Upset Plant discharges to air from nearby facilities during drilling

Discharge from Flow station Cold vents Toxic Combustion Products from adjacent flow station Flare

Flammable gas around drilling Vicinity Flash Fire/ JET Fire Explosion

No 4

Node Well heads

Unit Location Subject Infill wells

Hazard Category Impact of drilling on natural environment

Guide Word Noise emanating from well site during drilling operations

Causes Heavy Duty and Vibrating equipment

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Impact of Drilling on the Natural Environment

Vibrations from drilling operations

Drilling equipment Vibrations Torsional Vibrations Well conditions Poor Adherence to drilling plans

Potential Consequences Hearing impairment to drillers due to excessive noise levels Brain stress leading to concentration loss Occupational hazards Speech Interference Community annoyance (subject to confirmation of community closeness) Drilling equipment failure

Safe Guards Facility has been located far from inhabited areas

Geophysical studies have been done to ensure that a durable drilling plan would be prepared

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Impact of Drilling on the Natural Environment

Environmental pollution during drilling operations

Hydrocarbon Effluent discharge to environment Solid and hazardous waste discharge to environment

Pool fire Environmental concerns Potential liability concerns Company Image concerns

Recommendations Priority Establish baseline noise tolerability criteria if not in place Carry out a noise assessment study for the drilling operation Ensure drilling contractor presents a valid noise control plan for the facility Ensure appropriate PPE are worn during noise drilling operations Ensure Drilling contractor prepares a well drilling plan Select appropriate contractor for drilling task Consider putting systems in place to ensure compliance with drilling plan The drilling location and the associated roads should be planned so that they are constructed such that storm water runoff is diverted away from the location and that the location's storm water runoff Appropriate waste minimization techniques should be incorporated into drilling mud system design in drilling plan Reserve Pit design should ensure pit is V-shaped so that muds wont channel away from the suction Equipment modifications Process or procedural modifications Inventory control Good housekeeping

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes

Potential Consequences

Safe Guards

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Impact of manmade hazards on the facility during drilling operation

Security Breach on drill site during drilling operations

Internal sabotage Inadequate security plan Inefficient resources to implement security plans (poor lightening, communication gadgets, e.t.c)

Injuries/ fatality Drilling equipment theft Vanadalization of existing equipment

Injuries/ fatality Drilling equipment theft Vanadalization of existing equipment

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Effects of infrastructure supporting the facility

Support supply failure to facility during drilling operations (shortage of drill muds, shortage of vital drilling chemicals,

Poor road condition Contractor oversight Project Monitoring oversight

Accident Project delay resulting in financial loss Injury Fatality Chemical Exposure (occurs if there is a loss of containment)

None as at the moment (subject to TPENG verification)

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Release of Flammable /toxic Inventory during drilling

Emissions from power generation equipment/ combustion engines Well testing operations Mud degassing In efficient rig

Asphyxiation (carbon monoxide poisoning) Explosion

Hazardous area classification of the drilling site has been carried out

Recommendations Priority and preventive maintenance Contractor selection Drilling Contractor should consider the options of recycling Update security plan to continually cater for present security realities during the entire facility life Employee security background check should be in place for staff and drilling contractors of not in place Emergency Response plan should be in place (check if applicable) Ensure lightening is in place at all times during drilling operations Adequate escape and evacuation plans should be in place Good selection process for drilling contractor A Detailed drilling plan , completion and testing plan should be in place Prepare Journey management plan and subject it to several layers of verification Prioritize local procurement of materials If combustion engines are in place, ensure flue gas orientation is oriented towards a safe area. A plume dispersion studies should be conducted to verify this

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes commissioning and decommissioning opeartion

