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MomentofaForce aboutaPoint
Moment of a force is the measure of the tendency of a force F to make the rigid body rotate about a fixed axis perpendicular to the plane of the force F.
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MomentofaForce aboutaPoint
Mo

F
o d A

pt. O fixed point/axis on the plane of the force and pt. r - position vector of F actingatpt.Arelativetothefixed pt.O pt. A pt. of application of force F
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r r r M O = r xF

MomentofaForce aboutaPoint
(vector)
o d A Mo

MomentofaForce aboutaPoint
Two forces F and F are equivalent if, and only if, they are equal (i.e. have the same magnitude and same direction) and have equal moments about a given point O.
o r' B r A

F r

MO = rF sin F i
MO = Fd
(scalarormagnitue)

F
'

where d represents the perpendicular distance from O to the line of action of F.

F=F
3 4

Mo =Mo

Varignons Theorem
Themomentaboutagiven pointO oftheresultantof severalconcurrentforcesis equaltothesumofthe momentsofthevarious t f th i momentsaboutthesame pointO.

Varignons Theorem
Varignons Theoremmakesitpossibletoreplace thedirectdeterminationofthemomentofa forceF bythemomentsoftwoormore componentforcesofF.
O

r F1

r r
A

r F2

r F3

r r
A

r R

r r r r r r r r (F1 + F2 + L) = r F1 + r F2 + L
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r r r r r r r x R = r x F1 + F2 + F3 + ...

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RectangularComponents oftheMomentofaForce
ThemomentofF aboutO, r r r r r r r MO = r F, r = xi + yj + zk r r r r F = Fxi + Fy j + Fzk

RectangularComponents oftheMomentofaForce
r r r r M O = M xi + M y j + M z k r i = x Fx r j y Fy r k z Fz

r r r = yFz zFy i + ( zFx xFz ) j + xFy yFx k

RectangularComponents oftheMomentofaForce
ThemomentofF aboutB, r r r M B = rA / B F
r r r rA / B = rA rB r r r = (x A xB )i + ( y A yB ) j + (z A z B ) k r r r r F = Fx i + Fy j + Fz k

RectangularComponents oftheMomentofaForce
r i r M B = (x A xB ) Fx r j Fy r k Fz

( y A y B ) (z A z B )

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RectangularComponents oftheMomentofaForce
Fortwodimensional structures,

RectangularComponents oftheMomentofaForce
r r M O = ( x A x B )Fy ( y A y B )Fz k MO = MZ = ( x A x B )Fy ( y A y B )Fz

r r M O = (xFy yFz )k MO = M Z = xFy yFz

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ExampleA
Example: The line of action of the 90N force F passes through points B and C.
a) What is the moment of F about point A? b) What is the perpendicular distance from point A to the line of action of F?
z A(5,0,6)m C(0,7,7)m

Solution
a) To evaluate the crossproduct, we need the components of F. The vector from B to C is (04)i + (711)j + (70)k = 4i 4j + 7k. Dividing this vector by its magnitude, we obtain a unit vector eBC has the same direction as F.

rC / B F rA / B
y =90N

e BC =
l BC
B(4,11,0)m

4 4 7 i j+ k 9 9 9

F = 90e BC = 40 N i 40 N j + 70 N k
.

x
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Solution
Choosethevectorr,letsayThepositionvectorfromAtoB

Solution
b)Theperpendiculardistanceis

rB / A = (4 5)i + (11 0) j + (0 6)k

rB / A = i + 11 j 6k (m )
EvaluatingrB/A xF (momentofF aboutA)

M F

(530)2 + (310)2 + (480)2 ( 40)2 + ( 40)2 +(70)2

= 8.66m

= r B / A xF = 1

11 6 1 11 40 40 70 40 40
.

