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Lattice Defects
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Types of Defects
o Point defects (composition)
Vacancies Interstitials (missing atoms) (extra atoms)
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Self Interstitial
Interstitial Impurity
Vacancy
Substitutional Impurity
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Point defects
o Vacancy
An empty atomic site
o Interstitial
An atom somewhere other than an atomic site - Self-interstitial - Impurity interstitial
o Substitutional impurity
Some foreign species on an atomic site
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-Linear (one dimensional) defect around which some of the atoms are misaligned
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Types of Dislocations
- Edge Dislocation: A portion of an extra plane of atoms - Screw Dislocation: Helical atomic displacement around a line extending through the crystal - Mixed Dislocation: Some edge, some screw nature
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Edge Dislocation
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Burgers vector
Perfect crystal
dislocated crystal
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Screw Dislocation
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Mixed Dislocation
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Slip plane
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A large number of independent slip systems are required for good ductility in polycrystalline materials so grains can deform to accommodate their neighboring grains Common in many metal structures (bcc and fcc)
Dislocations are very complex in ceramic structures. This and complications of like charged ions encountering each other during slip make dislocation movement almost impossible in ceramics Therefore ceramics are not ductile, they are brittle
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Grain boundaries and other dislocations impede the movement of dislocations causing hardening
Dislocations
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Reading Assignment
Shackelford 2001(5th Ed) Read Chapter 4, pp 115-136, 145-150 Read ahead Chapter 5, pp 158-181
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