Potential Consequences

Safe Guards

Recommendations Ignition sources should be verified by ensuring only equipment rated for the given haxardous zones are permitted into the drilling site Good drilling plan Good completion plan Good testing plan Good drilling plans should be put in place by drilling contractor Drilling operations should be monitored to ensure that drilling plans are followed Ensure lifting equipment is certified fit for use Ensure Crane operator is certified Ensure measures are taken to keep workers and vulnerable equipment off lifting radius Drilling Plan Develop emergency response plan Ensure speed limits are enforced Consider a vehicle tracking system to help enforce speed limits Consider discouraging private transportation for drilling site workers. Provide public transportation systems for every drilling worker to minimize the frequency of Vehicular activity Ignition suppression measures should also be in place. Adequate escape and

Priority

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Blow out

Failure of blow out preventers Well bore ruptures Gas Migration from reservoir

Injury Fatalities Explosion/ Fire

10

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Lifting operation hazards during drilling

Dropped objects and swing loads

Damage to Drilling equipment Fatality or Risk Mud discharge Pollution

11 Well heads Subject facilities Onsite traffic hazards during Drilling operations Vehicular damage to existing flow lines and manifold Increase risk of accidents within the facility due to the increased movement frequencies Driver fatigue Non adherence to speed limits Loss of containment Fire Explosion Damage to existing well heads Financial loss Injury Fatality Access roads to the drilling site have been marked There is a fence barrier within the well enclosure Fire and Gas detection system is installed on existing well heads Shutdown procedures in place to control hazards

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes

Potential Consequences

Safe Guards

Wellheads

Entire facility

Construction/ hook up activity disruption due to bad weather conditions (Rain) Lightening during Tie in and modification works to well head Release of flammable inventory during hook up and commissioning

Wet season

Slips, Trips and falls LTI Project delay Revenue loss Electrical shock Injury Fatality

Recommendations evacuation plans should be in place Look into the possibility of ensuring tie in and modification activities are carried out during dry season Flow lines, Piping and pipe supports should be earthed according to the prevailing standards Verify that existing flow line(s) from producing well(s) have/has been designed for relevant sizing cases. Selection of hook up of contractor As part of permit to work system, consider ensuring that the Pre Job JSAs and hazard identification techniques are carried out before commencement of operations To suppress the chances of ignition, welding operation should only be done after PTW systems must have taken effect Consider ensuring hook up contractor carries out a preconstruction risk assessment and make a good construction plan . This ensures that utility requirement are outlined and provided for before commencement of tie In and hook up operations.

Priority

12

Well heads

Entire facility

Thunderstorms

13

Entire facility

Dropped object on existing flow line during hook up Rupture/ leak of existing flow station due to vehicular impact during loading and unloading operations Lack of communication, Poor lifting operations Overpressure during pressure testing of pipelines Leak during pressure testing of pipelines

Leak Fire Explosion Loss of revenue Flow line rupture

Fire and gas detectors have been installed on existing flow line configuration Existing flow wells have flow and pressure monitoring in place. This helps isolate the ruptured or leaking section and minimizes inventory loss

14

Entire Facility

Loss of vital utility systems (power, air, fuel gas/oil)

Power failure Loss of supply of fuel gas oil Loss of containment of fuel gas oil

Disruption in hook up and tie in operations Equipment or machinery failure Project delays Loss of revenue

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word Security Breach on construction site during hook up and Tie in operations

Causes Internal sabotage Inadequate security plan Inefficient resources to implement security plans (poor lightening, communication gadgets, e.t.c)

Potential Consequences Injuries/ fatality construction equipment theft Vanadalization of existing equipment

Safe Guards

Recommendations Update security plan to continually cater for present security realities during the entire facility life Employee security background check should be in place for staff and drilling contractors of not in place Emergency Response plan should be in place (check if applicable) Ensure lightening is in place at all times during construction operations Adequate escape and evacuation plans should be in place

Priority

Socio Political Unrest during hook up and tie in of flow lines

Riots Civil disturbances Political Unrest

Delay in construction operation due to industrial strike action Project delay Revenue loss Increased security around facility Subject take over by new regime

It is assumed that adequate consideration has been given to the political situation around the country and it has been deemed fit to conduct the product for its entire life. However in the event of such occurrences , a viable exit strategy is in place

Ensure security plan on site during the entire life of the facility caters for incidents like this