= 770i + 240 j + 40k + 440k 240i + 70 j

= 530 i + 310 j + 480 k (Nm )

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ExampleB
ThecablesAB andAC extendfroman attachmentpointA onthe floortoattachmentpoints B andC inthewalls.The tensionincableAB is B(8,0,4)m 10kN andthetensionin cableAC is20kN.Whatis thesumofthemoments x aboutOduetotheforces exertedonA bythetwo cables?
z C(0,6,3)m

Solution
LetFAB andFAC betheforcesexertedontheattachmentpointAby thetwocables.ToexpressFAB intermsofitscomponents,we determinethepositionvectorfromA toB,
z

(8 6)i + (0 4) j + (4 0)k = 2 i 4 j + 4k
y A(6,4,0)m

C(0,6,3)m

r F AB = 10 e AB = 3.33i 6.67 j + 6.67k (kN )

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anddividebyitsmagnitudetotheyield theunitvectoreAB 2 i 4 j + 4k 1 2 2 = i j+ k e AB = 6 3 3 3

B(8,0,4)m

y A(6,4,0)m

F AC = 17 .14 i + 5 .71 j + 8 .57 k (kN )

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Solution
Choosethevectorr suchthatthelinesofactionofbothforcespass throughpointA,wecanusethevectorfromO toA todeterminethe momentofbothforcesaboutpointO.

ExampleC
A force of 800N acts on a bracket as shown, determine the moment of the force about B.
800N
C B O z

Mo = (r

r A / O = 6i + 4 j
A/O

60 0

x F AB + r A / O x F AC

i j k i j k = 6 4 0 + 6 4 0 3.33 6.67 6.67 17.14 5.71 8.57

r A/ O
F AB

F AC
A

160mm
B

= 26.68i 40.02k 13.32k 40.02 j + 34.28i + 34.26k + 68.56k 51.42 j

M o = 60.96 i 91.44 j + 49.48k (kNm )

200mm
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Solution
800N

60 0

r A / B = ( 0.2m)i + (0.16m) j
F = 800 N cos 60 0 i + 800 N sin 60 0 j

160mm
B

Consider a line L and a force F. Let MP be the moment of F about an arbitrary point P on L.
200mm

MomentofaForce AboutaLine
= rx R
P

F = 400 N i + 693N j
M
p

M B = r A / B x F = (0.2m )i + (0.16m ) j x (400 N )i + (693N ) j

][

]
L

M
r F

= (138 .6 Nm )k (64 Nm )k

ML
L

M B = (202.6 Nm )k
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r r r MP = r xF

r r M L = M P eL

MomentofaForce AboutaLine
Intermsoftheunitvectore alongL,ML is givenby

MomentofaForce AboutaLine
Themixedtripleproductcanbeexpressedin determinantas

r r r r M L = M P eL eL

r r r M L = e r x F = rx

ex

ey ry Fy

ez rz Fz

r r r r r M L = r x F eL e L
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((

) )

Fx

Note: IfML is+ thencomponentis then component is thesamedirection ase,negative otherwise.

Notice that the value of the above formula is a scalar which determines the magnitude and direction of ML, relative to e.
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ExampleC
z (8,6,4)m

Solution
F = 10i + 60 j 20k

(8,6,4)m

F = 10i + 60 j 20k
B(-7,6,2)m y

Determinethe momentofaforce aboutanarbitrary lineAB. li AB

r
A(2,0,4)m

A(2,0,4)m

ThemomentofF aboutA is

B(-7,6,2)m y

i j k r r r MA = r xF = 6 6 0 10 60 20
M A = 120i + 120 j + 300k ( Nm )

Solution: IfwechosepointA,thevectorr fromA tothepointofapplicationofF is

r = (8 2 )i + (6 0 ) j + (4 4 )k
r = 6i + 6 j (m )
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r rB / A = 9i + 6 j 2k (m )
r rB / A = 11.0 m

r 9 6 2 rB/ A eB / A = = i+ j k 11 11 11 rB / A

Solution
l B/A
A(2,0,4)m

ExampleE
z
y

M L = eB/ A M

)e

B(-7,6,2)m

B/ A
x

r 9 6 2 = ( 120) + (120) + (300) e B / A 11 11 11

r 6 2 9 M L = 109 i + j k ( Nm ) 11 11 11

Whatisthe momentofthe forceF aboutthe barBC?

B(0,0,3)m

F = 2i + 6 j + 3k (kN )
C(0,4,0)m

A(4,2,2)m

M L = 109e B / A (Nm )
x

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Solution
Themixedtripleproductis

0 0.8 0.6 r r r eC / B rA / B x F = 4 2 1 2 6 3

eC l C //BB
rC / B

r r r eC / B rA / B x F = 24.8 kNm

M BC = e C / B r A / B x F e C / B = 24.8e C / B kN m

)]

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