(-(5&,&,2(1&/$6(

Encontrar la deIlexion de la seccion en el extremo libre C.

'$726




81,'$'(6

|)| KN
|/| m
|$| mm
2

|(| GPa
| | mm








Explanation of Segmented Axial Calculations
Ejercicio en Clase - Solucin
Introduction
This type of axial structure is used to introduce concepts of internal forces and
normal stress. To compute the internal forces in the axial member, we must cut a
free-body diagram through each segment. Once the internal force is known, we
can find the normal stress in the segment or we can find the area necessary so that
normal stresses are less than a specified stress limit.
Problems of this type are easier to solve if we adopt a consistent method of drawing
the free-body diagrams. As we construct each free-body diagram, we will assume
that the internal force in a segment creates tension. A tension force pulls on the
surface exposed when we cut through the segmented axial member. This assumed
tension force may act in either the +x or the -x direction, depending on how we cut
the free-body diagram. We include this assumed internal force in the equilibrium
equation and then solve for its value. If we compute a positive value, then we
know that the segment will indeed be subjected to tension and that the internal
force will cause the segment to elongate. If we compute a negative value for the
internal force, then we understand that the segment will actually be in compression
and that it will contract.
Calculation
Free-Body Diagrams
To find the internal axial force in Segment (1), draw a free-body diagram that cuts
through Segment (1) and includes the free end of the axial structure (i.e., Joint C).
Click button [1] to see free-body diagram. We will assume that the internal force
F
1
in Segment (1) creates tension. In the x direction, the force equilibrium
equation for Segment (1) is:
F
x
= -F
1
+ 10.000 kN - 10.000 kN = 0
Solve the equilibrium equation to find an internal force in Segment (1) of F
1
=
0.000 kN (tension).
To find the internal axial force in Segment (2), draw a free-body diagram that cuts
through Segment (2) and includes the free end of the axial structure (i.e., Joint C).
Click button [2] to see free-body diagram. We will assume that the internal force
F
2
in Segment (2) creates tension. In the x direction, the force equilibrium
equation for Segment (2) is:
F
x
= -F
2
- 10.000 kN = 0
Solve the equilibrium equation to find an internal force in Segment (2) of F
2
= -
10.000 kN (compression).
MDSolids - Educational Software for Mechanics of Materials Copyright 1997-2008 Timothy A. Philpot
Domingo, 07 de Octubre de 2012 04:02:47 p.m. www.mdsolids.com
Normal Stress Calculations
The deformations in the axial member are found by integrating the normal strain
over the member length, (L). For portions of the axial member where the internal
force (F), area (A), and elastic modulus (E) are constant, the integral reduces to e
= FL/AE, where e is the elongation in the segment. The total deformation in the
axial member is found by summing the elongations in each segment. If we follow
the convention discussed above when we construct our free-body diagrams, we can
simply add up the individual segment elongations since a positive value always
implies that the segment gets longer and a negative value always implies that the
segment gets shorter.
Segment (1)
The cross-sectional area for Segment (1) is 10,000.00 mm. The segment length is
0.9000 m, and the elastic modulus is 75.00 GPa. The normal stress for Segment
(1) is

1
= F
1
/A
1
= 0.000 kN 10,000.00 mm
= 0.000 MPa (tension)
Note: Make the units consistent before performing the hand calculation.
For Segment (1), the normal strain is = 0.0000 mm/mm, and the rod elongation
in Segment (1) alone is:
e
1
= ( F
1
L
1
)/( A
1
E
1
)
= (0.000 kN 0.9000 m)/(10,000.00 mm 75.00 GPa)
= 0.00 mm
Note: The positive sign indicates that the segment length increases (i.e.,
elongates).
Note: Make the units consistent before performing the hand calculation.
The deflection of Joint B relative to Joint A is simply the elongation in Segment (1).
Therefore, the deflection of Joint B relative to Joint A is 0.00 mm.
Segment (2)
The cross-sectional area for Segment (2) is 5,000.00 mm. The segment length is
1.000 m, and the elastic modulus is 100.00 GPa. The normal stress for Segment
(2) is

2
= F
2
/A
2
= -10.000 kN 5,000.00 mm
= -2.000 MPa (compression)
MDSolids - Educational Software for Mechanics of Materials Copyright 1997-2008 Timothy A. Philpot
Domingo, 07 de Octubre de 2012 04:02:47 p.m. www.mdsolids.com
Note: Make the units consistent before performing the hand calculation.
For Segment (2), the normal strain is = -20.0000E-06 mm/mm, and the rod
elongation in Segment (2) alone is:
e
2
= ( F
2
L
2
)/( A
2
E
2
)
= (-10.000 kN 1.000 m)/(5,000.00 mm 100.00 GPa)
= -0.02000 mm
Note: The negative sign indicates that the segment length decreases (i.e.,
contracts).
Note: Make the units consistent before performing the hand calculation.
The deflection of Joint C relative to Joint A is found by totaling the elongations in
Segments (1) and (2). Therefore, the deflection of Joint C relative to Joint A is -
0.02000 mm.
Summary
Problem Statement
Compute the elongations for each segment of the axial member and compute the
displacements of points B, C, and D relative to point A. The areas for each segment
are given.
Input
Joint load at B 10.000 kN (to the right)
Joint load at C 10.000 kN (to the left)
Segment (1) area 10,000.00 mm
Segment (1) length 0.9000 m
Segment (1) elastic modulus 75.00 GPa
Segment (2) area 5,000.00 mm
Segment (2) length 1.000 m
Segment (2) elastic modulus 100.00 GPa
Output
Segment (1) force 0.000 kN (tension)
Segment (2) force -10.000 kN (compression)

Segment (1) normal stress 0.000 MPa (tension)
Segment (1) normal strain 0.0000
Segment (1) deformation 0.00 mm (elongation)
MDSolids - Educational Software for Mechanics of Materials Copyright 1997-2008 Timothy A. Philpot
Domingo, 07 de Octubre de 2012 04:02:47 p.m. www.mdsolids.com
Deflection of Joint B relative to Joint A 0.00 mm

Segment (2) normal stress -2.000 MPa (compression)
Segment (2) normal strain -20.0000E-06
Segment (2) deformation -0.02000 mm (contraction)
Deflection of Joint C relative to Joint A -0.02000 mm

MDSolids - Educational Software for Mechanics of Materials Copyright 1997-2008 Timothy A. Philpot
Domingo, 07 de Octubre de 2012 04:02:47 p.m. www.mdsolids.com