Release of hazardous solid/gaseous materials to the environment during line flushing and purging respectively to the environment Continuous emissions from nearby producing well head facilities

Inadequate waste management plan Leak around the flow line /piping segment

Environmental pollution Asphyxiation if Nitrogen is used for purging Injury Fatality

Ensure company guidelines for pipeline and flow line precommissioning tests are adhered due during these operations Construction contractor / responsible party should prepare a pipeline/Flow line purging and pressure testing philosophy

Well head blow out Well head leak Flow line rupture/ damage due to

Gas leak Ignition Fire Explosion Liquid pool

Design provisions for Fire and Gas detection systems on the subject site are in place

Minimize sources of ignition and ensure that only approved hot work is done in the vicinity of the existing flow lines

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes dropped objects Flow line damage due to drilling activity

Potential Consequences

Safe Guards

Recommendations Ensure electrical equipment within the construction site are rated for the hazardous zones Verify that existing flow line and pipelines on the subject are clearly marked Consider ensuring contractor develops a construction risk management plan.

Priority

Noise resulting from flow lines and Tie-in operations

Heavy noise generating equipment

Hearing impairment to drillers due to excessive noise levels Brain stress leading to concentration loss Speech Interference Community annoyance (subject to confirmation of community closeness)

Facility has been located far from inhabited areas

Establish baseline noise tolerability criteria if not in place Carry out a noise assessment study for the construction operation Ensure drilling contractor presents a valid noise control plan for the facility Ensure appropriate PPE are worn during noisy construction operation

Increased Vibration around facility due to construction operation

Heavy equipment vibration

Vibration stress induced in existing flow lines and well head facilities Pipeline/Flow line failure Loss of containment Explosion Fire

Construction contractor should estimate the expected magnitude of vibration , its impact on existing facilities on subject and appropriate risk management decision should be noted. This is part of the wider document called construction risk management plant Company and construction contractor should agree on a proposed construction site layout as specified in the construction risk assessments and construction Risk management plan that has been recommended earlier

slips, trips and falls during Construction

Poor construction site layout Cluttered construction site

Injury LTI Fatality

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes

Potential Consequences

Safe Guards

Recommendations Company should ensure compliance with appropriate construction site safety regulations with respect to contractor

Priority

Lightening during normal facility operation

Thunder storms Inadequate earthening systems

Continuous /frequent discharges to air from nearby flow station during normal facility operations

Gas dispersion from adjacent flow station cold vents and flares Toxic Combustion products from adjacent flow station flare

Damage to well head control panels Damage to electrical functions (lightening and other electrical dependent facilities) around the facility Explosion Injury/Fatality Asphyxiation

All forms of electrical equipment have been designed to be appropriately earthed

Sensitive fire and gas detection system has been provided for all zones of the facility in the design Hazardous area classification has been done and a schedule of electrical equipment to be used within the zone has been generated Plans are currently on the way to stop/minimize flaring at adjacent flow station facilities in the long run Consideration has been given to the dispersion of flammable gas from the flow station to subject infill wellheads and associated flow lines within the subject facility , it is seen that emmisions from OFS does not in anyway constitute a risk to the

TPENG should put in place (PTW) systems for operations likely to increase the probability of ignition, if not in existence

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word Emergency/upset discharges from nearby flowstation during normal facility operations

Causes Gas dispersion from adjacent flow station cold vents and flares during emergency operations Toxic Combustion products from adjacent flow station flare during emergency operations

Potential Consequences Explosion Injury/Fatality Asphyxiation

Noise emanating from well site during normal operations

Erosion of flow lines

Hearing impairment to drillers due to excessive noise levels Brain stress leading to concentration loss Occupational hazards Speech Interference Community annoyance (subject to confirmation of community closeness) Pipe/flow line failure Loss of containment Fire Explosion spill

Safe Guards subject facilities Sensitive fire and gas detection system has been provided for all zones of the facility Hazardous area classification has been done and a schedule of electrical equipment to be used within the zone has been generated Plans are currently on the way to stop/minimize flaring at adjacent flow station facilities Facility has been located far from inhabited areas Erosion has been reduced to the bearets minimum during line sizing

Recommendations TPENG should put in place (PTW) systems for operations likely to increase the probability of ignition, if not in existence Verification to be made as to whether flare studies where made for emergency flaring conditions

Priority

Establish baseline noise tolerability criteria if not in place Carry out a noise assessment study for the normal operation Ensure there is a valid noise control plan for the facility Piping team should ensure that there are few sudden break and turns in pipe routing. Ensure that only electrical equipment certified for use in hazardous zones are in place

Vibrations from normal operations

Vibrations resulting from fluid flow

The effects of vibration were duly factored in the piping design Appropriate Fire and gas detection systems are in place to ensure successful detection and mitigation should a piping failure occour Hazardous area

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes

Potential Consequences

Well heads/ flowlines and manifolds

Subject Infill wells

Impact of normal plant operations on the well heads on the Natural Environment

Environmental pollution during normal operations

Loss of containment Leak of piplines/ flowlines and well heads Pipline rupture on flowlines and pipelines Valve failure on well head

Pool fire Flash/ jet fire explosion spill Potential liability concerns Company Image concerns

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Impact of manmade hazards on the facility during drilling operation

Security Breach on Subject facility during normal operations

Internal sabotage Inadequate security plan Inefficient resources to implement security plans (poor lightening, communication gadgets, e.t.c)

Injuries/ fatality Vanadalization of existing equipment Theft of mobile equipments Revenue loss

Safe Guards classification has also been done to classify hazardous zones appropriately Active fire and gas detection systems have been provided in the design of the facility Active fire fighting systems have been provided to in the facility design Appropriate shutdown levels are in place to minimize inventory loss as soon as it is detected Flow monitoring and pressure sensing devices have also been factored into the design to rapidly detect leaks. Perimeter fencing is in place to countger security threats There is an existing provision for routine patrol on the installation

Recommendations

Priority

Ensure routine inspection and maintenance of well heads, flow lines and pipelines Ensure the reliability of the fire and gas system meets the required specifications Ensure reliable vendors for fire and gas detection systems are patronized. This is to ensure that fire and gas detection system dont give spurious alarms or do not reamin ineffective.

Update security plan to continually cater for present security realities during the entire facility life Employee security background check should be in place for staff and maintenance personnel if not in place Emergency Response plan should be in place (check if applicable) Ensure lightening is in place at all times during drilling operations Adequate escape and evacuation plans

No 7

Node Well heads

Unit Location Subject Infill wells

Hazard Category Effects of infrastructure supporting the facility

Guide Word logistics failure during mobilization of critical supplies (lubricant fluids, hydraulic fuids) to site during normal operations

Causes Poor road condition Port Clearing issues for items to be imported Inadequate transportation media Wrong Journey management plan

Potential Consequences Accident Fraud Project delay resulting in financial loss Injury Fatality Chemical Exposure (occurs if there is a loss of containment while transporting them to well area for use)

Safe Guards Good Project Management

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Release of Flammable /toxic Inventory during normal operations

Erosion Corrosion Weld failure Pipeline/ flowline rupture Well blow outs

Loss of containment Explosion Pool/ jet fire Leak Spill Revenue loss Company environmental compliance concerns

Adequate line sizing to ensure that pipelines/ flow lines are not subject to overpressure Provision of sand analyzer to detect presence of sand particles Line sizing has factored in a corrosion allowance Provision for corrosion inhibition systems have been factored into the design Provision of methanol injection into wells during gas producing to phase to prevent hydrate formation along the pipeline. This could help prevent pipeline clogging and hence overpressures upstream the flow

Recommendations should be in place Good selection process for supply contractor Consider smoothening access roads to facility Consider selecting contract minimal transportation requirements Prepare Journey management plan and subject it to several layers of verification Prioritize local procurement of materials Piping team should ensure Adequate pipeline routing and flow sizing to prevent erosion Ensure quality assurance of all facility items installed is carried out before use Routine inspection and maintenance Ensure specified corrosion inhibition and methanol injection dosage rates are strictly adhered to. Should well conditions or any other process condition change, appropriate dosage rates should be specified Ensuring a corrosion monitoring system on subject well head facility is in place Ensure instrumentation meets the minimum required SIL ratings and any other

Priority

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes

Potential Consequences

Safe Guards line/ pipeline Hazardous area classification has been doen to highlight hazardous zones within the subject scope

Recommendations relevant standard Minimize ignition sources by putting PTW systems in place (if not in existence) to carry out ignition sensitive tasks Ensure that only electrical equipment certified for use within hazardous zones have been approved for use Ensure a spill contingency plan is in place Ensure emergency response plans are in place s

Priority

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Blow out during normal operations

Failure of subsurface valves and surface valves Well bore ruptures Gas Migration from reservoir Process blockage (clogging due to hydrate formation) Sizing case (blocked outlet , fire case e.t.c)

Injury Fatalities Explosion/ Fire

10

Well heads

Subject Infill wells

Line rupture due to overpressures

Loss of containment Jet fire Flash fire Pool fire Spill Loss of revenue Company image concerns

Most lines have been designed for the maximum pressure Flow lines downstream of well heads have been installed with HIPPS system There is provision for real time flow and pressure monitoring on well heads and flow lines There is provision for methanol injection to prevent hydrate formation Sizing cases have been considered and blow down

Routine inspection and maintenance Ensure reliability of instrumentation Itemize all safety critical elements and list out performance standards Carry out measures to ensure that these performance standards are met Put adequate emergency response plans in place Operating procedures

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes

Potential Consequences

Line rupture due to over/ under temperature during normal operations

Hydrate formation Thermal expansion due to radiation from adjacent falre

Metal embrittlement due to low temperature Loss of containment Jet fire Flash fire Pool fire Spill Loss of revenue Company image concerns

Safe Guards and depressurization philosophy have been designed to meet requirements Fire and gas detection systems hare in place to contain the hazard Active fire protection systems are also in place to combat fires Most lines have been designed for the maximum pressure Flow lines downstream of well heads have been installed with HIPPS system There is provision for real time flow and pressure monitoring on well heads and flow lines There is provision for methanol injection to prevent hydrate formation Provision has been made for temperature monitoring on well head installation Facility has been located to ensure that flaring doesnt impact on it. However there is a plan to phase out the existing flare in the adjacent flow station faciities Fire and gas

Recommendations

Priority

Routine inspection and maintenance Ensure reliability of instrumentation Itemize all safety critical elements and list out performance standards Carry out measures to ensure that these performance standards are met Put adequate emergency response plans in place Operating procedures

No

Node

Unit Location

Hazard Category

Guide Word

Causes

Potential Consequences

11

Well heads

Subject facilities

Onsite traffic hazards during normal operations

Vehicular damage to existing flow lines and manifold Increase risk of accidents within the facility due to the increased movement frequencies Driver fatigue Non adherence to speed limits

Loss of containment Fire Explosion Damage to existing well heads Financial loss Injury Fatality

Safe Guards detection systems hare in place to contain the hazard Active fire protection systems are also in place to combat fires Access roads to the drilling site have been marked There is a fence barrier within the well enclosure Fire and Gas detection system is installed on existing well heads Shutdown procedures in place to control hazards

Recommendations

Priority

Loss of vital utility systems (power, air, fuel gas/oil)

Power failure Instrument Tubing failure Loss of supply of fuel gas oil Loss of containment of fuel gas oil Loss of plant air

Disruption in normal operations Instrument failure Project delays Loss of revenue

All instrumentation systems are designed to be fail safe

Ensure speed limits are enforced Consider a vehicle tracking system to help enforce speed limits Consider discouraging private transportation for drilling site workers. Provide public transportation systems for every drilling worker to minimize the frequency of Vehicular activity Ignition suppression measures should also be in place. Adequate escape and evacuation plans should be in place Ensure redundancy of critical instrument functions